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NZ Herald
3 hours ago
- NZ Herald
Tech firms say deals for power give new life to nuclear plants at risk of going offline
Meta signed a 20-year agreement for the power flowing from a large legacy reactor in Illinois. Microsoft struck a deal to restart a reactor next to the one at Pennsylvania's Three Mile Island plant that was closed in 1979 by a partial meltdown. And Amazon last month in the same state locked up power from a 42-year-old nuclear plant down the Susquehanna River. Tech companies are scouring the nation for other geriatric nuclear plants to power their AI dreams, according to interviews with nuclear industry officials and company earnings calls. Their interest is focused on the roughly two dozen operating plants in unregulated markets, which are in many cases free to sell power to the highest bidder. They make up about half of the 54 plants still operating in the US. The tech firms say the deals give new life to plants at risk of going offline or that have already been shut down. Contracts that lock in rates for decades are attractive to plant operators, and the electricity flows without directly generating new carbon emissions. Critics say Silicon Valley's nuclear spree will make it more likely that consumers will face electricity rate hikes or shortages in coming years as the US faces soaring demand for power - driven in part by new data centres. By locking up ageing nuclear plants instead of building new power generation, tech firms could leave communities to fall back on fossil fuels, extending the life of polluting coal and gas plants. A few years ago, nuclear energy struggled to compete with cheaper renewables and natural gas, but all power sources are now in greater demand. Contracts with tech firms can offer nuclear plant operators as much as double the market rate for electricity. Jackson Morris, a director with the environmental advocacy group Natural Resources Defence Council, said tapping nuclear energy allows companies to keep pledges to use carbon-free power, but 'doesn't do anything to solve for the impact they're having on consumers'. 'They're insulating themselves from their own impact,' he said. Amazon, Google, Meta, and Microsoft declined to answer questions about which additional nuclear plants they may be seeking to buy power from, as well as the potential impacts of such purchases on other ratepayers and the environment. Amazon founder Jeff Bezos owns the Washington Post. All of the companies say they mitigate the impact of their energy use on other customers, by working with utilities to shield customers from funding infrastructure that serves only data centres and investing in bringing new clean technologies to the power grid. Tech firms say their data centres will eventually be powered by a new generation of cheaper but more sophisticated nuclear reactors, to be designed with help from AI. However, the technology has been stymied by engineering issues, supply chain challenges and regulatory hurdles. Google and Microsoft are also investing in fusion energy, which is even less proven. Controls, monitors and indicator lights fill the main control room at Three Mile Island last year. Photo / Wesley Lapointe, The Washington Post 'It turns out it is hard to go from all of that fancy new technology on a spreadsheet to an actual piece of infrastructure that isn't run with analogue controls,' said Ted Nordhaus, co-founder of the Breakthrough Institute, a California-based energy think-tank. 'Right now there is not much else to do other than try to squeeze every electron you can out of the existing nuclear fleet.' Chain reaction Energy companies that own nuclear plants are thrilled by the tech industry's recent interest, calling it a springboard for nuclear power's resurgence. New Jersey power company PSEG told investors in February that it is in talks with tech firms about selling large amounts of power directly from its nuclear reactors on what is known as the Artificial Island complex in Delaware Bay. Company chief executive Ralph LaRossa said in April that requests for new power from the utility by data centres has exploded over the past year, jumping 16-fold to 6.4 gigawatts, an amount of electricity that could power several million homes. In Texas, energy company Vistra says it is in talks with tech firms interested in buying energy from the Comanche Peak nuclear plant, near Fort Worth, and possibly others it owns in Ohio and Pennsylvania. 'I think we will see more large deals,' said Dan Eggers, executive vice-president at Constellation Energy, which owns or partially owns 13 nuclear energy complexes across the country. Constellation has already rezoned land next to the Byron Clean Energy Centre, a nuclear plant in Illinois, so tech companies can build data centres there. It is seeking similar changes at the campus of the Calvert Cliffs nuclear plant in Maryland on Chesapeake Bay. The company says it is also contemplating new deals with tech companies for long-term nuclear power contracts in Pennsylvania and New York. Lawmakers and regulators in some communities are concerned data centre nuclear deals could increase costs for other ratepayers and weaken the power grid. Some Maryland lawmakers want to ban Constellation from inviting data centre construction alongside Calvert Cliffs, which produces nearly 40% of the state's electricity. A report from the state's Public Service Commission warns that siphoning energy from the plant away from the power grid for data centres could destabilise the system. The Calvert Cliffs nuclear power plant in Lusby, Maryland, is seen in 2011. Photo / Jonathan Newton, The Washington Post 'In addition to being costly to replace a large nuclear plant, the quality of the generation … would be difficult to replace,' the report says. Unlike solar or wind facilities, nuclear power provides round-the-clock electricity when the plants are operating, in any weather. In many cases, nuclear power that gets redirected to tech companies would be backfilled on the power grid with gas or coal generation. Nuclear industry officials say the solution is not restricting deals, but building more plants. 'It is short sighted to say we will just ignore all this demand over the next few years and tell these companies to get their power somewhere else, when this could set us up for a lot of growth in the industry,' said Benton Arnett, senior director of markets and policy at the Nuclear Energy Institute, an industry group. But even nuclear executives working with tech firms acknowledge that pulling zero emissions nuclear energy away from other customers will have an impact on the climate and can be out of sync with ambitious commitments tech firms have made to reduce their carbon footprint. 'A growing list of people are realising they can't have everything they want,' said Robert Coward, principal officer at MPR Associates, one of the nuclear industry's leading technical services firms. Critical mass The scramble by tech firms to secure more nuclear energy quickly has led Silicon Valley companies to some unexpected places. They include a dormant construction site in South Carolina, where plans to build a Three Mile Island-size nuclear plant were abandoned in 2017, after the developer burned through US$9 billion on a project that struggled with cost overruns and engineering setbacks. Local ratepayers were saddled with the bill. Federal prosecutors in 2020 secured prison sentences for executives involved with the project for lying to investors and ratepayers about its viability. Now, several big tech companies are among those that have expressed interest in bringing the VC Summer nuclear project back to life, according to testimony from officials at utility Santee Cooper, after it invited proposals for restarting the project. A utility spokesperson would not say if there are tech companies among the three or four proposals she said are finalists for a potential deal. Tech firms are also eyeing a revival of Duane Arnold Energy Centre in Iowa, a 1970s vintage nuclear plant majority-owned by NextEra that was mothballed in 2020 after a fierce storm damaged its cooling towers, according to company earnings calls. The repairs were initially deemed too costly, but data centres have shifted the economics of nuclear energy, and NextEra is mulling a reboot to serve the facilities. 'If we continue to see the kind of prices Microsoft is willing to pay for nuclear power from Three Mile Island, these type of deals become a solid economic proposition,' said Carly Davenport, a utilities analyst at Goldman Sachs. She said estimates show the tech company is paying as much as twice the going rate on the open market, and locking in for a 20-year contract. Duane Arnold is one of the last retired plants intact enough to restart. Many of the retired plants in the US have already been dismantled. But tech companies are finding ways to squeeze more juice out of active reactors in the ageing national fleet, pursuing reactor 'uprates' from federal regulators that allow increased output. Nuclear power companies aim to increase the power output of the existing US nuclear fleet by the equivalent of three large new reactors using that tactic. As more deals involving ageing reactors emerge, consumer advocates and environmental groups are growing concerned about the impact on everyday ratepayers and the planet. Amazon reconfigured its deal in Pennsylvania after it was rejected by federal regulators that expressed concern about the effects on consumer electricity bills. The company had proposed routing power from the plant directly to nearby data centres, allowing it to avoid paying usage fees for the electric grid. A caution sign warns of radioactive exposure on the turbine deck at Three Mile Island, which is being renamed Crane Clean Energy Centre. Photo / Wesley Lapointe, The Washington Post The online retailer last month announced a deal with plant owner Talen in which it agreed to pay grid fees, a contract that will effectively lock up a large chunk of existing power generation at a time the Mid-Atlantic power grid desperately needs more energy. The deal is notable because it puts an existing nuclear plant on sound economic footing for another decade of emissions-free power generation, said former federal energy commissioner Allison Clements. However, Amazon is also removing supply from the grid just as demand from AI and other uses such as electric cars and air conditioners is spiking. 'There isn't enough power on the grid,' Clements said, and the increased load forecast by analysts, utilities and grid operators cannot be met by existing power sources. 'There's not enough room on the system.'
RNZ News
15 hours ago
- RNZ News
Musicians concerned by lack of regulation around fast-evolving AI technology
Jeremy Toy. Photo: RNZ / Evie Richardson New Zealand's musicians are watching on with a mix of horror and wonder as artificial intelligence programmes create increasingly plausible songs, often with just a few clicks of a button. Just weeks ago a band called the 'Velvet Sundown' rose up the Spotify charts before it was revealed all their music had been generated by AI. As the technology continues to evolve at breakneck speed, artists and producers here are concerned about the lack of regulation around the tech. In recent years, a number of easily accessible generative AI music tools have been released, where users can create complete songs by merely inserting a simple prompt. One of these is Suno, a US-based company, which has faced a number of lawsuits from major record labels in the US and Germany over copyright issues. Sophie Burbery, a musician and PHD student studying the topic, said companies like Suno don't disclose what music their AI software is learning from, leaving artists vulnerable. "Suno has admitted that all of its music is trained on anything that it can scrape from the internet under fair use. No decisions have been made yet within those court systems as to whether or not they can actually rely on that as a way of getting away with not paying musicians for their music or licensing it or asking permission because at the moment they've done none of those things. " Experts say the use of AI here in New Zealand is similar to the 'wild west' with no regulation or laws in place. Concern was sparked following the recent release of the government's AI strategy report, which contained no mention of the implications for creative industries. Burbery said if this continues, the consequences could be dire for our music and other creative industries. "It's really up to the government to be doing this work, and to be saying hey look, you want to have your platform up in New Zealand Suno and Udio you need to tell us where and how you've trained your AI, and it has to be labelled as the output and who owns the output of the ai?" Sophie Burbery. Photo: Supplied / Paul Taylor These AI programmes have generated many questions around copyright, an area where New Zealand is unique. Under the current Copyright Act, when a person uses AI to create a piece of art, such as a song, the end product automatically belongs to them, even it's based on a multitude of other people's songs. Clive Elliott KC, a barrister at Shortland Chambers who specialises in Intellectual Property told Checkpoint the current law is not fit for purpose when it comes to protecting creatives. "We can't use old principles that have been around for many years. We've got to say this is a completely different paradigm we face in here and we have to find a way which compensates people who have contributed to the learning process." Elliot said the Copyright Act is simply too out of date to apply to the rapidly evolving technology. "It's theft in a way, but it's theft of a tiny piece of information. And the problem with copyright is you have to show that a substantial part of the work has been copied." "The Copyright Act has been under review for years now. [The government] need to step up and say this is this is urgent." For some in the industry, like producer and artist Jeremy Toy, the risks are worrying. "If it's adopted early on with songwriters that it normalises the process of using AI to create your music. It's completely stripping you of your creative ideas." "I find it offensive as a musician that people think they can train a computer to think independently like a creative." They said there are some things that AI will never be able to replicate. "Connecting on the level that's not verbal, just being in a room with someone and playing music with them, that will never be recreated." Although the buzz around AI has amplified in recent years, some musicians say its been a part of the industry for a while now. Rodi Kirk. Photo: RNZ / Evie Richardson Rodi Kirk, who works in music tech, said AI is commonly used when producing music, particularly in the mixing and mastering stages of production. "One thing that might be surprising is that tools that rely on machine learning are not super new in terms of music production." Kirk remained optimistic about the benefits the technology could bring. "I wouldn't release a song and swap my voice for somebody that was well known, but you might do things that change your voice around for creative purposes. This general suite of tools that will be enabled by AI, I think people will do really creative stuff with them. " With no regulation or protections for artists in sight, Burbery said it is unclear where AI will take the music industry next. "It could offer many great creative possibilities but we don't know what they are because the way it has been developed is so unethical." Sign up for Ngā Pitopito Kōrero , a daily newsletter curated by our editors and delivered straight to your inbox every weekday.
RNZ News
16 hours ago
- RNZ News
NZ musicians concerned about implications of AI
New Zealand's musicians are watching on with a mix of horror and wonder as artificial intelligence programmes create increasingly plausible songs ... often with just a few clicks of a button. Just weeks ago a band called the 'Velvet Sundown' rose up the Spotify charts before it was revealed all their music had been generated by AI. As the technology continues to evolve at breakneck speed, artists and producers here are concerned about the lack of regulation around the tech. To find out what risks and potential benefits AI may hold for Aotearoa's music industry, Evie Richardson tested out some of the tech on offer. Tags: To embed this content on your own webpage, cut and paste the following: See terms of use.
