Summoning lawyers over client matters threatens administration of justice, says SC
The Court framed two critical questions for consideration: When an individual is involved in a case solely as a lawyer advising a client, can the investigating agency, prosecution, or police directly summon the lawyer? And even if the agency believes the individual's role goes beyond that of legal counsel, should such instances still require judicial oversight before any summons is issued? Emphasizing the seriousness of the matter, the Court underscored that both questions must be addressed comprehensively, as the integrity and efficacy of the administration of justice are at stake
Considering the importance of the matter, the Court ordered that the matter be placed before the Chief Justice of India (CJI) for appropriate directions.
Meanwhile, the Court granted interim relief to the lawyer who was summoned by the police in Gujarat.
'There shall be a stay on the High Court order and a stay on the operation of summons and any other notices issued to the petitioner,' the Court ordered.
The court order comes just days after a controversy broke out over Enforcement Directorate (ED)'s summons to Senior Advocates Arvind Datar and Pratap Venugopal in relation to an investigation involving the Employee Stock Option Plan (ESOP) granted by Care Health Insurance (CHIL) to former Religare Enterprises Chairperson Rashmi Saluja.
Both summons were withdrawn following strong resolutions issued by Bar associations across the country. In response, the ED also issued a circular directing its officials not to summon advocates in violation of Section 132 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023. The Supreme Court Advocates-on-Record Association (SCAORA) had earlier written to Chief Justice B.R. Gavai, urging the Court to take suo motu cognizance of the increasing instances of lawyers being summoned by investigating agencies.
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The Hindu
an hour ago
- The Hindu
A year later — colonial-era laws to new criminal codes
It will be a year since the three criminal laws which replaced the British-era enacted laws came into effect. Last year, the central government replaced the Indian Penal Code with the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) with the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS) and the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 with the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA). Policemen are gradually getting used to the new provisions. As most first information reports (FIRs) are registered through the Crime and Criminal Tracking Network and Systems (CCTNS), which is one of the pillars of the Inter-operable Criminal Justice System (ICJS), a smooth transition from the previous provisions of the laws to the new ones has been essential for the implementation of the new laws at the police station level. FIRs registered at zero are being routed to the police station of their jurisdiction through the CCTNS, albeit only within a State. The credit for this milestone goes to the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA). A significant development in policing has been the implementation of the 'e-Sakshya', which is a mobile application to collect and preserve evidence in real time. This app has been developed by the National Informatics Centre (NIC) in consultation with the MHA. The NIC is also the nodal agency for the implementation of the ICJS, which connects police (through the CCTNS) with the other pillars, namely, forensic science laboratories (FSLs), prosecution, jails and courts. While the transition to the new provisions of law is a mechanical exercise, it is the 'e-Sakshya' which is making a big difference on the ground. Feedback from the investigating officers (IOs) who are at the helm in implementing the new laws is important. Mandatory recording of pictures and videos The BNSS makes it mandatory for the IO to record certain processes using audio-video electronic means. Under some provisions, the use of such electronic means is optional. The 'e-Sakshya' app caters to six provisions of the law which include the recording of search and seizure through audio-video electronic means (a new provision under Section 105 of the BNSS), search by a police officer (under Section 185 of the BNSS), videography of the scene of crime (under Section 176 of the BNSS), recording of a statement (under Section 173 of the BNSS), recording of a statement (under Section 180 of the BNSS) and order of custody and disposal of property pending trial in some cases (under Section 497 of the BNSS). Though the trial of the most heinous offences registered under the BNS is yet to be completed in order to review the overall impact of 'e-Sakshya' on conviction, IOs are glad to be able to use it to capture pictures and videos on the spot, with geo-coordinates and a time stamp. For the public, this has enhanced visibility of the entire process of search and seizure. IOs are hopeful that witnesses (captured in photos and videos) cannot deny their presence at the scene of crime. Further, IOs cannot even (unofficially) depute their subordinates to carry out an investigation in their name. The provision of capturing a 'selfie' by the IO has been a deterrent and is likely to improve the overall quality of an investigation. Similarly, the mandatory visit of an FSL expert to the scene of crime (Section 176 of the BNSS) is proving beneficial to the police. While the forensic infrastructure has not changed much in the last year, the IO now ensures that the scene of crime is mandatorily inspected by an FSL expert. There is also the use of a police dog at the scene of crime, which is useful in tracking suspects. The move to have a Central Forensic Science Laboratory (CFSL) and National Forensic Science University (NFSU) in Raipur, Chhattisgarh, which was announced by the Union Home Minister, Amit Shah, is a step that will help strengthen the forensic infrastructure. The impediments However, more still needs to be done. While pictures and videos captured using 'e-Sakshya' are stored in the National Government Cloud (NGC) through 'Sakshya lockers', courts are yet to start directly accessing such pictures and videos through the ICJS. Many IOs make a copy through the CCTNS (which is linked to the NGC) and submit a pen drive or a similar electronic device in court, along with the final report of the case. While the integrity of evidence is not questionable in this process, the duplication of work and unnecessary expenditure incurred in the procurement of pen-drives needs to be checked. Moreover, IOs use their personal mobile phones to capture pictures and videos. Those who did have an android phone have had to buy a new mobile because the 'e-Sakshya' can only be downloaded in mobile phones with Android version 10 and a minimum storage space of 1 GB. Some police stations have been given one tablet only, which is clearly not sufficient as each police station has more than one IO. While each video could be of a duration of four minutes (maximum), there is no limit on the number of videos that can be taken. In case of a linked FIR, there is no provision to delete a picture or video that has not been recorded well. However, if an FIR is not linked, any picture or video can be deleted and recaptured. However, a maximum of five Sakshya IDs (SIDs) could be generated in the off-line (FIR not linked) mode. In such cases, the pictures and the videos need to be uploaded whenever the IO reaches a network area in order to make space to capture additional pictures and videos with a fresh SID. There are examples of accused persons being reluctant to be captured electronically when pointing out the spot where murder weapons have been hidden or when producing prohibited drugs. However, 'e-Sakshya' could prove to be a game-changing tool in improving investigations and ensuring convictions. Though 'e-Sakshya' has a provision to automatically generate a hash value (using SHA256 function) and mandatory certificate (to authenticate the secondary electronic evidence), cyber-crimes which involve the seizure of electronic evidence need an expert who could offer a definite opinion and depose in a court of law. Therefore, State labs (including the one in Chhattisgarh) which are yet to be notified under the IT Act, need to get their cyber forensic laboratories soon. While small thefts (of a value less than ₹5000) are not being registered as a cognisable offence under the ambiguous proviso to sub-section (1) of Section 303 of the BNS, petty organised offences under Section 112 of the BNS are registered (for some offences such as gambling) despite the definition being open ended and vague. The new Section 530 of the BNSS provides for the recording of evidence and examination of witnesses (including an IO) through video conferencing, but such a practice has not yet become the norm. Similarly, while IOs seem satisfied with the implementation of the seven-day limit under Section 184 of the BNSS for forwarding the medical examination report of a rape survivor by a medical practitioner to the police, their major grievance of getting the post mortem report in time has not be resolved. The MedLEaPR (Medico Legal Examination and Post Mortem Reports System), which is a web-based application developed by the NIC Haryana is under testing in Chhattisgarh. This will enable the health department to create and forward medical examination reports and post-mortem reports more quickly to the police through CCTNS. Need for feedback Since all States and Union Territories are implementing the new laws, there is a need for feedback to review ease of implementation and carry out changes to minimise the practical problems that IOs face and also overcome the legal obstacles in courts. In addition, more resources need to be allocated for forensics and information and communication technologies. This will ensure that IOs do not have to use their personal gadgets for official processes and that each district has a separate mobile FSL unit. R.K. Vij is a former Indian Police Service (IPS) officer


Time of India
an hour ago
- Time of India
Crooks impersonating Mumbai cops & ED officials force 75-yr-old in Kolhapur to transfer Rs7.9 crore
Kolhapur: Cybercriminals posing as Mumbai police and Enforcement Directorate (ED) officials forced a 75-year-old Kolhapur resident to transfer Rs7.86 crore in phases, between May 26 and June 23, on the pretext of an "inquiry into a case of funding a banned terror outfit and money laundering". This was one of the biggest cyber frauds to have been reported from western Maharashtra. The victim, who had settled in Kolhapur after retiring in 2012 as an assistant vice-president from a refinery in Jamnagar, exhausted all his earnings from investment in shares and fixed deposit (FD) held jointly with his wife to make 14 money transfers to accounts with banks in Mumbai, Nashik, Akola, Chandigarh, Prayagraj, Manoharpur and in Andhra Pradesh and Bihar. The man's three sons are settled in the US. He had rejoined the refinery in 2017 for two years before finally starting a retired life, police said. According to the FIR, at one point, the victim even told one of the crooks, who identified himself as an ED official, that he had no connection whatsoever with the money laundering and that the call appeared to him as a cyber fraud. The caller then disconnected the call. Later, the victim received another call from a man, who identified himself as a serving senior officer from Mumbai police and asked him to cooperate with the ED official. by Taboola by Taboola Sponsored Links Sponsored Links Promoted Links Promoted Links You May Like Вот что поза во сне говорит о вашем характере! Удивительные Новости Undo After securing all his investment and bank balance details in the name of inquiry and verification, the crooks even used bogus "Supreme Court order, Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)" letters to convince the victim to sell off his shares and deposit the generated money and his joint FD money to the accounts shared by them. They promised the victim that the money would be returned to him, post-verification. The Juna Rajwada police in Kolhapur registered a case in this connection following a preliminary verification of the victim's complaint application. "We have deployed teams to four places across the country to collect information as part of our ongoing investigation and to verify the accounts where money was transferred. The victim had just Rs1.5 lakh in his bank accounts, and the rest in shares," inspector Sanjivkumar Zade of the Juna Rajwada police told TOI. According to the FIR, it all started around 10.30am on May 24 when the victim got a call on his cellphone while he was at his home in Kolhapur. The caller identified himself as a representative of "Data Protection Board of India" and told the victim that he was looking into a data leak case. The caller asked the victim to confirm the last four digits of his Aadhaar card number. Later, he told the victim that his Aadhaar credentials were misused to purchase a cellphone and cheat some 20 people in Mumbai with unauthorised advertisements and other purposes. The caller claimed that a criminal case was registered against the victim at the Colaba police station in Mumbai. The caller then sent a photo of an "information report" about the cheating case on the WhatsApp number of his wife as the victim's WhatsApp number was not operating. Along with this report, the caller sent another photo of a group of people purportedly belonging to a banned terror outfit and asked the victim if he knew any of them. The caller went on to tell the victim that the police had spotted a money transfer from his account to the terror outfit. When the victim said he had no connection whatsoever with this matter, the caller connected him to another man who claimed to be a senior inspector with the Colaba police. The victim stated in his complaint that the Colaba officer asked him to visit the police station to record his statement but when he replied that he is a senior citizen and was not in a position to travel to Colaba, the "officer" said he can video record his statement before an ED officer. The "officer" then connected the victim to the "ED officer" on video call. The latter then got the victim to make the money transfers in phases till the latter realised the con, the police said.


Time of India
an hour ago
- Time of India
Crores siphoned off in Pride India scam in fraudulent land deals, says Enforcement Directorate
Hyderabad: The Enforcement Directorate's (ED) supplementary chargesheet in the Special PMLA Court revealed systematic land fraud involving fake cheques, encumbered plots, and benami front companies in the Pride India scam. The ED unearthed major financial irregularities in the Pride India case, exposing a series of deceitful land transactions that caused wrongful gains of over ₹12.5 crore. In its supplementary prosecution complaint filed before the Special PMLA Court, Hyderabad, recently, the ED detailed how the accused used multiple companies to dupe landowners and investors under the guise of real estate development. At the centre of the investigation is Abdul Haleem Baig, managing director of Pride India Avenues Pvt Ltd and Pride India Mansions Pvt Ltd. The ED named Mustafa Kamaal Siddiqui, director of Park Square Properties Pvt Ltd, as a co-conspirator. Both companies — Pride India Mansions and Park Square — were allegedly used to project legitimacy while siphoning funds through fake agreements and dishonoured payments. 'Mansions' scheme You Can Also Check: Hyderabad AQI | Weather in Hyderabad | Bank Holidays in Hyderabad | Public Holidays in Hyderabad The ED found that Pride India Mansions Pvt Ltd executed a Memorandum of Understanding on 8 March 2017 with S Sudershan Reddy for the relinquishment of rights over 29 acres of land in Bandlaguda village. by Taboola by Taboola Sponsored Links Sponsored Links Promoted Links Promoted Links You May Like Artrose? Esta joelheira biônica pode ajudar a renovar seu joelho LegFix Undo While ₹17 crore was promised, only ₹2.5 crore was paid. The remaining ₹14.5 crore was supposed to be paid in five instalments through sixteen post-dated cheques—all of which were dishonoured. The ED established that the accused had no intention to honour the agreement, as most of the land was already sold or committed to third parties. The land in question was the subject of multiple layered agreements dating back to 1995. The accused company and its associates falsely claimed ownership and rights, despite court observations noting that they had no legal title. The city civil court, in its order on December 15, 2021, confirmed that the land was already sold by a cooperative society, leaving no legitimate ground for a new sale. 'Avenues' scheme Another case involved complainant Mohammed Rafiuddin, who paid ₹3.5 crore to Pride India Avenues Pvt Ltd for plots that were never delivered. The accused allegedly issued cheques drawn on third-party accounts, misrepresented ownership of the land, and refused to refund the amount. To secure the proceeds of crime, the ED issued a Provisional Attachment on 20 March 2025. Immovable properties worth ₹12.5 crore, registered in the name of Pride India Mansions Pvt Ltd, were provisionally attached. These included land parcels with an assessed fair market value of ₹12.8 crore, calculated by a registered govt valuer. Modus operandi According to the ED, the accused intermingled the proceeds of crime with routine business expenditure and operations to avoid detection. Investigation revealed that Park Square Properties Pvt Ltd, represented by Siddiqui, incurred no costs in the development but was positioned as a stakeholder only to project credibility. Siddiqui was to receive land as consideration, which never materialised. Two FIRs registered by Central Crime Station, Hyderabad, form the basis of the ED's investigation. A complaint was lodged by Samreddy Dhananjay Reddy, son of S Sudershan Reddy, alleging cheating to the tune of ₹12.5 crore. The second complaint was filed by Rafiuddin, alleging a ₹3.5 crore fraud. The ED concluded that the offence under Section 420 IPC qualifies as a scheduled offence under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA), 2002. The total quantified proceeds of crime stood at ₹12.5 crore, and action under Sections 3 and 4 of the PMLA has been initiated. Both Pride India Mansions Pvt Ltd and Park Square Properties Pvt Ltd were defendants in civil litigation over the same land. The court's findings further corroborated that the defendants misrepresented facts, concealed prior encumbrances, and misled buyers.