The Next Frontier: India's Global Capability Centre

Hans India

22-07-2025

Over the past two decades, India has become a major destination of multinational corporations that want to establish Global Capability Centres (GCCs). These centers that were initially characterized by transactional back-office support have become advanced strategic units that have brought innovation, product development, and digital transformation to the parent organizations across the globe. Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Pune are some of the cities that have long ruled this landscape, providing deep talent pools, strong infrastructure and mature ecosystems that have drawn some of the largest enterprises in the world.
The Emergence of Tier-2 and Tier-3 Cities
But there is a major shift that is subtly changing the GCC story of India. More and more multinational corporations are seeking opportunities outside these Tier-1 cities and are now turning to newer urban centers in Tier-2 and Tier-3 areas. This shift is not merely a spill over of urban clogging in metros but a well-calculated move that signifies maturing requirements of international companies. The smaller cities of Coimbatore, Kochi, Indore, and Jaipur are also in focus due to their cost advantages, growing talent pools, better infrastructure, and favourable policy environment.Vinsys expertise training programs helps companies enhance their talent pool in Tier-2 cities, making them better equipped to handle the complexities of global operations.
This change is a turning point in the Indian position as a world leader in service delivery. The move to Tier-2 cities holds the potential of increasing operational resilience, human capital that remains unexplored, and a more decentralized model of growth that can transform the economic geography of India. With the world of business demanding agility in the rapidly evolving world, the emerging hubs in India are set to assume the center stage in driving the next generation of GCCs.
A Brief Evolution of India's Global Capability Centres:
The history of GCCs in India dates back to the late 1990s when multinational corporations discovered the potential of cost arbitrage in the country. They were originally established as Global In-house Centres (GICs) and their mandate was mainly to deal with routine and non-core business processes like IT support, payroll and customer service. These centers have over time been able to handle more complex tasks and have moved up the value chain to handle software development, financial analytics and process innovation.
By the mid-2010s, GCCs of India had become strategic assets to their parent organizations. They were no longer bound to transactional work but now were critical points in the global operations, innovators and creators of intellectual property. Indian GCCs are currently on the cutting-edge of providing high-value business outcomes, whether in terms of cutting-edge AI research or cybersecurity management, or product engineering. This change has entrenched India as a choice location to establish and grow GCC operations.
The Shift Beyond Tier-1 Cities
With Tier-1 cities in India still attracting more GCCs, they were bound to encounter the problems that come with fast urbanization. Increasing real estate prices, wage inflation, infrastructure pressure, and rising attrition rates began to chip away at some of their initial benefits. Companies started to see that their operations were concentrated in a limited number of congested urban centers, which was operationally risky, as it was demonstrated during the COVID-19 pandemic when centralized workforces were seriously disrupted.
This has prompted multinational corporations to be more distributed. The lower operational costs, presence of fresh talent and the improving infrastructure in Tier-2 cities made them attractive alternatives. These cities have a 30-50% cheaper cost structure, including real estate, employee salaries, giving corporations the financial space to invest in innovation and business continuity strategies.
In addition to cost benefits, Tier-2 cities have well-known universities and technical institutes that churn out high numbers of skilled graduates every year. This new source of talent is usually more stable as they have less competition in the local market and they are more connected to their hometowns and hence there is less rate of attrition as compared to Tier-1 cities where job-hopping is more common. This stability can provide organizations with a long-term benefit in workforce planning and capability building.
Infrastructure Growth and Policy Support
In the past, poor infrastructure in Tier-2 cities was a significant setback to multinational companies looking to expand. But this is fast changing. Urban facilities in smaller cities have been enhanced considerably due to the efforts of the Indian government, such as the Smart Cities Mission, and investment in digital and physical infrastructure. The availability of high speed internet connectivity, good power supply, improved airports, and improved road networks are now allowing businesses to establish and operate technology intensive operations beyond the metros.
The role of government policies in promoting this shift is also crucial. Some state governments are providing incentives in the form of tax breaks, subsidized land and simplified regulatory frameworks to encourage foreign investment in their states. This active assistance is in line with the Indian vision of balanced regional growth and employment in the entire country.
The Changing Nature of GCCs in Emerging Cities
In contrast to the early predecessors of GCCs, these GCCs in Tier-2 cities are no longer back-office support units but are being designed more and more as innovation hubs. Advanced tasks such as data analytics, AI/ML model development, cybersecurity operations, and even end-to-end R&D to global markets are being taken care of by these centers.
This change is an indication of a new way in which corporations perceive India not just as a place to undertake cost-efficient operations but as a partner to deliver strategic results. Multinational corporations are establishing resilient, future-ready operations that are dynamic enough to meet the needs of the global market by capitalizing on the special combination of new talent, cost advantages, and enhanced infrastructure in Tier-2 cities.
Addressing Challenges in the Transition
Although the opportunities look bright, there are challenges associated with spreading GCCs to Tier-2 cities. The supporting ecosystem of vendors, consulting firms and niche skill providers is less mature compared to Tier-1 hubs. This implies that corporations need to spend more on local supply chain development or collaborate with partners who have experience in these new markets.
Also, although the supply of talent is abundant in quantity, it is possible that niche skills and senior professionals will have to be brought in through other large metros or be developed internally through training programs. Some smaller cities have infrastructure that is also catching up, which might be lacking in some aspects such as international air connectivity, which might influence work with international teams.
These are however transition problems. With the increasing number of GCCs setting up shop in Tier-2 cities, the local ecosystems should mature, forming a positive feedback loop that will attract even more investment and talent.
The Future of GCCs in India
The future of GCCs in India Tier-2 cities is evidently on the rise. Analysts in the industry estimate that a large proportion of new GCC installations in the next ten years will be in these emerging hubs. With their expansion, these centers will tend to become self-sufficient innovation hubs, developing their own startup, service provider, and academic partnership ecosystems.
Such decentralization does not only increase the resilience of business operations but also spreads economic growth throughout India. It has the potential to establish new urban growth centers that can compete with Tier-1 metros in terms of talent quality and sophistication of operations.
The Role of Vinsys in India's GCC Evolution
At Vinsys, we understand the complexities of this evolving landscape. With over 25 years of experience in training and workforce development. Vinsys a Microsoft Certified Partner help organizations prepare their teams to deliver high-value outcomes in GCC environments. Vinsys IT Services India Limited provide tailored programs in leadership, cybersecurity, cloud technologies, and emerging domains equip professionals with the skills to thrive in the global business ecosystem. As Vinsys is a trusted partner for many global accrediation bodies, ensure that your GCC teams are not only future-ready but also capable of driving transformative results.
Conclusion
India's Tier-2 cities are no longer peripheral to the GCC story—they are fast becoming integral to its next chapter. For multinational corporations, exploring these emerging locations offers a strategic opportunity to build cost-efficient, resilient, and innovation-driven operations.