
How the US split Europe to invade Iraq at any cost in 2003
Napoléon's brief but significant stay in Vilnius marked the beginning of what local historians call the "French period" – tragically followed by the retreat from Russia and the resulting carnage. In the Vilnius region alone, nearly 37,000 soldiers and officers of the Grande Armée died from cold, hunger or disease during the winter.
It then took a little more than two centuries for France to regain the favor of Lithuanians, according to Zygimantas Pavilionis, a 53-year-old MP and chair of the Foreign Affairs Committee in the Parliament of the small Baltic republic. Over coffee, Pavilionis recounted the episode of Napoléon on the balcony, and set the date of France's return to grace at 2020, when President Emmanuel Macron visited Vilnius and met with Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya, whose husband is imprisoned in neighboring Belarus for attempting to run in the presidential election. "At last," he said with satisfaction, "France, with this gesture, reconnected with its revolutionary calling, after having swallowed so many bitter pills."

Try Our AI Features
Explore what Daily8 AI can do for you:
Comments
No comments yet...
Related Articles

LeMonde
5 hours ago
- LeMonde
Is there a genocide in Gaza? Why legal experts are split
Historians will provide their interpretation at some point in the future. But what about legal experts? When it comes to the question of whether a genocide is underway or has been committed by Israel against Palestinians in the Gaza Strip, nearly all of them have an opinion. They have clashed in opinion pieces published in newspapers and scholarly journal articles. The debate had already been simmering for several months, but with a single sentence, President Emmanuel Macron brought it out into the open in the French public debate. On the evening of May 13, during an interview on broadcaster TF1, journalist Gilles Bouleau abruptly asked the head of state: "Does what is currently happening in Gaza constitute genocide?" Clearly prepared and looking solemn, the president answered without hesitation: "It is not for a political leader to use those terms; that is up to historians, in due time." The president neither endorsed nor condemned the use of the word "genocide." However, by deferring responsibility to historians and the passage of time, he appeared to overlook the fact that several legal proceedings are already underway, both before French courts and before relevant international bodies – the International Court of Justice (ICJ) and the International Criminal Court (ICC), both based in The Hague, Netherlands. Genocide brought up soon after October 7, 2023 The question of genocide and Gaza is not just a matter for historians to address through archival research. Above all, it is the domain of law experts – prosecutors, investigating judges, and lawyers – who are working directly on complaints, lawsuits, and appeals that have already been filed. For instance, the French National Anti-Terrorism Prosecutor's Office, which is responsible for investigating cases of torture, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide, requested in May that a probe be opened following a complaint for "complicity in genocide" and "direct incitement to genocide." This complaint had been filed against French-Israeli activists who obstructed the delivery of humanitarian aid to Gaza in 2023, 2024, and 2025. Only the investigation will determine whether there was complicity, and therefore a genocide, but this process could take several years.


Euronews
9 hours ago
- Euronews
Israel intercepts Gaza-bound boat Handala carrying food aid
The Israeli military intercepted a Gaza-bound aid ship seeking to provide aid to the Palestinian enclave, detaining 21 international activists and journalists, the Freedom Flotilla Coalition said on Sunday. The Flotilla Coalition said the Israeli military 'violently intercepted' the ship in international waters about 40 nautical miles from Gaza, cutting the cameras and communication just before midnight Saturday. 'All cargo was non-military, civilian, and intended for direct distribution to a population facing deliberate starvation and medical collapse under Israel's illegal blockade,'' the group said in a statement. According to the operators of the Handala vessel, the aid ship's cargo, intercepted by the Israeli military, contained baby formula, food, and medicine, and it sailed towards the port of Ashdod on Sunday, accompanied by an Israeli navy vessel. The cargo 'was non-military... and intended for direct distribution to a population facing deliberate starvation... under Israel's illegal blockade,'' it added. The Israeli military had no immediate comment, but Israel's Foreign Ministry posted that the navy stopped the vessel and was bringing it to shore. The Handala is the second ship operated by the coalition that Israel has prevented in recent months from delivering aid to Gaza. Greta Thunberg was among 12 activists on board the ship Madleen when the Israeli military seized it in June. The Swedish climate activist, alongside others, was later deported. French left-wing lawmakers among crew This time around, the ship carried what the Freedom Flotilla Coalition called a "diverse crew of activists, scholars, workers, artists, members of parliament, elected officials, and journalists from 12 countries." Among them are Gabrielle Cathala, a French MP representing Val-de-Marne and Emma Fourreau, a French-Swedish Member of the European Parliament (MEP), environmentalist, and pro-Palestinian activist. "They carry the dreams of millions of people across the world and bring with them a powerful message of international solidarity—that we will break Israel's illegal siege of Gaza," the group said. The latest interception comes as Israel faces mounting international criticism over the worsening humanitarian situation in Gaza, with concern growing over rising hunger deaths in the Palestinian enclave. Italian and Spanish governments react Reacting to the development, Italian Foreign Minister Antonio Tajani said he had spoken this morning (Sunday) with Israeli Minister Gideon Sa'ar. The Handala had two Italian activists aboard before it was intercepted. They were detained on the Freedom Flotilla ship and have arrived in the port of Ashdod, where they will be assisted by staff from the Italian Embassy in Tel Aviv, an Italian government statement said. With one of its citizens aboard the intercepted Handala vessel, Spain's foreign affairs ministry said it had tasked its cooperation agency, the Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation, "to send everything needed to Gaza." The Spanish government said it planned to advocate for the State of Palestine and the 2-state solution at the UN General Assembly on Monday, describing what it called the "induced famine" in Gaza as "a disgrace". "Daily starvation deaths: 100,000 children and 40,000 babies are at risk of death. Israel must allow permanent, uninterrupted, and free passage of all necessary humanitarian aid", the Spanish government statement said. Meanwhile, a regional human rights group, Adalah, denounced Israel's interception of the Handala ship, saying the raid on the vessel violated international law. 'The flotilla never entered Israeli territorial waters, nor was it intended to do so; it was headed toward the territorial waters of the State of Palestine, as recognised under international law,' Adalah said in a statement. 'Israel has no legal jurisdiction or authority over the international waters in which the vessel was sailing,' its statement added. On Sunday, the Israeli military announced it had begun a limited pause in fighting in three populated areas of Gaza for 10 hours a day, after its announcement Saturday night that airdrops of aid would begin in Gaza, with humanitarian corridors opened for United Nations convoys.

LeMonde
a day ago
- LeMonde
Vichy's antisemitism: A dispute between historians heads to court
On July 17, 2022, French President Emmanuel Macron gave a speech to mark the 80 th anniversary of the Vel' d'Hiv roundup, the mass arrest of Jews by French police in Paris in July 1942. Without mentioning the obvious context of the German occupation, he underscored, emphasizing French responsibility, that "not a single soldier of Nazi Germany took part in the roundup of July 16 and 17, 1942. All of this stemmed from a will and a policy poisoned by antisemitism, initiated as early as July 1940." Faced with what they called the "silence" of the "official historians" in the face of this "manipulation of history," three historians, including two amateurs, decided to use this speech as the starting point for a book published the following year. Written by Jean-Marc Berlière, a respected historian of the French police, along with René Fiévet, an economist, and Emmanuel de Chambost, an engineer, Histoire d'une falsification: Vichy et la Shoah dans l'histoire officielle et le discours commémoratif ("History of a Falsification: Vichy and the Holocaust in Official History and Commemorative Discourse") took aim at "these 'court historians' and presidents of the Republic, all busy making the French feel guilty," and aimed to "restore the complexity to a question that cannot be reduced to a purely Vichyite initiative." In July 2023, historian Laurent Joly, a specialist in the Vichy regime who also found the memorial discourse riddled with approximations and anachronisms, published a lengthy, detailed critique of the book in the Revue d'histoire Moderne et Contemporaine, tracing its "intellectual genealogy." "(...) Such a book does not come out of nowhere. It is part of a history of the historiography of Vichy and the crimes of collaboration, which for decades have inspired a whole literature seeking to minimize their gravity, up to the recent provocations of [far-right politician] Eric Zemmour." The Comité de vigilance face aux usages publics de l'histoire (CVUH), a non-profit organization fighting against the misuse of history in the public sphere, also published a note signed by feminist historian Michèle Riot-Sarcey, which referenced Joly's article.