Liver cancer: 3 in 5 cases are preventable, experts reveal what we're doing wrong and how obesity is fueling the crisis
liver cancer
cases are preventable. That's over 60% of all liver cancer diagnoses worldwide. As reported by The Times of India (TOI), experts are now calling for urgent action to tackle the root causes of the disease, particularly rising obesity, alcohol consumption, and viral hepatitis.
The study comes at a critical time. In 2020 alone, more than 905,000 people were diagnosed with liver cancer and over 830,000 died of it. With liver disease on the rise across the world, researchers say the situation could get even worse unless global prevention strategies are put in place.
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Published by The Lancet Oncology Commission, the report warns that if no major action is taken, liver cancer cases are expected to nearly double by 2050, from around 870,000 in 2022 to 1.52 million, with deaths rising to 1.37 million in the same period.
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However, the experts offer a silver lining. According to their findings, at least 60% of liver cancer cases are linked to modifiable risk factors, including chronic viral hepatitis (hepatitis B and C), alcohol use, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), a long-term condition where fat builds up in the liver. A more severe form of MASLD, known as MASH, is expected to cause 35% more liver cancer cases by 2050.
What are the leading causes of liver cancer?
As quoted by TOI, Prof Hashem B El-Serag, from Baylor College of Medicine (USA), said, 'Liver cancer was once thought to occur mainly in patients with viral hepatitis or alcohol-related liver disease. However, today rising rates of obesity are an increasing risk factor... largely due to the rise in cases of excess fat around the liver.'
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He added that routine screening and early lifestyle interventions, especially among individuals with obesity, diabetes, or heart disease, could help reduce the risk.
A shift in the disease's global pattern
Experts pointed out a shift in what's causing liver cancer globally. MASLD now affects nearly a third of the global population, and although not everyone with MASLD will develop liver cancer, those who do often have the more severe MASH condition.
More than 40% of liver cancer cases globally occur in China, largely due to high rates of hepatitis B. Meanwhile, Africa is expected to see the sharpest rise in new cases and deaths by 2050 due to population growth and ageing.
What can be done
The Commission has outlined a series of recommendations. These include:
Expanding
hepatitis B vaccine
coverage
Promoting healthier diets and lifestyle changes
Public health policies to reduce alcohol use
Introducing sugar taxes and clear food labelling
According to The Lancet study, reducing liver cancer incidence by just 2–5% annually could prevent between 9 to 17 million cases and save up to 15 million lives by 2050.
'The time to act is now'
As quoted by TOI, Prof Jian Zhou from Fudan University, Chair of the Commission, stressed, 'Liver cancer is one of the most challenging cancers to treat... Without urgent action, we risk seeing close to a doubling of cases and deaths over the next quarter of a century.'
Prof Stephen Chan, first author of the report from the Chinese University of Hong Kong, added, 'As three in five cases of liver cancer are linked to preventable risk factors, there is a huge opportunity for countries to act and save lives.'
And finally, Prof Valérie Paradis from Beaujon Hospital in France said, 'There is an urgent need to raise awareness... With joint and continuous efforts, many liver cancer cases can be prevented, and both survival and quality of life for patients can be considerably improved.'
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