Mining fails to deliver jobs to local communities
Mining companies are failing to create jobs for the communities where they operate, recent statistics released by the organisation, Mining Affected Communities United in Action (Macua), indicate.
These show that the unemployment rate in communities situated near the biggest mining operations is more than 65%.
This means mining firms are not fulfilling their role in the Social Labour Plan (SLP) to create jobs for local communities.
Mining firms not fulfilling role in SLP
'Macua is deeply alarmed but not surprised by the latest unemployment data released [last week] by Statistics SA.
'Our research confirms that unemployment in communities located next to some of the wealthiest mining operations consistently exceeds 65%, with some areas having 82% unemployment rate.
ALSO READ: Here's why Amplats will still pay Anglo R1.6bn a year after unbundling
'These figures dwarf the official national average. They expose a central truth that policymakers continue to ignore – that the growth of mining profits is not translating into jobs, justice or dignity for those most impacted by the extraction,' said Macua spokesperson Magnificent Mndebele.
'Government leaders parade Operation Vulindlela and sectoral reforms as solutions to inequality and unemployment. But our audits reveal the opposite.
'The mining sector, empowered by expedited licences, deregulation and policy favouritism, has become a site of elite enrichment, not shared prosperity.
Site of elite enrichment
'With record profits of over R72 billion from just 11 audited mining companies, communities have seen less than 0.13% of that reinvested in their development.
'Our audits uncovered over R284 million in missing SLP funds across 11 sites, with more than 75% of committed development projects incomplete or undocumented.'
ALSO READ: SA opened 159 new mines in five years, creating over 15 000 jobs
Mining expert David van Wyk said Macua's report was an accurate reflection of what is happening in the mining-affected communities.
'I fully agree with Macua – mining does not create jobs. This country needs to move up into a post-mining economy.
'On a post-mining economy, I mean that we need not export strategic minerals necessary for manufacturing, for example iron, chrome, manganese, lithium and rare earth minerals. These are all required for manufacturing in general and for batteries and AI technologies in particular.'
Need for focused state and foreign investment
'Then we need focused state and a foreign investment to kickstart a manufacturing base.'
'That means moving away from the low-wage economy. We have 60 million people either on low wages or unemployed. They cannot afford manufactured goods. This is a disincentive for manufacturing.'
ALSO READ: Millions unaccounted for as ex-mine bosses face court over fraud
'We could, for example, manufacture batteries and cars [not assemble foreign cars as we are doing currently] but make electric vehicles as these are replacing combustion engines globally.'
Van Wyk said dying mining towns should be repurposed into suppliers of gas and solar energy using old mine electricity substations to feed solar power from mine wastelands into the national grid, and extract methane from old mine shafts.
Large-scale mining in decline
As large-scale mining is in decline, the state should create the conditions for artisanal, smalland medium-scale mining and facilitate community-based industries to add value to the diamonds, gold and platinum extracted, such as by jewellery manufacturing for example, he said.
National Association of Artisanal Miners spokesperson Zethu Hlatshwayo said mines were not equipping people with skills. 'So mines employ people from other areas.'
Hashtags
Try Our AI Features
Explore what Daily8 AI can do for you:
Comments
No comments yet...
Related Articles
IOL News
2 days ago
- IOL News
Mining industry raises alarm over ferrochrome export tax as electricity tariffs receive nod
Chrome mining has been one of the best-performing subsectors of the South African mining sector, with data from Statistics SA showing that chrome production increased by an average of 8.4% between 1994 and 2024 on an inflation adjusted basis. Image: Supplied Tawanda Karombo The Minerals Council of South Africa has raised concerns over the approval by government of an export tax on ferrochrome concentrates and welcomed the Cabinet's adoption of preferential electricity tariffs for ferrochrome smelters. Chrome mining has been one of the best-performing subsectors of the South African mining sector, with data from Statistics SA showing that chrome production increased by an average of 8.4% between 1994 and 2024 on an inflation adjusted basis. This reflects an accelerated pace of growth than the 1.3% recorded for non-gold production in South Africa over the same period. It was against this backdrop that the Minerals Council on Thursday said it was concerned by the approval by Cabinet of an export tax on ferrochrome concentrates. 'A particular concern in the Cabinet statement is the approval of the concept of an export tax on chrome concentrate. There remains no reason why export taxes would support increased beneficiation in South Africa now,' said the Council in a statement. The tax has previously been raised by government but extensive engagements with the chrome mining sector players resulted in the proposal being set aside. Video Player is loading. Play Video Play Unmute Current Time 0:00 / Duration -:- Loaded : 0% Stream Type LIVE Seek to live, currently behind live LIVE Remaining Time - 0:00 This is a modal window. Beginning of dialog window. Escape will cancel and close the window. Text Color White Black Red Green Blue Yellow Magenta Cyan Transparency Opaque Semi-Transparent Background Color Black White Red Green Blue Yellow Magenta Cyan Transparency Opaque Semi-Transparent Transparent Window Color Black White Red Green Blue Yellow Magenta Cyan Transparency Transparent Semi-Transparent Opaque Font Size 50% 75% 100% 125% 150% 175% 200% 300% 400% Text Edge Style None Raised Depressed Uniform Dropshadow Font Family Proportional Sans-Serif Monospace Sans-Serif Proportional Serif Monospace Serif Casual Script Small Caps Reset restore all settings to the default values Done Close Modal Dialog End of dialog window. Advertisement Next Stay Close ✕ South Africa's chrome mining sector, said the Minerals Council, has consistently contributed to employment, with export volumes of the mineral topping 20.5 million tons in 2024. South Africa earned R84.6 billion in export revenue from chrome last year. Despite this employment and export earning potential, South African producers are increasingly mothballing chrome smelters, citing high electricity costs that are rendering them poorly competitive in the face of stiff competition from Chinese smelters. China has been able to offer its chrome smelters incentives, including lower electricity costs. South African producers have also recently battled erratic electricity supply although the government has moved in to address this by approving a preferential tariff for ferroalloy smelters. 'As a consequence of electricity prices increasing by nearly 900% in the past two decades, South Africa's chrome industry has opted to export chrome concentrate rather than beneficiate it at a loss.' The Minerals Council has welcome the Cabinet announcement on preferential electricity tariffs for ferrochrome smelters. This forms part of the government's measures in addressing the key factors that has rendered South Africa's ferrochrome industry uncompetitive. The use of Special Economic Zones to give the industry tax breaks has also been described as welcome. However, the mining industry employers' organisation said 'the details remain lacking, requiring extensive consultations with the government to understand these proposals and which industries will benefit' from the measures. 'To the extent that it prevents illegal exports of chrome, the Minerals Council welcomes the proposal to require all chrome exporters to obtain permits from the International Trade Administration Commission of South Africa,' said the Council. 'However, we would strongly oppose any suggestion that such a system be expanded or used to impose export quotas or restrictions on legally mined chrome.' South Africa, a major mining hub in the region, has identified platinum, manganese, iron ore, coal, and chrome ore as 'high-critical minerals' under the new Critical Minerals and Metals Strategy. It has also classified commodities such as gold, vanadium, palladium, rhodium, and rare earth elements as minerals with moderate to high criticality while copper, cobalt, lithium, graphite, nickel, titanium, phosphate, fluorspar, zirconium, uranium, and aluminium were identified as minerals with moderate criticality. BUSINESS REPORT
The Citizen
28-06-2025
- The Citizen
How SA's youth make and (should) spend their money
While some consider Gen Z a lazy bunch who want everything for nothing, the truth is quite different according to a survey. South Africa's youth are grappling with deepening financial challenges, including crushing unemployment, limited asset ownership and mounting debt levels, making older people wonder how they make and spend their money. Eighty20, a consumer analytics and research company, analysed people younger than 24, who make up 44.5% of the population. With nearly 30 million people under the age of 24, South Africa's economic future hinges on whether this generation can break the cycle of financial exclusion that currently defines their prospects. The research reveals that of the 6.7 million young people between the ages of 18 and 24, only a million are credit-active. However, among these credit users, nearly half have already defaulted on their loans. With an average monthly income of R3 400 (less than half the national average of R7 000) and a youth unemployment rate of 62.4% according to Statistics SA, financial strain is widespread in this age group, Andrew Fulton, director at Eighty20, says. ALSO READ: SA youth not unemployed, rather under-employed SA's youth mainly use retail credit Among the million credit-active youth, retail credit dominates, with 85% of the respondents holding store accounts. Personal unsecured loans follow at 17%, while 9% have credit cards. In addition, young people represent approximately 4% of South Africa's total outstanding debt, carrying R10 billion in combined obligations. However, Fulton points out that their credit performance is worse than the national average, with R1.1 billion, or 11% of their total debt, currently overdue. This elevated delinquency rate signals particular financial stress within this age segment, Fulton says. MRF's Marketing All Product Survey (MAPS) of 20 000 South Africans shows that the youth are more concerned about privacy when it comes to credit. They prefer that others do not know they are taking a personal loan and would rather take the loan from a financial institution rather than from friends or family. South Africa faces a stark financial inclusion divide among young adults, Fulton says. 'While people under 24 represent approximately 20% of new credit market entrants over the past three months, a few hundred thousand individuals, this figure masks a deeper problem that many young South Africans never enter the formal credit market at all. ALSO READ: The dark picture of youth unemployment in South Africa Exclusion among youth creates two distinct groups Fulton says this exclusion creates two distinct groups: people who successfully access credit can join the formal financial system and participate in the economy, while many others remain locked out, classified as 'thin file' clients due to their lack of credit history. 'Without access to formal credit, these young South Africans are excluded from significant economic opportunities.' A credit score serves as the gateway not only to lending products and favourable terms, but to essential services across multiple sectors. A healthy credit profile enables access to cellphone contracts, rental agreements and can even influence employment opportunities, Fulton says. 'Expanding credit access among young adults represents both individual economic empowerment and broader formal economy development.' However, he says a further challenge lies in how people who do qualify for credit perform: approximately half of young borrowers default early in their credit journey, with most maintaining high-risk credit scores. 'This pattern underscores the urgent need for enhanced financial education and for those in distress to get into debt counselling early.' ALSO READ: Entrepreneurship a solution to youth unemployment – but there are challenges Youth make money with side hustles How do young people make their money to make ends meet? Enter the side hustle economy. Fulton points out that youth unemployment is at crisis levels, with fewer young people in formal employment now than in 2008. Harambee, an NGO focused on youth employment solutions, reports in its quarterly Breaking Barriers analysis that of the one million young people entering South Africa's labour market annually, only 40% find work in the short to medium term, while 30% find intermittent employment but remain mostly unemployed or outside education and training, 20% want to work but never find opportunities and 10% stop seeking work altogether. In addition, for those who are employed, side hustles have become essential to make ends meet. BrandMapp, a survey of South Africans in households earning over R10 000 monthly, shows a notable shift: in 2021, 55% reported having no side activities that create extra income, but this dropped to 49% in their most recent survey. The survey asks for details on these activities and the percentage of people who say they are running small businesses as a side hustle, or taking second jobs in their primary field has grown by 50%. This trend mirrors international patterns, with about 50% of millennials and 46% of Gen Z reporting side hustles. ALSO READ: Minister agrees unemployment statistics should include work in informal sector Kind of side hustles the youth choose The nature of these side hustles varies by demographic. BrandMapp data shows that 'home industry' activities are more common among black married couples, while temporary and shift work in restaurants and bars is more prevalent among white South Africans. Fulton says the intersection of limited formal employment, growing debt burdens and the rise of alternative income sources creates challenges as well as opportunities for South Africa's young people. 'In the face of considerable financial headwinds, many young people are turning to side hustles as a means of creating opportunity in a tough economy, but with the right support structures and a focus on keeping their credit history clean, this generation has the potential to drive long-term, inclusive growth.'
The Citizen
25-06-2025
- The Citizen
SA youth not unemployed, rather under-employed
Can we still depend on Statistics SA's data on unemployment or should we change how we look at people who are not formally employed? South Africa's youth are not so much unemployed as underemployed and uncounted, according to a news report that states Generation Z is far from inactive. According to the results of the Quarterly Labour Force Survey conducted by Statistics SA, the official unemployment rate for the first quarter was 32.9%. For the youth, defined as people between the ages of 15 and 34, the total number of unemployed increased by 151 000 to 4.8 million, while employed youth recorded a decrease of 153 000 to 5.7 million. As a result, the youth unemployment rate increased from 44.6% in the fourth quarter of 2024 to 46.1% in the first quarter of 2025. These figures caused an outcry yet again, with many organisations expressing their dismay at this high rate of unemployment. However, it seems that the youth unemployment rate tells only part of the story. Emerging data, including the newly released Gen Z Economy Report, suggests that this generation is far from inactive. They are not unemployed but rather under-employed, Ronen Aires, CEO of Student Village, says. Student Village, in partnership with futurist, economist and business trends analyst, Bronwyn Williams of Flux Trends, released The Gen Z Economy Report: Cash, Culture and Clout, earlier this month. ALSO READ: The dark picture of youth unemployment in South Africa Youth are not unemployed, just not formally employed This research report shows that Gen Z is not idle. 'They are hustling in the shadows of a broken system that fails to count them, let alone support them. Only 16.6% of Gen Zs identify as unemployed. They are participating in the economy, just not in the conventional ways captured by official data.' The report is based on responses from more than 900 South Africans between the ages of 18 and 30 and paints a picture of a generation shaped by financial pressure and economic uncertainty but defined by grit and ingenuity, Williams says. 'Young South Africans operate outside the boundaries of formal employment today. They are creators, freelancers, micro-entrepreneurs, influencers, digital editors, crypto traders, tutors and resellers, blending education with gig work, supporting themselves through multiple income streams and carving out economic agency in an environment where traditional pathways are shrinking.' Yet, Willaims points out, the metrics still label them as 'NEETs' (not in education, employment or training). She says this narrative is not only outdated but also misleading. ALSO READ: Improvement in unemployment rate, but SA still needs almost 8 million jobs Employment data misses the nuance and leaves an incomplete picture Aires says when data misses the nuance, policies and strategies do too and when businesses, employers and institutions rely on incomplete pictures, they risk missing out on one of the most agile and driven generations yet. Key findings from the Gen Z Economy Report include: Side hustles are the main income source for Gen Z at 21.7%, followed by parental support (20%) and Nsfas grants (17.5%). Most Gen Zs are earning below R5 000 per month, yet 90.5% are saving regularly, despite low-income levels. Savings go primarily toward emergencies (25.75%) and education (19.83%), signalling both anxiety about the future and strong aspirational intent. Gen Z places high value on financial independence, ethical alignment and personalised, digital-first experiences. Nearly 30% are already exploring cryptocurrency and alternative investment platforms, reflecting a mindset that is cautious as well as forward-thinking. ALSO READ: Economy sheds jobs again in first quarter, unemployment worse than year ago Do not underestimate Gen Z Aires says for sectors like banking, retail, telecoms, alcohol and personal care goods, this report should serve as a clear wake-up call as it shows that this generation wants authentic value, mutual respect and long-term relevance. 'Stereotypes about disinterest or irresponsibility do not hold up under scrutiny, as Gen Z is financially literate and looking for meaningful engagement and value from businesses and brands. Young South Africans are navigating a shrinking economy with grit, creativity and pragmatism. 'If we continue to underestimate them, we squander one of our most powerful engines for inclusive economic recovery.' The formal employment outlook may be bleak, but South Africa's youth economy is active, adaptive and growing in influence, Williams says. 'It is time to move beyond outdated narratives and start building real opportunities that reflect the reality on the ground.' ALSO READ: Is South Africa's unemployment rate really only 10%? Capitec CEO also wonders about who is really unemployed The Gen Z report is not the only one to doubt the unemployment data. Gerrie Fourie, CEO of Capitec, said last week that Statistics SA should rethink how it measures unemployment, arguing that when the vast informal sector is considered, the unemployment rate of 32.9% could be closer to 10%. 'We talk about an unemployment rate of 32%, but Statistics SA does not count self-employed people. I think that is an area we must correct. The unemployment rate is probably actually 10%. Just go look at the number of people in the township informal market who sell all sorts of stuff and have a turnover of R1 000 per day. 'To grow South Africa, we must understand what is happening in the informal market. If we really had a 32% unemployment rate, we would have unrest. If you go to the townships, most people have back rooms to rent out; everyone is doing something. If we talk about job creation, let's go out and encourage these entrepreneurs.' NOW READ: Minister agrees unemployment statistics should include work in informal sector
