
Cambodia issues ultimatum to Thailand after soldier's death
The ultimatum was issued by former Cambodian prime minister and current senate president Hun Sen, who demanded Thailand restore normal operating hours at border crossings.
The trade ban threat follows a military skirmish on 28 May in the Emerald Triangle, a disputed area, that resulted in the death of one Cambodian soldier.
Both countries have blamed each other for the incident, claiming self-defence.
Cambodia has also submitted a request to the International Court of Justice (ICJ) seeking arbitration on four contested areas, including the site of the May clash, after bilateral talks failed.
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The Independent
5 hours ago
- The Independent
The UN's highest court will decide Wednesday on the climate obligations of countries
The UN's highest court is handing down a historic opinion on climate change Wednesday, a decision that could set a legal benchmark for action around the globe to the climate crisis. After years of lobbying by vulnerable island nations who fear they could disappear under rising sea waters, the U.N. General Assembly asked the International Court of Justice in 2023 for an advisory opinion, a non-binding but important basis for international obligations. A panel of 15 judges was tasked with answering two questions. First, what are countries obliged to do under international law to protect the climate and environment from human-caused greenhouse gas emissions? Second, what are the legal consequences for governments when their acts, or lack of action, have significantly harmed the climate and environment? 'The stakes could not be higher. The survival of my people and so many others is on the line,' Arnold Kiel Loughman, attorney general of the island nation of Vanuatu, told the court during a week of hearings in December. In the decade up to 2023, sea levels have risen by a global average of around 4.3 centimeters (1.7 inches), with parts of the Pacific rising higher still. The world has also warmed 1.3 degrees Celsius (2.3 Fahrenheit) since preindustrial times because of the burning of fossil fuels. Vanuatu is one of a group of small states pushing for international legal intervention in the climate crisis but it affects many more island nations in the South Pacific. 'The agreements being made at an international level between states are not moving fast enough,' Ralph Regenvanu, Vanuatu's minister for climate change, told The Associated Press. Any decision by The Hague-based court would be non-binding advice and unable to directly force wealthy nations into action to help struggling countries. Yet it would be more than just a powerful symbol, since it could serve as the basis for other legal actions, including domestic lawsuits. 'What makes this case so important is that it addresses the past, present, and future of climate action. It's not just about future targets -- it also tackles historical responsibility, because we cannot solve the climate crisis without confronting its roots,' Joie Chowdhury, a senior attorney at the Center for International Environmental Law, told AP. Activists could bring lawsuits against their own countries for failing to comply with the decision and states could return to the International Court of Justice to hold each other to account. And whatever the judges say will be used as the basis for other legal instruments, like investment agreements, Chowdhury said. The United States and Russia, both of whom are major petroleum-producing states, are staunchly opposed to the court mandating emissions reductions. Simply having the court issue an opinion is the latest in a series of legal victories for the small island nations. Earlier this month, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights found that countries have a legal duty not only to avoid environmental harm but also to protect and restore ecosystems. Last year, the European Court of Human Rights ruled that countries must better protect their people from the consequences of climate change. In 2019, the Netherlands' Supreme court handed down the first major legal win for climate activists when judges ruled that protection from the potentially devastating effects of climate change was a human right and that the government has a duty to protect its citizens. ___ The Associated Press' climate and environmental coverage receives financial support from multiple private foundations. AP is solely responsible for all content. Find AP's standards for working with philanthropies, a list of supporters and funded coverage areas at


Reuters
a day ago
- Reuters
Thai cabinet picks Vitai Ratanakorn as next central bank chief
BANGKOK, July 22 (Reuters) - Thailand's cabinet gave its approval on Tuesday for Vitai Ratanakorn to take over as the next central bank governor and revive an economy in the doldrums with limited monetary policy room to work with. The appointment of Vitai, 54, the president and CEO of the Government Savings Bank, would be subject to royal approval before he starts a five-year term on October 1. He was picked over central bank veteran and deputy governor Roong Mallikamas. Vitai would succeed Sethaput Suthiwartnarueput, who has reached retirement age. The cabinet approval for Vitai was announced by government spokesperson Jirayu Huangsap. The Bank of Thailand's next governor faces a big challenge with an economy shackled by tepid consumption, weak lending, stubbornly high household debt and steep U.S. tariffs. Vitai has a master's degree in finance from Drexel University in the United States, as well as degrees in economics and law from Thailand's Chulalongkorn and Thammasat universities. Some analysts expect his appointment to improve the working relationship of the central bank and the Pheu Thai party-led government, which has previously clashed with Sethaput over interest rates and monetary policy settings. "There should be no issue of conflict," said Natapon Khamthakrue, an analyst at Yuanta Securities. "Vitai's approach is likely to be more relaxed compared to someone from the central bank, but making significant adjustments within the central bank might not be easy due to existing regulations." However, Natapon cautioned that "there needs to be careful consideration to avoid the perception of excessive government interference". Last year, Prime Minister Paetongtarn Shinawatra, before she was premier, said central bank independence stood in the way of solving economic problems. In a social media post earlier this month, Vitai said he has acted independently and without influence from any groups in his career, prioritising the public interest. Last month, he said there was a need to cut interest rates deeply to support a stagnant economy. The central bank late last month left the key interest rate unchanged, underlining the need to save some policy ammunition after three cuts from October that brought the key rate to 1.75%, the lowest in over two years. The next rate review is August 13. Kobsidthi Silpachai, head of Capital Markets Research at Kasikornbank, said Vitai should help coordinate monetary policy with government policy. Finance Minister Pichai Chunhavajira said the same, adding the top priority should be solving Thailand's debt issues. "The most urgent and biggest issue is debt," he told reporters. "Regarding monetary policy, the central bank has independence, but it must work to support policies that align with driving the economy and government policy." Chamadanai Marknual, an economist at Krungthai Bank, said the new governor would likely uphold the central bank's independence and as an outsider, Vitai could push for more preemptive policy. "Having someone who has never worked at the central bank before may have an outside-in perspective," Chamadanai said. "There is very limited room for fiscal measures, so adopting relaxed policies might be the right answer."


Reuters
a day ago
- Reuters
Thailand's next central bank chief champions rate cuts to revive growth
BANGKOK, July 22 (Reuters) - Vitai Ratanakorn, the incoming governor of the Bank of Thailand, by his own admission, will start his new job in October at a difficult time. Growth in Southeast Asia's second-largest economy has stalled, tense negotiations with the United States over trade tariffs continue, industrial sentiment is tepid and critical sectors, including tourism and manufacturing, aren't firing. "We must accept that the Thai economy is not doing so well," Vitai, who has been approved by the cabinet as the next central bank chief but awaits royal endorsement, told reporters last week. "And what is worrying is the sluggishness that may be prolonged." The 54-year-old, who currently serves as president and chief executive of the Government Savings Bank, Thailand's largest state-owned lender, has a prescription: more rate cuts. The central bank late last month left the key interest rate unchanged, underlining the need to save some policy ammunition, after cuts in October, February and April. Those reductions brought the one-day repurchase rate (THCBIR=ECI), opens new tab to 1.75%, the lowest in more than two years. "Proactive easing is important," Vitai told Thai financial daily Krungthep Turakij on June 20, when he was locked in the race for the top job with central bank insider Roong Mallikamas. "It's not just another one or two cuts. We may have to reduce them for a long time and more deeply. So, from 1.75%, if you ask me personally, I think it can go down much further." Thailand's ruling Pheu Thai party, which took power in 2023, has been at loggerheads with current Bank of Thailand chief Sethaput Suthiwartnarueput for not cutting rates enough to support a sluggish economy. In May last year, before she became prime minister, Pheu Thai leader Paetongtarn Shinawatra said the central bank's independence was an "obstacle" in resolving economic problems, underlining the scale of the friction. Vitai's stance will likely tone down some of that conflict, but it has also raised questions about his own ability to lead the central bank without succumbing to pressure from the ruling party - an issue he has publicly addressed. "I am confident that I can make decisions independently, based on principles and prioritising the nation's interests, free from the influence of any groups," Vitai wrote on his Facebook page on July 8. Vitai studied economics and law at Thailand's Chulalongkorn and Thammasat universities, and finance at Drexel University in the United States, and entered the Thai private sector, where he worked at Charoen Pokphand Group and budget carrier Nok Air. A former colleague, who worked alongside Vitai at a private firm, described him as a team player who preferred to work with consensus. "He is more of a practicalist than a theorist, focusing on getting the job done," he said, asking not to be named because he is not authorised to speak to media. In 2018, Vitai was appointed the Secretary-General of the Government Pension Fund, which manages assets worth about 1.4 trillion baht ($43 billion), and two years later became the head of the Government Savings Bank. Thirachai Phuvanatnaranubala, a former Thai finance minister, said Vitai's long experience as a government banker should help him manage relationships with senior finance ministry leadership. "However, his lack of work experience and zero exposure to high level macro public policy is a cause for concern," Thirachai told Reuters.