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How 133 men will elect the next pope explained

How 133 men will elect the next pope explained

9 News04-05-2025
Your web browser is no longer supported. To improve your experience update it here In just days, Catholic cardinals from around the world will gather in conclave to choose a new spiritual leader for the 1.4 billion-strong global church. The new pope will be the successor to Francis I, who died on April 21 at age 88 after a 12-year papacy. Here's everything you need to know about one of the world's longest-running electoral processes. The cardinals will soon elect a new pope. (AP) The cardinals have selected May 7 as the date to enter conclave, the Vatican announced last week. On that day, the cardinal electors will participate in a Eucharistic celebration known as the Mass Pro Eligendo Papa, at about 10am local time (6pm AEST May 7). Later in the day, they will then take an oath of secrecy before the Master of Pontifical Liturgical Celebrations proclaims "extra omnes," (meaning "Those who are extra, leave"). The moment will be the last time the cardinals are seen until the new pope is elected, which requires a two-thirds majority from the electors present. They are anticipated to file into the Sistine Chapel at around 4:45pm local time (12:45am AEST May 8). The voting will begin on May 7. (AP) The electors will be sequestered in the iconic Sistine Chapel, which was built in the 16th century. Most conclaves have historically been held in Rome, with some taking place outside the Vatican walls. On 15 occasions they took place outside Rome and the Vatican altogether, including in Viterbo, Perugia, Arezzo and Venice in Italy, and Konstanz, Germany, and Lyon, France. The conclave will take place in the famous Sistine Chapel. (Wikimedia Commons) The conclave is open to all cardinals under the age of 80, which means there will be 135 eligible to choose the next pope. However, two cardinals, Antonio Cañizares Llovera and Vinko Puljic have withdrawn, citing health reasons. Another cardinal, Giovanni Angelo Becciu – who had previously claimed he could participate in conclave even though he is listed by the Vatican as a "non-elector" – has also withdrawn his request to join the upcoming conclave. Monsignor Angelo Becciu has withdrawn his request to take part in the conclave. (AP) Becciu, once one of the most powerful figures in the Vatican, was ordered by Pope Francis in 2020 to resign the "rights and privileges" of a cardinal after he became embroiled in a Vatican financial scandal. Becciu was convicted by a Vatican court in 2023, but has appealed. About four-fifths of the cardinals who will elect the next pope were appointed by Francis. The new pope must receive at least two-thirds of the votes of the gathered cardinals. That means if 133 electors are involved, the next pope will need to receive at least 89 votes (two-thirds of 133 is about 88.67). There is a single ballot on the first day, followed by two ballots in the morning and the afternoon on subsequent days. After every ballot, a smoke signal will be sent from the Sistine Chapel's chimney - black smoke if no pope has been chosen, white smoke if one has. White smoke will signal the election of a new pope. (AP) As long as they need. The voting goes on until somebody is chosen, and the cardinals remain in seclusion (the word "conclave" is derived from a Latin phrase meaning "with a key", denoting the literally locked-up status of the electors during the process). Before 1274, there were times when a pope was elected the same day as the death of his predecessor. After that, however, the church decided to wait at least 10 days before the first vote. Later that was extended to 15 days to give all cardinals time to get to Rome. Clergy follow the funeral of Pope Francis in St Peter's Square at the Vatican. (AP Photo/Alessandra Tarantino) The quickest conclave observing the 10-day wait rule appears to have been the 1503 election of Pope Julius II, who was elected in just a few hours, according to Vatican historian Ambrogio Piazzoni. In more recent times, Pope Francis was elected in 2013 on the fifth ballot, Benedict XVI won in 2005 on the fourth and Pope Pius XII won on the third in 1939. In the 13th century, it took almost three years – 1006 days to be exact – to choose Pope Clement IV's successor, making it the longest conclave in the Catholic Church's history. There is no requirement that a pope be a cardinal, but that has been the case for centuries. The last time a pope was elected who wasn't a cardinal was Urban VI in 1378. He was a monk and archbishop of Bari. While the Italians have had a stranglehold on the papacy over centuries, there have been many exceptions aside from John Paul II (Polish) in 1978, and Benedict XVI (German) in 2005, and Francis (Argentine) in 2013. Alexander VI, elected in 1492, was Spanish; Gregory III, elected in 731, was Syrian; Adrian VI, elected in 1522, was from the Netherlands. With Associated Press, CNN. Catholic
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Donald Trump to hike tariffs on India for buying Russian oil

The Age

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Donald Trump to hike tariffs on India for buying Russian oil

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Tesla hands the world's richest man a $44 billion payday
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9 News

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  • 9 News

Tesla hands the world's richest man a $44 billion payday

Your web browser is no longer supported. To improve your experience update it here Tesla has given Elon Musk a stock grant of $US29 billion ($44.79 billion) as a reward for years of 'transformative and unprecedented" growth despite a recent foray into right-wing politics that has hurt its sales, profits and its stock price. In giving its billionaire chief executive 96 million in restricted shares, the electric car company noted that Musk had not been paid in years because a Delaware court rejected his 2018 compensation package. The award comes eight months after a judge revoked the 2018 pay package a second time. Tesla has appealed the ruling. Elon Musk will wield more control of Tesla after being handed 96 million more shares in the company. He is pictured speaking at a conservative conference earlier this year. (AP) Tesla on Monday (Tuesday AEST) called the grant a 'first step, good faith' way of retaining Musk and keeping him focused, citing his leadership of SpaceX, xAI and other companies. Musk said recently that he needed more shares and control to stop activist shareholders from ousting him. 'Rewarding Elon for what he has done and continues to do for Tesla is the right thing to do,' the company said in a regulatory filing, citing an increase of $US735 billion in Tesla's value on the stock market since 2018. Tesla shares have plunged 25 per cent this year largely due to blowback over Musk's affiliation with US President Donald Trump. But Tesla also faces intensifying competition from both the big Detroit car makers, and from China. In its most recent quarter, Tesla reported that quarterly profits plunged from $US1.39 billion to $US409 million. Revenue also fell and the company fell short of even the lowered expectations on Wall Street. Investors have grown increasingly worried about the trajectory of the company after Musk had spent so much time in Washington this year, becoming one of the most prominent officials in the Trump administration in its bid to slash the size of the US government. Tesla vehicles at the company's store in Warminster, Pennsylvania, last month. (Bloomberg) The electric vehicle maker said in the regulatory filing that Musk must first pay Tesla $US23.34 a share of restricted stock that vests, which is equal to the exercise price per share of the 2018 pay package. In December, Delaware Chancellor Kathleen McCormick reaffirmed her earlier ruling that Tesla must revoke Musk's multibillion-dollar pay package. She found that Musk engineered the landmark pay package in sham negotiations with directors who were not independent. The rulings came in a lawsuit filed by a Tesla stockholder who challenged Musk's 2018 compensation package. That pay package carried a potential maximum value of about $US56 billion, but that sum has fluctuated over the years based on Tesla's stock price. Musk appealed the order in March. A month later Tesla said in a regulatory filing that it was creating a special committee to look at Musk's compensation as CEO. Musk has been one of the richest people in the world for several years. Wedbush analyst Dan Ives feels Musk's stock award may alleviate some Tesla shareholder concerns. 'We believe this grant will now keep Musk as CEO of Tesla at least until 2030 and removes an overhang on the stock,' Ives wrote in a client note. 'Musk remains Tesla's big asset and this comp issue has been a constant concern of shareholders once the Delaware soap opera began.' Under pressure from shareholders last month, Tesla scheduled an annual shareholders meeting for November to comply with Texas state law. A group of more than 20 Tesla shareholders, which have watched Tesla shares plummet, said in a letter to the company that it needed to at least provide public notice of the annual meeting. finance World TESLA elon musk CONTACT US Auto news: Honda here to stay in Australia, announces growth plans.

Public schools lose almost 2000 students as Hunter parents go independent
Public schools lose almost 2000 students as Hunter parents go independent

The Advertiser

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Public schools lose almost 2000 students as Hunter parents go independent

in KYLIE Wales is not a religious person, but when it came time for her daughter to move schools, she picked a faith-affiliated option. She's one of many parents making the jump to independent education, as Catholic and public schools across Newcastle, Lake Macquarie and the Hunter face increasing competition and dwindling enrolments. Ms Wales said her daughter Charlotte, in Year Two, went to a government school for the first few years, but it just wasn't a great fit. "We had her in public school, and she was part of the COVID-19 era," she said. "We had noticed that our daughter wasn't progressing like we would have hoped and thought." A new Association of Independent Schools of NSW (AINSW) report shows a growing shift in parents' preferences from 2019 to 2024. Public schools lost a combined 1,874 students between 2019 and 2024, down 470 students in Newcastle and Lake Macquarie and 1,377 in the Hunter Valley. Through friends who had made a similar move, the Wales' decided to check out Fletcher independent school, Bishop Tyrrell Anglican College. "We were just blown away with the tour around the school, the facilities, and the genuine vibe," she said. "Our daughter just gelled straight away." Ms Wales said Bishop Tyrrell Anglican College was able to better communicate what was going on at school and said it was an "absolute shame" public schools were not funded as well as they should be. Acting Minister for Education and Early Learning Courtney Houssos maintained NSW public schools offer a world-class education, and said the state government has made "record investment" into ensuring children have access to opportunities. "We are building new and expanded schools in growing regional communities that the former Liberal and National government failed to plan for, and delivering 49 new fee-free public preschools into regional areas where they are needed most," she said. 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"These enhancements will enable the schools to deliver High Potential and Gifted Education programs and opportunities that extend student learning across a range of subjects, as part of the government's broader commitment to expand gifted education across every public school," she said. "With the NSW government investment to address the teacher shortage crisis, including scrapping the wages cap, delivering a historic pay rise for teachers, reducing excessive administration workload, and making thousands of teachers permanent, schools in regional NSW started the 2025 school year with 47 per cent fewer vacancies than the same time in 2023." According to the AINSW report, despite having fewer schools than the public sector, independent schools gained more enrolments than any other sector in 25 out of 28 statistical areas. In Newcastle and Lake Macquarie, independent schools saw a 4.3 per cent average annual growth, and in the Hunter Valley, the growth was 4.5 per cent from 2019 to 2024. Ms Wales said she felt Bishop Tyrrell Anglican College offered more extracurricular activities and excursions, and said the learning support, pastoral care and communication with parents were a good fit for her family. "It was a smaller school, and that was something that we wanted access to," she said. "We have access to a system where you get photos of what's happening at the school, and their timetable," she said. "For me, it was the ability to reach out to teachers as well, so it felt like it could be a joint learning journey." In NSW, there are 301 faith-based independent schools, representing 15 different religions and 129 non-faith schools. AINSW chief executive Margery Evans said the independent sector gives families a diverse choice of schools. "There are several different faiths represented in the sector, as well as non-faith schools based on a philosophical approach such as Steiner schools or The Nature School," she said. Independent schools set their own fees, and the median fee charged is less than $6000 each year. Ms Evans said independent schools try to keep costs down, understanding parents make sacrifices to give their children an education that reflects their values and meets their child's needs. "Independent schools have more freedom to provide an education that reflects different aspects of Australia's diverse faiths and cultures," she said. "There is literally an independent school to suit every family." Enrolments at Catholic schools in Newcastle and Lake Macquarie have dropped by an average of 0.2 per cent per year, while enrolments in independent schools grew at an average of 4.3 per cent. Catholic Schools Maitland-Newcastle director Jaqueline Wilkinson said the natural fluctuation is "entirely normal". "A 0.2 per cent annual shift reflects the natural ebb and flow that occurs across all school sectors over time," she said. "In contrast, Catholic Schools Maitland-Newcastle has seen consistent growth in regional areas, particularly the Hunter Valley, which aligns with population growth and increasing demand for affordable, high-quality Catholic education." Despite an overall increase in students identifying as "no religion" across all NSW schools, the Catholic sector has seen a decrease in students identifying with the Catholic faith from 78 per cent in 2011 to 67 per cent in 2021. In the Hunter Valley, Catholic enrolments have risen by 1,608 students since 2019, an average growth of 3.5 per cent annually. Ms Wilkinson put the swell down to significant investments in schools like Rosary Park Primary at Branxton, St Bede's Catholic College at Chisholm and others in Maitland and Lochinvar. "These investments have expanded our capacity and enabled more than 2,000 students to access a Catholic education in the Maitland LGA," she said. "Enrolment decisions are influenced by a wide range of local and personal factors. "While some trends may appear in the data, interpreting them in a meaningful way is often speculative." Mr Wilkinson said many families choose schools that reflect their values and priorities, and Catholic education continues to resonate with those "seeking a strong sense of community and purpose". in KYLIE Wales is not a religious person, but when it came time for her daughter to move schools, she picked a faith-affiliated option. She's one of many parents making the jump to independent education, as Catholic and public schools across Newcastle, Lake Macquarie and the Hunter face increasing competition and dwindling enrolments. Ms Wales said her daughter Charlotte, in Year Two, went to a government school for the first few years, but it just wasn't a great fit. "We had her in public school, and she was part of the COVID-19 era," she said. "We had noticed that our daughter wasn't progressing like we would have hoped and thought." A new Association of Independent Schools of NSW (AINSW) report shows a growing shift in parents' preferences from 2019 to 2024. Public schools lost a combined 1,874 students between 2019 and 2024, down 470 students in Newcastle and Lake Macquarie and 1,377 in the Hunter Valley. Through friends who had made a similar move, the Wales' decided to check out Fletcher independent school, Bishop Tyrrell Anglican College. "We were just blown away with the tour around the school, the facilities, and the genuine vibe," she said. "Our daughter just gelled straight away." Ms Wales said Bishop Tyrrell Anglican College was able to better communicate what was going on at school and said it was an "absolute shame" public schools were not funded as well as they should be. Acting Minister for Education and Early Learning Courtney Houssos maintained NSW public schools offer a world-class education, and said the state government has made "record investment" into ensuring children have access to opportunities. "We are building new and expanded schools in growing regional communities that the former Liberal and National government failed to plan for, and delivering 49 new fee-free public preschools into regional areas where they are needed most," she said. "We have also invested in significant upgrades to facilities in existing schools like science labs, creative spaces and performance facilities, delivering on Deputy Premier Prue Car's commitment to expand access to High Potential and Gifted education opportunities to every public school." The state government invested $1.4 billion in rural and regional schools in the 2024-25 Budget. The 2025-26 Budget includes $2.1 billion over the next four years to deliver new and upgraded schools across regional NSW, including new schools in Medowie and Huntlee. A NSW Department of Education spokeswoman said the state government is also investing $100 million in upgrades at 33 public high schools, including Muswellbrook High School and Lake Macquarie High School. "These enhancements will enable the schools to deliver High Potential and Gifted Education programs and opportunities that extend student learning across a range of subjects, as part of the government's broader commitment to expand gifted education across every public school," she said. "With the NSW government investment to address the teacher shortage crisis, including scrapping the wages cap, delivering a historic pay rise for teachers, reducing excessive administration workload, and making thousands of teachers permanent, schools in regional NSW started the 2025 school year with 47 per cent fewer vacancies than the same time in 2023." According to the AINSW report, despite having fewer schools than the public sector, independent schools gained more enrolments than any other sector in 25 out of 28 statistical areas. In Newcastle and Lake Macquarie, independent schools saw a 4.3 per cent average annual growth, and in the Hunter Valley, the growth was 4.5 per cent from 2019 to 2024. Ms Wales said she felt Bishop Tyrrell Anglican College offered more extracurricular activities and excursions, and said the learning support, pastoral care and communication with parents were a good fit for her family. "It was a smaller school, and that was something that we wanted access to," she said. "We have access to a system where you get photos of what's happening at the school, and their timetable," she said. "For me, it was the ability to reach out to teachers as well, so it felt like it could be a joint learning journey." In NSW, there are 301 faith-based independent schools, representing 15 different religions and 129 non-faith schools. AINSW chief executive Margery Evans said the independent sector gives families a diverse choice of schools. "There are several different faiths represented in the sector, as well as non-faith schools based on a philosophical approach such as Steiner schools or The Nature School," she said. Independent schools set their own fees, and the median fee charged is less than $6000 each year. Ms Evans said independent schools try to keep costs down, understanding parents make sacrifices to give their children an education that reflects their values and meets their child's needs. "Independent schools have more freedom to provide an education that reflects different aspects of Australia's diverse faiths and cultures," she said. "There is literally an independent school to suit every family." Enrolments at Catholic schools in Newcastle and Lake Macquarie have dropped by an average of 0.2 per cent per year, while enrolments in independent schools grew at an average of 4.3 per cent. Catholic Schools Maitland-Newcastle director Jaqueline Wilkinson said the natural fluctuation is "entirely normal". "A 0.2 per cent annual shift reflects the natural ebb and flow that occurs across all school sectors over time," she said. "In contrast, Catholic Schools Maitland-Newcastle has seen consistent growth in regional areas, particularly the Hunter Valley, which aligns with population growth and increasing demand for affordable, high-quality Catholic education." Despite an overall increase in students identifying as "no religion" across all NSW schools, the Catholic sector has seen a decrease in students identifying with the Catholic faith from 78 per cent in 2011 to 67 per cent in 2021. In the Hunter Valley, Catholic enrolments have risen by 1,608 students since 2019, an average growth of 3.5 per cent annually. Ms Wilkinson put the swell down to significant investments in schools like Rosary Park Primary at Branxton, St Bede's Catholic College at Chisholm and others in Maitland and Lochinvar. "These investments have expanded our capacity and enabled more than 2,000 students to access a Catholic education in the Maitland LGA," she said. "Enrolment decisions are influenced by a wide range of local and personal factors. "While some trends may appear in the data, interpreting them in a meaningful way is often speculative." Mr Wilkinson said many families choose schools that reflect their values and priorities, and Catholic education continues to resonate with those "seeking a strong sense of community and purpose". in KYLIE Wales is not a religious person, but when it came time for her daughter to move schools, she picked a faith-affiliated option. She's one of many parents making the jump to independent education, as Catholic and public schools across Newcastle, Lake Macquarie and the Hunter face increasing competition and dwindling enrolments. Ms Wales said her daughter Charlotte, in Year Two, went to a government school for the first few years, but it just wasn't a great fit. "We had her in public school, and she was part of the COVID-19 era," she said. "We had noticed that our daughter wasn't progressing like we would have hoped and thought." A new Association of Independent Schools of NSW (AINSW) report shows a growing shift in parents' preferences from 2019 to 2024. Public schools lost a combined 1,874 students between 2019 and 2024, down 470 students in Newcastle and Lake Macquarie and 1,377 in the Hunter Valley. Through friends who had made a similar move, the Wales' decided to check out Fletcher independent school, Bishop Tyrrell Anglican College. "We were just blown away with the tour around the school, the facilities, and the genuine vibe," she said. "Our daughter just gelled straight away." Ms Wales said Bishop Tyrrell Anglican College was able to better communicate what was going on at school and said it was an "absolute shame" public schools were not funded as well as they should be. Acting Minister for Education and Early Learning Courtney Houssos maintained NSW public schools offer a world-class education, and said the state government has made "record investment" into ensuring children have access to opportunities. "We are building new and expanded schools in growing regional communities that the former Liberal and National government failed to plan for, and delivering 49 new fee-free public preschools into regional areas where they are needed most," she said. "We have also invested in significant upgrades to facilities in existing schools like science labs, creative spaces and performance facilities, delivering on Deputy Premier Prue Car's commitment to expand access to High Potential and Gifted education opportunities to every public school." The state government invested $1.4 billion in rural and regional schools in the 2024-25 Budget. The 2025-26 Budget includes $2.1 billion over the next four years to deliver new and upgraded schools across regional NSW, including new schools in Medowie and Huntlee. A NSW Department of Education spokeswoman said the state government is also investing $100 million in upgrades at 33 public high schools, including Muswellbrook High School and Lake Macquarie High School. "These enhancements will enable the schools to deliver High Potential and Gifted Education programs and opportunities that extend student learning across a range of subjects, as part of the government's broader commitment to expand gifted education across every public school," she said. "With the NSW government investment to address the teacher shortage crisis, including scrapping the wages cap, delivering a historic pay rise for teachers, reducing excessive administration workload, and making thousands of teachers permanent, schools in regional NSW started the 2025 school year with 47 per cent fewer vacancies than the same time in 2023." According to the AINSW report, despite having fewer schools than the public sector, independent schools gained more enrolments than any other sector in 25 out of 28 statistical areas. In Newcastle and Lake Macquarie, independent schools saw a 4.3 per cent average annual growth, and in the Hunter Valley, the growth was 4.5 per cent from 2019 to 2024. Ms Wales said she felt Bishop Tyrrell Anglican College offered more extracurricular activities and excursions, and said the learning support, pastoral care and communication with parents were a good fit for her family. "It was a smaller school, and that was something that we wanted access to," she said. "We have access to a system where you get photos of what's happening at the school, and their timetable," she said. "For me, it was the ability to reach out to teachers as well, so it felt like it could be a joint learning journey." In NSW, there are 301 faith-based independent schools, representing 15 different religions and 129 non-faith schools. AINSW chief executive Margery Evans said the independent sector gives families a diverse choice of schools. "There are several different faiths represented in the sector, as well as non-faith schools based on a philosophical approach such as Steiner schools or The Nature School," she said. Independent schools set their own fees, and the median fee charged is less than $6000 each year. Ms Evans said independent schools try to keep costs down, understanding parents make sacrifices to give their children an education that reflects their values and meets their child's needs. "Independent schools have more freedom to provide an education that reflects different aspects of Australia's diverse faiths and cultures," she said. "There is literally an independent school to suit every family." Enrolments at Catholic schools in Newcastle and Lake Macquarie have dropped by an average of 0.2 per cent per year, while enrolments in independent schools grew at an average of 4.3 per cent. Catholic Schools Maitland-Newcastle director Jaqueline Wilkinson said the natural fluctuation is "entirely normal". "A 0.2 per cent annual shift reflects the natural ebb and flow that occurs across all school sectors over time," she said. "In contrast, Catholic Schools Maitland-Newcastle has seen consistent growth in regional areas, particularly the Hunter Valley, which aligns with population growth and increasing demand for affordable, high-quality Catholic education." Despite an overall increase in students identifying as "no religion" across all NSW schools, the Catholic sector has seen a decrease in students identifying with the Catholic faith from 78 per cent in 2011 to 67 per cent in 2021. In the Hunter Valley, Catholic enrolments have risen by 1,608 students since 2019, an average growth of 3.5 per cent annually. Ms Wilkinson put the swell down to significant investments in schools like Rosary Park Primary at Branxton, St Bede's Catholic College at Chisholm and others in Maitland and Lochinvar. "These investments have expanded our capacity and enabled more than 2,000 students to access a Catholic education in the Maitland LGA," she said. "Enrolment decisions are influenced by a wide range of local and personal factors. "While some trends may appear in the data, interpreting them in a meaningful way is often speculative." Mr Wilkinson said many families choose schools that reflect their values and priorities, and Catholic education continues to resonate with those "seeking a strong sense of community and purpose". in KYLIE Wales is not a religious person, but when it came time for her daughter to move schools, she picked a faith-affiliated option. She's one of many parents making the jump to independent education, as Catholic and public schools across Newcastle, Lake Macquarie and the Hunter face increasing competition and dwindling enrolments. Ms Wales said her daughter Charlotte, in Year Two, went to a government school for the first few years, but it just wasn't a great fit. "We had her in public school, and she was part of the COVID-19 era," she said. "We had noticed that our daughter wasn't progressing like we would have hoped and thought." A new Association of Independent Schools of NSW (AINSW) report shows a growing shift in parents' preferences from 2019 to 2024. Public schools lost a combined 1,874 students between 2019 and 2024, down 470 students in Newcastle and Lake Macquarie and 1,377 in the Hunter Valley. Through friends who had made a similar move, the Wales' decided to check out Fletcher independent school, Bishop Tyrrell Anglican College. "We were just blown away with the tour around the school, the facilities, and the genuine vibe," she said. "Our daughter just gelled straight away." Ms Wales said Bishop Tyrrell Anglican College was able to better communicate what was going on at school and said it was an "absolute shame" public schools were not funded as well as they should be. Acting Minister for Education and Early Learning Courtney Houssos maintained NSW public schools offer a world-class education, and said the state government has made "record investment" into ensuring children have access to opportunities. "We are building new and expanded schools in growing regional communities that the former Liberal and National government failed to plan for, and delivering 49 new fee-free public preschools into regional areas where they are needed most," she said. "We have also invested in significant upgrades to facilities in existing schools like science labs, creative spaces and performance facilities, delivering on Deputy Premier Prue Car's commitment to expand access to High Potential and Gifted education opportunities to every public school." The state government invested $1.4 billion in rural and regional schools in the 2024-25 Budget. The 2025-26 Budget includes $2.1 billion over the next four years to deliver new and upgraded schools across regional NSW, including new schools in Medowie and Huntlee. A NSW Department of Education spokeswoman said the state government is also investing $100 million in upgrades at 33 public high schools, including Muswellbrook High School and Lake Macquarie High School. "These enhancements will enable the schools to deliver High Potential and Gifted Education programs and opportunities that extend student learning across a range of subjects, as part of the government's broader commitment to expand gifted education across every public school," she said. "With the NSW government investment to address the teacher shortage crisis, including scrapping the wages cap, delivering a historic pay rise for teachers, reducing excessive administration workload, and making thousands of teachers permanent, schools in regional NSW started the 2025 school year with 47 per cent fewer vacancies than the same time in 2023." According to the AINSW report, despite having fewer schools than the public sector, independent schools gained more enrolments than any other sector in 25 out of 28 statistical areas. In Newcastle and Lake Macquarie, independent schools saw a 4.3 per cent average annual growth, and in the Hunter Valley, the growth was 4.5 per cent from 2019 to 2024. Ms Wales said she felt Bishop Tyrrell Anglican College offered more extracurricular activities and excursions, and said the learning support, pastoral care and communication with parents were a good fit for her family. "It was a smaller school, and that was something that we wanted access to," she said. "We have access to a system where you get photos of what's happening at the school, and their timetable," she said. "For me, it was the ability to reach out to teachers as well, so it felt like it could be a joint learning journey." In NSW, there are 301 faith-based independent schools, representing 15 different religions and 129 non-faith schools. AINSW chief executive Margery Evans said the independent sector gives families a diverse choice of schools. "There are several different faiths represented in the sector, as well as non-faith schools based on a philosophical approach such as Steiner schools or The Nature School," she said. Independent schools set their own fees, and the median fee charged is less than $6000 each year. Ms Evans said independent schools try to keep costs down, understanding parents make sacrifices to give their children an education that reflects their values and meets their child's needs. "Independent schools have more freedom to provide an education that reflects different aspects of Australia's diverse faiths and cultures," she said. "There is literally an independent school to suit every family." Enrolments at Catholic schools in Newcastle and Lake Macquarie have dropped by an average of 0.2 per cent per year, while enrolments in independent schools grew at an average of 4.3 per cent. Catholic Schools Maitland-Newcastle director Jaqueline Wilkinson said the natural fluctuation is "entirely normal". "A 0.2 per cent annual shift reflects the natural ebb and flow that occurs across all school sectors over time," she said. "In contrast, Catholic Schools Maitland-Newcastle has seen consistent growth in regional areas, particularly the Hunter Valley, which aligns with population growth and increasing demand for affordable, high-quality Catholic education." Despite an overall increase in students identifying as "no religion" across all NSW schools, the Catholic sector has seen a decrease in students identifying with the Catholic faith from 78 per cent in 2011 to 67 per cent in 2021. In the Hunter Valley, Catholic enrolments have risen by 1,608 students since 2019, an average growth of 3.5 per cent annually. Ms Wilkinson put the swell down to significant investments in schools like Rosary Park Primary at Branxton, St Bede's Catholic College at Chisholm and others in Maitland and Lochinvar. "These investments have expanded our capacity and enabled more than 2,000 students to access a Catholic education in the Maitland LGA," she said. "Enrolment decisions are influenced by a wide range of local and personal factors. "While some trends may appear in the data, interpreting them in a meaningful way is often speculative." Mr Wilkinson said many families choose schools that reflect their values and priorities, and Catholic education continues to resonate with those "seeking a strong sense of community and purpose".

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