Listen: A place ‘worse than hell' (Libya, Part 2)
The Libyan Coast Guard is doing the European Union's dirty work, capturing migrants as they attempt to cross the Mediterranean into Europe and throwing them in secret prisons.
There, they are extorted, abused and sometimes killed. An investigation into the death of Aliou Candé, a young farmer and father from Guinea-Bissau, puts the Outlaw Ocean team in the cross-hairs of Libya's violent and repressive regime.
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In this three-part series, we take you inside the walls of one of the most dangerous prisons in a lawless regime where the world's forgotten migrants languish.
Listen to part one here
Episode 2 highlights
The EU has claimed it plays no role in this migrant crisis, even as it provides boats, buses, petrol — even the tablets the Libyans use to count their captives.
Once captured and counted, those migrants are often held in a network of secretive prisons run by competing militias, where exploitation, abuse and death are common. They are also routinely 'rented' as everything from farm labour to soldiers in battle.
Aliou Candé was sent to a prison where he died at the hands of prison guards while trying to protect himself in a melee. 'I'm not going to fight. I'm the hope of my entire family,' he said. DM
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Daily Maverick
3 hours ago
- Daily Maverick
Trump tariffs – D-day for South Africa and its economic relations with the US
With the 1 August deadline upon us and no trade agreement yet, experts agree that relations between South Africa and the US would need a reset and cool heads to negotiate. With hours to go before US President Donald Trump's tariffs are expected to come into effect, South Africa announced 'urgent interventions' to support exporters impacted by the tariffs. 'The Department of Trade, Industry and Competition (DTIC) has announced a set of measures in response to the imminent 30% tariff hike on South African exports to the United States, which comes into effect on 1 August 2025. 'These urgent interventions are part of the DTIC's ongoing commitment to protecting jobs, preserving market access to the United States, and promoting export diversification to alternate markets in Africa, the European Union, Asia, Latin America, and other strategic partners,' Trade and Industry Minister Parks Tau said in a statement on Thursday night, 31 July. This comes hours after Tau told Radio 702 that South Africa was preparing a last-minute 'enhanced' trade proposal in the hope of avoiding Trump's punishing tariffs. Key among the interventions, Tau said, was the establishment of an export support desk, which would serve as a direct point of contact for companies affected by the US tariff hike. 'The desk will provide updates on developments and tailored advisory services to exporters on alternative destinations, guidance on market entry processes, insights into compliance requirements and linkages to South African Embassies and High Commissions abroad,' said Tau. 'This tariff hike poses a direct threat to our export capacity, particularly in strategic sectors such as automotive, agro-processing, steel and chemicals, amongst others. 'We are working with urgency and resolve to implement real, practical interventions that defend jobs and position South Africa competitively in a shifting global landscape. The stakes are high and we must respond decisively to ensure our export industries remain resilient, competitive and globally integrated into diversified markets,' he said. Tau said exporters were encouraged to visit the DTIC website for updates and also to engage directly with the export support desk. At a White House press briefing on Thursday, press secretary Karoline Leavitt reiterated that on 1 August, the reciprocal tariff rates 'will be going into effect'. She said that foreign leaders of countries that did not have deals would be 'hearing from this administration by the midnight deadline tonight'. Leavitt said that Trump would be 'signing an executive order at some point this afternoon or later this evening' imposing new tariff rates. However, she did not rule out the possibility of the Trump administration making deals with countries that still did not have agreements in place, before midnight on Thursday. 'I will never count out the president… I do know foreign leaders are ringing his phone realising this deadline is a real thing for them tomorrow and they are bringing offers to the table,' she said. South Africa is confronting the most critical moment in its fraught relations with the US, staring at exports worth almost $10-billion being exposed to stiff tariffs that risk making these goods uncompetitive. That is the estimated value of South African exports vulnerable to the 30% 'reciprocal' and sectoral import tariffs threatened by the Trump administration. South Africa has been advised to diversify its export destinations urgently – especially to Africa – to reduce its dependency on the US. Nevertheless, the world's largest economy remains critical for now and South African officials have been working frantically to secure an alternative trade deal with the US to avert President Donald Trump's 1 August deadline for imposing hefty tariffs on most countries. However, said Eckart Naumann, independent economist and associate of the Trade Law Centre (Tralac), 'many dozens of countries are also knocking on the door and US trade officials will likely be run off their feet'. Tralac is a non-profit organisation that builds trade-related capacity in Africa. On Thursday, 31 July, Minister of Trade, Industry and Competition Parks Tau told radio station 702: 'We actually spoke to the US last night, both at the level of the embassy and also at the level of the US trade representative. They indicated that even they are unable to confirm what the announcement [on South Africa's tariff rates] would be, and that they would encourage us to resubmit our proposal, possibly an enhanced proposal, to the US government. It would be processed by the White House… At this point, they are unable to say what the final decision would be.' 'Reckless statements' In his statement, Tau said the DA, 'instead of providing constructive support to the efforts made by government', continued to release 'reckless statements which undermine the progress' the department has been making towards the 1 August deadline. 'In a trying moment for South Africa, there still remain those who would seek to sabotage our efforts to resolve this impasse. Despite our tireless efforts, which we have, where possible, communicated consistently on, some segments of our country refuse to be part of the solution. 'Instead of providing constructive support to the efforts made by government, the Democratic Alliance continues to release reckless statements which undermine the progress we have been making towards the 1 August deadline. This is downright irresponsible for a party in the Government of National Unity, and an integral part of the process,' said Tau. Earlier on Thursday, Business Day reported that South Africa was offering the automotive and agricultural sectors alternative markets and possible Treasury-backed tax incentives, part of a two-part contingency plan to keep production lines going if SA was faced with a 30% tariff from Friday. In response, DA spokesperson on finance Mark Burke said this 'new deflection' by Tau is meant 'to make up for his and his party's failed foreign policy pageantry'. 'Instead of securing a trade deal, Tau now expects our Treasury to borrow or tax South Africans more to pay for the costs of the ANC's association of our state with rogue nations like Iran,' said Burke. The chances of South Africa averting or extending the deadline seemed to dim this week when Trump told reporters that he would probably not be attending the G20 Summit in Johannesburg in November 'because I've had a lot of problems with South Africa. They have some very bad policies.' He also posted on his social media site Truth Social: 'The August 1 deadline is the August first deadline – it stands strong and will not be extended. A big day for America!' South Africa has offered a package of concessions, including lowering tariff barriers to US food imports, buying US gas and committing local companies to investing in US mining and recycling. But many analysts fear it will not be enough because it's not so much about economics as it is about politics. Zane Dangor, director-general of the Department of International Relations and Co-operation, told the Kgalema Motlanthe Foundation's winter seminar this week that there was a risk of SA being punished for its domestic policies – particularly black economic empowerment (BEE) – no matter what economic deal it put on the table. Reserve Bank governor Lesetja Kganyago said earlier this month that Trump's tariffs could cause about 100,000 job losses, with the agriculture and automotive sectors hardest hit. Naumann said the US imported goods worth $14.6-billion from South Africa in 2024, according to its own data. However, he noted that about 36% of these exports were exempt from the new tariffs because they were natural resources (mainly platinum group metals, rhodium and gold) that the US needed. This would leave South African exports to the US worth $9.344-billion vulnerable to the potential new tariff rates. Naumann said South Africa's exposure to the US as an export market was relatively limited, with about 7.5% of its total exports going to the US. 'However, in some sectors, South Africa's exposure to the US is quite high,' he said. 'For example, last year, 29% of our boat exports went to the US duty-free under Agoa [the African Growth and Opportunity Act]; 25% of aluminium and articles thereof were exported to the US and are now subject to 50% tariffs; 11% of our auto exports were shipped duty-free to the US and, along with much of the rest of the world, now face a 25% sectoral tariff. 'In contrast, key competitors like the EU, UK and Japan, and indeed Mexico under the US-Mexico-Canada Agreement, have negotiated far more preferential access to the US for their motor vehicle exports.' Naumann noted that the tariffs SA faced were differentiated: there were the 30% 'reciprocal' tariffs, but also sectoral tariffs of 25% on autos and parts; 50% sectoral tariffs on steel and aluminium; an existing 10% general tariff (to be replaced by the reciprocal tariff) and a threatened extra 10% tariff on all BRICS member countries. 'The days of preferential access to the US market are definitely over,' Naumann added. For now, under Agoa, the US was still waiving standard 'most favoured nation' duties – though not the additional ones the Trump administation has added. He thought it doubtful that South Africa – perhaps any country – would remain in Agoa in its current guise after its scheduled expiry on 30 September. 'The intersection of geopolitical, domestic and trade issues best defines the current impasse between South Africa and the US, and a reset is unavoidable,' Tau said in a statement this week. He said SA had decided not to retaliate in terms of the tariffs and awaited the US's response to its proposed framework deal. The deal included South Africa importing 75-100 petajoules of US liquified natural gas for a 10-year period, unlocking $12-billion; giving the US more agricultural market access by simplifying US poultry imports, unlocking about $91-million in trade; being ready to open the South African market for US blueberries; local firms committing to invest $3.3-billion in US industries such as mining and metals recycling; and both governments agreeing to pursue joint investment in critical minerals, pharmaceuticals and agri-machinery. Tralac CEO Trudi Hartzenberg, however, thought pork and poultry seemed a 'tricky' part of the negotiations. Donald MacKay, director of XA Global Trade Advisors, said although the state of the SA-US trade negotiations was very murky, in part because both sides had signed a non-disclosure agreement, he suspected that South Africa would, in fact, be hit with the threatened big 30% tariffs. But he was hoping that the US would give South Africa another reprieve – an extension of the deadline to complete negotiations for a new deal. 'The hardest-hit centres by my estimation are going to be fresh fruit, particularly citrus and table grapes.' But MacKay said probably about half of these products had already been exported this season. 'So, still bad, but … it really means next year's going to be a particularly big problem'. MacKay added: 'The government keeps telling people to find other markets, as if that is really easy to do. For a product like citrus, we already export to over 100 countries. There's just not that many left we can send [citrus] to and certainly none left that will get us the same kind of prices we get in the US. 'Cars, of course, are not included in the 30% tariff, but they've already got their own 25% tariff. We've seen how that looks with Mercedes-Benz at least temporarily closing down its factory,' he added, referring to the company shutting down its manufacturing plant in East London for July, though it was reopened this week. MacKay said South Africa needed 'to get back to basics. We need to get a properly functioning, professional ambassador into the US. I can't even remember the last time we had a properly functioning ambassador.' Tau has been criticised in some quarters for the way he has handled the trade negotiations, but MacKay said because the negotiations had been held behind closed doors, it was impossible to judge. But, he said, he would like the government 'to put some time in with the sectors and the companies most negatively impacted to look at what can be done'. Daniel Bradlow, an economic diplomacy expert at the University of Pretoria and the South African Institute of International Affairs, said: 'The lesson from all of this, not just from South Africa, but from what's happening everywhere, is countries have to learn how to restructure their trade relations to work around the US.' For South Africa and for Africa generally, this meant there was a need to accelerate the implementation of the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) and other African regional trade arrangements. The institutions that needed to be developed more intensely included regional multilateral financial institutions in Africa such as the Trade and Development Bank and the African Export-Import Bank, which focuses specifically on developing trade for Africa, and several others, Bradlow said. 'And I think South Africa should be looking at: how do we make those more robust and more effective?' Other critical issues to address – which were being tackled in South Africa's G20 – were making Africa's debt more sustainable and how to increase development finance, because that would help to finance the regional infrastructure that is needed to implement the AfCFTA. Bradlow said whatever the outcome of the SA-US trade negotiations – even if the US accepted the Department of Trade, Industry and Competition's package, South Africa would be hit as the US was a big trading partner. It was just a question of how much. He noted that, for starters, a 10% increase was a given as no country had escaped that so far, except on critical minerals, though some countries had managed to lower their reciprocal and sectoral tariff rates. On the auto industry, he said one of the big questions was how the foreign auto producers would react to a tariff increase: 'Would they start shutting down factories?' Like the government, Bradlow also said South Africa and other countries needed to shift trade relations away from the US because, even if a Democrat were to oust Trump in 2028, Democrats might not change the tariffs much – as former president Joe Biden had not changed much of Trump's tariffs in his first term. Naumann noted that the US was South Africa's second-largest export destination by country (7.5% of total exports) and China its first with 11%. Both were overshadowed by the EU, which gets 17% of South African exports and the Southern African Development Community free-trade area. 'But our exports to the US are far more diversified than our exports to China, which are mostly raw materials or resources. That makes the US probably the most important destination as a country, albeit shadowed by the EU as a whole.' A major report on SA-US trade relations just published by Tralac shows the impact of increased US tariffs on South African companies and industries would depend on several factors, including tariff advantage or disadvantage relative to competitors; the seasonality of demand and supply (how responsive demand is to the landed costs of products); and US domestic policies such as local tax breaks on locally produced autos. MP Toby Chance, the DA's spokesperson on trade, industry and competition, said Tau had been slow in realising the danger from Trump's tariffs and in taking action 'both to woo him and explore alternative markets'. He said South Africa had erred in not tackling Trump's 'instinctive negativity' towards the country with better diplomacy, citing the appointment of Ebrahim Rasool as ambassador and Mcebisi Jonas as special envoy to the US. 'I think it is highly likely we will end up on the higher end of the 10% to 30% tariff spectrum, though there could be some sweeteners such as concessions on counter-seasonal fruit, which would help our citrus growers. 'Another glaring omission is the government's ignoring the issue of non-tariff barriers, continually raised by the Trump administration as factors in the negotiations, which are a bar to investment not just by the US but other countries and firms, e.g. BEE, the Employment Equity Act, expropriation without compensation, etc.' Naumann said it was probably unfair to criticise SA's negotiators for the perceived lack of progress. 'We're not first in line for a reasonable deal and apart from years-long neglect and being virtually absent in Washington – and still without an ambassador or interlocutor – politically we're certainly not well favoured by Washington. We shouldn't maintain high hopes of a particularly favourable outcome involving exemptions and a low country tariff rate, as this just doesn't appear to fit the current political narrative.' He thought new tariffs for South Africa would be postponed for further negotiations, but added: 'The US will be careful not to make concessions to South Africa that might undermine dozens of other trade deals being pursued right now.' DM
eNCA
11 hours ago
- eNCA
Zelensky signs bill ensuring anti-graft agencies' 'independence'
President Volodymyr Zelensky signed new legislation on Thursday restoring the "independence" of Ukraine's anti-corruption agencies, reversing changes that had sparked large-scale protests and criticism from the European Union. He inked the bill shortly after lawmakers gave their backing for the changes, which was also approved in advance by the anti-corruption bodies. Kyiv's European allies supported the new legislation after worrying the previous change to the law would undermine anti-corruption reforms key to Ukraine's bid to join the EU. "The law guarantees the absence of any external influence or interference," the Ukrainian leader wrote on social media, announcing he had approved the bill. "It is very important that the state listens to public opinion. It hears its citizens. Ukraine is a democracy," he added, in an apparent message to Ukrainians who had demanded the changes. Prime Minister Yulia Svyrydenko said after the vote in parliament that the result was "a clear response to the expectations of society and our European partners." Dozens of demonstrators -- holding signs that read "restore independence" or European Union flags -- gathered ahead of the vote to urge lawmakers to back the new bill. One of the demonstrators, Anastasiia, told AFP it was important that anti-corruption agencies were not in the "pocket" of government officials. "While the military is defending our country from the damned Russians, we here in the rear are communicating with our authorities so that the country they are fighting for is worthy," she said, identifying herself with her first name only. European Commission spokesman Guillaume Mercier said the bill "restored key safeguards" for anti-graft agencies but cautioned "this is not the end of the process." "Ukraine accession will require continuous efforts to guarantee a strong capacity to combat corruption and to respect rule of law, we expect Ukraine to deliver on those commitments swiftly," he said. The earlier law had put the National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine (NABU) and Specialised Anti-Corruption Prosecutor's Office (SAPO) under the direct authority of the prosecutor general, who is appointed by the president. Critics took to the streets in protracted protests fearing the the move could facilitate presidential interference in corruption probes. By Vadym Tomashevsky
eNCA
21 hours ago
- eNCA
Clock ticks on US tariff hikes as Trump broadens blitz
US - Time is running short for governments to strike deals with Washington to avert tariff hikes that Donald Trump has vowed against dozens of economies - and the US president continues to expand his trade wars. As the clock ticked down on a Friday deadline for higher levies to take effect on goods from various trading partners, Trump announced a trade deal with South Korea and separate duties on Brazilian and Indian imports. He also signed an order Wednesday to impose previously-threatened 50 percent tariffs on certain copper products and end a tariff exemption for low-value shipments from abroad. The tariff hikes due Friday were initially announced in April as part of a package where Trump slapped a 10 percent levy on goods from almost all trading partners - citing unfair trade practices. This rate was set to rise to varying levels for dozens of economies like the European Union, Japan and others, but Washington twice postponed their implementation as financial markets gyrated. So far, Britain, Vietnam, Japan, Indonesia, the Philippines, the EU and South Korea have reached initial deals with Washington to secure less punishing conditions. While the United States and China earlier slapped escalating tariffs on each other's products, both sides are working to further a truce maintaining duties at lower levels. - 'Big day' - But Trump has been pushing ahead in his efforts to reshape global trade. The US leader insisted Wednesday that the August 1 deadline "will not be extended" any further. In a Truth Social post, he vowed that this would be "a big day for America." Although Trump has promised a surge in government revenues from his duties, economists warn that higher tariffs can fuel an uptick in inflation and weigh on economic growth. This could change consumption patterns. Already, consumers face an overall average effective tariff rate that is the highest since the 1930s, according to a recent analysis by The Budget Lab at Yale University. The effect on consumer prices has been limited so far. But analysts cautioned this could become more pronounced as businesses run down on existing inventory and pass on more costs to buyers. - Tariff blitz, delays - Among Trump's latest announcements were a 25 percent duty on Indian goods to begin Friday -- slightly lower than previously threatened - after talks between Washington and New Delhi failed to bring about a trade pact. India would face an unspecified "penalty" over purchases of Russian weapons and energy as well, Trump said. He also unveiled a 50 percent tariff on Brazilian goods, saying its government's policies and actions threaten US national security. But he delayed its implementation from Friday to August 6 and crucially exempted many products from the prohibitive levy, including orange juice, civil aircraft, iron ore and some energy products. Trump inked an order too for a 50 percent tariff to kick in Friday on goods like copper pipes and wiring, making good on an earlier vow to impose these duties. But the levy, which came after a Commerce Department probe on national security grounds, was less sweeping than anticipated. It left out products like copper ores, concentrates and cathodes, bringing some relief to industry. Meanwhile, Seoul landed a deal with Trump in which South Korean products would face a 15 percent tariff when entering the United States - significantly below a 25 percent level threatened. By Beiyi Seow
