Israel's leader claims no one in Gaza is starving. Data and witnesses disagree
Gaza's Health Ministry puts the number even higher, reporting 82 deaths this month of malnutrition-related causes: 24 children and 58 adults.
On Monday, it said that 14 deaths were reported in the past 24 hours. The ministry, which operates under the Hamas government, is headed by medical professionals and is seen by the UN as the most reliable source of data on casualties.
UN agencies also often confirm numbers through other partners on the ground.
The Patient's Friends Hospital, the main emergency centre for malnourished children in northern Gaza, says this month it saw, for the first time, malnutrition deaths in children who had no pre-existing conditions.
Some adults who died suffered from such illnesses as diabetes or had heart or kidney ailments made worse by starvation, Gaza medical officials said.
The WHO also says that acute malnutrition in northern Gaza tripled this month, reaching nearly one in five children under the age of five, and has doubled in central and southern Gaza. The UN says Gaza's only four specialised treatment centres for malnutrition are 'overwhelmed'.
The leading international authority on food crises, the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification, has warned of famine for months in Gaza but has not formally declared one, citing the lack of data as Israel restricts access to the territory.
Aid trucks are overrun
The measures announced by Israel late on Saturday include 10-hour daily humanitarian pauses in fighting in three heavily populated areas so that UN trucks can more easily distribute food.
Still, UN World Food Program spokesperson Martin Penner said the agency's 55 trucks of aid that entered Gaza on Monday via the Zikim and Kerem Shalom crossings were looted by starving people before they reached WFP warehouses.
Experts say that airdrops, another measure Israel announced, are insufficient for the immense need in Gaza and dangerous to people on the ground. Israel's military says 48 food packages were dropped on Sunday and Monday.
Palestinians say they want a full return to the UN-led aid distribution system that was in place throughout the war, rather than the Israeli-backed mechanism that began in May.
Witnesses and health workers say Israeli forces have killed hundreds of people by opening fire on Palestinians trying to reach those food distribution hubs or while they crowded around arriving aid trucks. Israel's military says it has fired warning shots to disperse threats.
The UN and partners say the best way to bring food into Gaza is by truck, and they have called repeatedly for Israel to loosen restrictions on their entry. A truck carries about 19 tons of supplies.
Israel's military says that as of July 21, some 95,435 trucks of aid have entered Gaza since the war began. That's an average of 146 a day, and far below the 500 to 600 the UN says are needed.
The rate has sometimes been as low as half of that for several months at a time. Nothing went in for 2½ months starting in March because Israel imposed a complete blockade on food, fuel and other supplies entering Gaza.
Distribution is difficult and slow
The UN says that delivering aid that is permitted into Gaza has become increasingly difficult.
When aid enters, it is left just inside the border in Gaza, and the UN must get Israeli military permission to send trucks to pick it up. But the UN says the military has denied or impeded just over half of the movement requests for its trucks in the past three months.
If the UN succeeds in picking up the aid, hungry crowds and armed gangs swarm the convoys and strip them of supplies. The Hamas-run civilian police once provided security along some routes, but that stopped after Israel targeted them with airstrikes.
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