10 surprising symptoms of Celiac disease you might be ignoring

Time of India

6 days ago

Celiac disease
, often thought of as causing only digestive issues like bloating, diarrhea, or abdominal pain, affects approximately 1% of the global population. While the disease is common, many cases remain undiagnosed.
However, this autoimmune disorder, triggered by gluten in wheat, rye, and barley, can manifest in dozens of unexpected ways. If left undiagnosed, it can silently contribute to long-term complications like osteoporosis, neurological decline, and infertility.
Unchecked celiac disease often results in symptoms affecting your skin, bones, nervous system, reproductive health, and more. However, recognizing common signs, an early diagnosis, and a strict gluten-free diet can transform your quality of life, fixing hidden health problems and preventing serious long-term complications.
In this article, we'll unveil ten surprising yet telling symptoms of celiac disease that you may unknowingly be ignoring.
Dermatitis Herpetiformis
Unlike eczema or psoriasis, dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) is unique to celiac disease: small, intensely itchy clusters of blisters appear on elbows, knees, scalp, or buttocks. These itchy blistering rashes happen due to IgA antibody deposits in the skin, triggered by gluten. Though only about
5-10%
of patients exhibit DH, it's a definitive cutaneous marker of underlying gluten-triggered autoimmunity, and often clears completely on a gluten-free diet.
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Iron‑deficiency anemia and consistent fatigue
Iron is absorbed in the part of the small intestine typically damaged by celiac disease. Malabsorption in the damaged upper small intestine inhibits iron absorption, leading to chronic iron-deficiency anemia. This common yet often overlooked effect paints a portrait of persistent fatigue, pale complexion, shortness of breath, and weakness. In fact, as per the
Celiac Disease Foundation
, nearly 11% of unexplained iron-deficiency anemia cases are later diagnosed as celiac disease.
Addressing anemia without investigating underlying causes can delay an important diagnosis.
Peripheral neuropathy (tingling, numbness, burning)
According to the
Mayo Clinic
, up to 10% of celiac patients experience peripheral neuropathy or nerve damage. Symptoms of peripheral neuropathy include tingling, burning, or numbness in the hands and feet, even when no digestive signs are present. According to a
2021 study
, the prevalence may be even higher (up to 42%) in untreated cases and is thought to stem from nutrient malabsorption and immune-mediated nerve damage.
Migraines, headaches, and brain fog
Frequent headaches, migraines, and cognitive haziness, or '
brain fog
', are surprisingly common symptoms in the case of celiac disease, which people tend to ignore. Chronic inflammation, nutrient deficiencies (like B vitamins), and gluten-related neurological impacts can dull concentration and memory. These neurological symptoms often improve substantially on a gluten-free diet.
Joint pain and arthralgia
This one's to be taken note of. Many patients report joint aches or stiffness, sometimes diagnosed as arthritis. Arthralgia, or joint pain and stiffness, often misdiagnosed as arthritis, can be the result of systemic immune inflammation caused by gluten exposure. As per a
2018 study
, nearly 30% of patients report joint improvement after eliminating gluten.
Bone density loss, osteoporosis, and fracture risk
In celiac disease, damage to the small intestine reduces calcium and vitamin D absorption, compromising
bone health
, leading to an elevated risk of osteomalacia, osteopenia, osteoporosis, and fractures, even in younger adults. Many individuals don't recognize bone weakness until bone scans reveal it. Maintaining strong bones requires both nutrition and gluten removal.
Reproductive challenges (infertility, miscarriage, hormonal irregularities)
Malabsorption and chronic inflammation can impair reproductive health.
Women with undiagnosed celiac
may experience irregular cycles, amenorrhea, infertility, or recurrent miscarriages. As the Mayo Clinic suggests, adhering to a gluten-free diet can normalize fertility and reduce pregnancy complications.
Oral health issues (canker sores and enamel defects)
These are not common oral issues we are talking about that come to pay us a vist once in a while. Persistent mouth ulcers, burning tongue (atrophic glossitis), and serious dental enamel problems like pitting or translucent spots are often associated with celiac disease due to malabsorption of vitamins B12, folate, and minerals.
In children, enamel defects may even signal undiagnosed celiac long before other symptoms emerge.
Mood disorders (anxiety, depression, cognitive decline)
This is more than simple mood swings. Celiac disease, as per
research
, is increasingly linked to mental health issues such as anxiety, depression, mood swings, ADHD-like attention problems, and even insomnia. These neuropsychiatric symptoms may result from autoimmune processes, nutrient depletion, or chronic inflammation.
Many individuals report improved mood and mental clarity post-diagnosis.
Vertigo, balance issues, and ataxia
Gluten-related neurological impacts aren't limited to headaches. Conditions like
gluten ataxia
, characterized by poor coordination, dizziness, involuntary eye movements, and balance issues, can occur in celiac sufferers. If left untreated, motor dysfunction may become permanent.
Why early detection is important:
Celiac disease, estimated to affect up to 1% of people worldwide, remains undiagnosed in up to 70–80% cases, often because they don't show classic digestive complaints.
These 'non-classic' symptoms can manifest across multiple systems. Persistent unexplained issues in any of these areas indicate a celiac evaluation, which might include serology tests (tTG-IgA) and confirmatory small-bowel biopsy.
If you endure persistent, unexplained symptoms, even in the absence of digestive distress, don't overlook celiac disease. Consult with a healthcare provider and get tested. Early diagnosis and a strict gluten-free diet can transform your quality of life, fixing hidden health problems and preventing serious long-term complications.
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