Brazil 2025 public debt seen rising by double-digits, rate-linked bonds soar
The Treasury's annual financing plan sees debt ranging from 8.1 trillion reais to 8.5 trillion reais ($1.47 trillion) in 2025, up from the 7.316 trillion reais recorded in December.
It also stressed the continued strategy of issuing conventional and sustainable bonds to provide a reference for the Brazilian sovereign yield curve, adding it "may use external liability management operations to enhance the efficiency of the yield curve."
The Treasury estimated that the share of debt linked to the benchmark Selic interest rate will account for 48% to 52% of the total this year, after rising to 46.3% in 2024.
These floating-rate bonds, known as LFTs, reached their highest share in 20 years last year, amid intense volatility from shifting interest rate expectations in the U.S. and concerns over Brazil's growing indebtedness.
According to Treasury Secretary Rogerio Ceron, the strategy of increasing the share of floating-rate bonds aligns with market appetite.
"There is no point in working against market demand," he said at the press conference.
Such securities are typically more appealing to investors during periods of heightened risk perception but leave debt costs vulnerable to sharp increases when interest rates go up.
Last week, Brazil's central bank raised rates by 100 basis points to reach 13.25% while signaling a matching hike in March to curb inflation. Prices in Latin America's largest economy are currently pressured by robust economic activity and a weaker currency amid lingering fiscal woes and a challenging global backdrop.
Each rate increase is immediately passed on to servicing costs of almost half of Brazil's hefty debt burden. The gross debt of the South American nation closed 2024 at 76.1% of gross domestic product (GDP), a level deemed high among emerging market peers.
The Treasury maintained its long-term goal of reducing the share of LFTs in total debt to 23% by 2035, but Daniel Leal, the Treasury's deputy secretary for public debt, said that reaching this optimal level within a ten-year horizon may not be feasible.
"This may take a little longer," he said, adding he did not believe the increased share of these bonds in total debt was hindering the transmission of monetary policy.
Leal also highlighted that the Treasury began the year with a much more balanced debt management approach, noting that January auctions were "quite successful," with volumes significantly higher than those seen immediately before.
($1 = 5.7669 reais)
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