Should commercial airliners be equipped with cockpit video cameras in aftermath of deadly Air India crash?
With questions swirling over whether one of the pilots cut off the fuel supply seconds after takeoff, some safety experts argue that video footage could have helped investigators reconstruct the final moments more definitively.
An initial analysis of the cockpit voice recorder recovered from the Air India flight that crashed last month seems to suggest that the younger co-pilot asked the captain why he had turned off the plane's fuel-supply switches, according to a US media report.
First officer Clive Kunder had the controls of the Boeing 787 Dreamliner for take-off and at the time of the crash moments later outside Ahmedabad airport, according to a new report from the Wall Street Journal citing sources in the investigation, and it was he who asked flight captain Sumeet Sabharwal why he had flipped the switches, starving the engines of fuel. The captain, according to the voice recorder, responded by saying that he did not.
It represents a potentially important new detail, emerging several days after a preliminary official report in the crash revealed only that the brief interaction had taken place, without naming who said what or quoting them directly.
Willie Walsh, head of the International Air Transport Association and a former pilot himself, said this week there is now a strong case for cockpit video cameras to be installed to complement existing flight data and voice recorders.
Aviation experts have said a preliminary report from India's Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau (AAIB) raised questions over whether one of the pilots of Air India flight 171 cut off fuel to the Boeing 787's engines seconds after takeoff, leading to an irrecoverable situation.
As of now, 'based on what little we know now, it's quite possible that a video recording, in addition to the voice recording, would significantly assist the investigators in conducting that investigation on the issue of mental health,' Walsh said.
Advocates for cockpit video cameras say the footage could fill in gaps left by the audio and data recorders, while opponents say concerns about privacy and misuse outweigh what they argue are marginal benefits for investigations.
Video footage was 'invaluable' to Australian crash investigators determining what led to the Robinson R66 helicopter breaking up in mid-air in 2023, killing the pilot, the only person aboard, according to the Australian Transport Safety Bureau 's final report, which was released 18 days after the Air India crash.
The video showed 'the pilot was occupied with non-flying related tasks for much of this time, specifically, mobile phone use and the consumption of food and beverages,' the report said.
The ATSB commended Robinson Helicopters for providing factory-installed cameras and said it encouraged other manufacturers and owners to consider the ongoing safety benefits of similar devices.
In 2000, US National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) Chairman Jim Hall urged the Federal Aviation Administration to require commercial airliners to be equipped with cockpit image recorders.
Hall's recommendation came in the wake of 1999's Egyptair Flight 990 crash, when the first officer intentionally crashed the Boeing 767, according to the NTSB, killing all 217 people on board.
'In the balance between privacy and safety, the scale tips toward safety, unequivocally,' air safety expert and former commercial airline pilot John Nance said. 'Protecting the flying public is a sacred obligation.'
Another aviation safety expert, Anthony Brickhouse, said that as an accident investigator, he is in favour of cockpit video, but acknowledged that commercial pilots have real concerns.
Video on Air India flight 171 'would have answered lots of questions', he said.
Air India declined to comment. India's AAIB, which is expected to release a final report within a year of the crash under international rules, did not reply to a request for comment.
Pilot objections:
US pilots' unions such as the Air Line Pilots Association (ALPA) and Allied Pilots Association (APA) say the voice and data recorders already provide enough information to determine the cause of a crash and that the cameras would be an invasion of privacy and could be misused.
Calls for cockpit cameras are an understandable reaction to 'the stress of not knowing what happened immediately after an accident,' said APA spokesperson Dennis Tajer, an American Airlines pilot.
'I can understand the initial reaction of the more information, the better,' but investigators already have enough data to adequately determine an accident's cause, leaving no need for cameras, he said.
To make flying safer, current safety systems should be enhanced to record higher-quality data, rather than adding video cameras, an ALPA spokesperson said.
There are also concerns that the footage could be used by airlines for disciplinary actions or that the video could be leaked to the public after a crash, said John Cox, an aviation safety expert, retired airline pilot and former ALPA executive air safety chairman.
A pilot's death being broadcast on 'the 6 o'clock news is not something that the pilot's family should ever have to go through', he said.
If confidentiality can be assured around the world, 'I can see an argument' for installing cameras, Cox said.
Cockpit voice recordings are typically kept confidential by investigators in favour of partial or full transcripts being released in final reports.
Despite that, the International Federation of Air Line Pilots Associations said it was sceptical that confidentiality could ever be assured for cockpit videos.
'Given the high demand for sensational pictures, IFALPA has absolutely no doubt that the protection of (airborne image recorder) data, which can include identifiable images of flight crewmembers, would not be ensured either,' the organisation said in a statement.
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She was taken to a converted schoolroom with bench-style seats, where she filled out paperwork and a doctor took her blood. 'I was told, 'the blood test will be analysed to track down Fiongal and that could take up to 72 hours to happen'.' Afterwards she checked into a hotel. While she waited for news, a member of the British crisis team took her to the BJ Medical College hostel, which Flight 171 had hit. Donaghey said: 'It was devastating for the aircraft. Obviously they had a series of cordons and I wasn't allowed to pass the last cordon because the tail of the aircraft was still stuck in one of the buildings and it was dangerous.' While she was going through her search, Miten Patel was doing what he could to bring home his parents, Ashok, a financial advisor, and Shobhana, a retired microbiologist. Married since 1970s, the couple had travelled to India for a Hindu religious trip known as a yatra, which helps people find peace when they eventually die. Miten had flown out from the UK within 24 hours with dental records and DNA samples to help with identifying his parents' bodies. 'It was the first thing on my mind: Mum and Dad are coming home,' he said. While he waited for confirmation of their remains, he was given back some of his parents' belongings from the wreckage — his father's shirt and his mother's swan pendant necklace, which his daughter Amira will now inherit. On June 20, three days after arriving, Donaghey was told a DNA 'match' for Fiongal had been found. The next day she met with representatives from the hospital, the British High Commission and an officer from Avon & Somerset police, sent over from the UK as a disaster victim investigator. 'I was told they had found part of Fiongal but not all of him,' Donaghey said. 'I said I wanted to stay until they had finished looking.' By this time Jamie's body had been found. He was returned to the UK in a coffin on June 26. 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