
Why NIA court acquitted Pragya Thakur, other accused in Malegaon blast case: 'Can't convict anyone merely on perception'
Delivering the much-awaited verdict nearly 17 years after the blast that killed six people and injured dozens in the communally sensitive town of Malegaon in Maharashtra, the NIA court observed that "Terrorism has no religion because no religion can advocate violence. The court cannot convict anyone merely on perception and moral evidence; there has to be cogent evidence," news agency ANI reported.
The court ruled that the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA) could not be applied in the case as the sanction for prosecution was not obtained in accordance with legal requirements.
"The UAPA will not be invoked in this case as sanction was not taken as per rules. Both the sanction orders of the UAPA in the case are defective," ANI quoted the court as saying.
The court also highlighted inconsistencies in the prosecution's evidence. While it acknowledged that a blast indeed took place, the court said the prosecution failed to conclusively link the motorcycle found at the site to an explosive device.
"Prosecution proved that a blast occurred in Malegaon, but failed to prove that a bomb was placed in that motorcycle," the court stated.
The court further noted discrepancies in the number of victims, concluding that "the injured people were not 101 but 95 only, and there was manipulation in some medical certificates."
On the alleged role of the Hindutva group Abhinav Bharat, the court found no material evidence to support the prosecution's claim. "Abhinav Bharat organisation was used as a common reference by the prosecution. There is no evidence that the money of the Abhinav Bharat was used for terror activities," it noted.
As part of its order, the court directed that the families of all six deceased victims be paid ₹2 lakh each, while each injured person is to receive ₹50,000 as compensation.
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The compensatory amount of Rs. Two Lakh to each deceased family be paid and the amount of Rs.50,000/- to each injured be paid,' the order said. On September 29, 2008, during the holy month of Ramzan, a powerful bomb explosion rocked a crowded area in Malegaon around 9:35 p.m. The blast occurred near Shakeel Goods Transport Company, between Anjuman Chowk and Bhiku Chowk. The explosive device had been planted on an LML Freedom motorcycle bearing a fake registration number — MH-15-P-4572. The explosion killed six people, left 101 injured, and caused significant damage to nearby properties. The prosecution examined a total of 323 witnesses over the course of the trial. The investigation spanned across three agencies over the years: the Local Crime Branch (LCB), Nashik Gramin, in coordination with Azad Nagar Police Station, Malegaon; the Anti-Terrorism Squad (ATS), Mumbai; and later, the National Investigation Agency (NIA), New Delhi, which took over the case in 2011. The judge while reading the judgement on July 31, said, 'After completion of marathon hearing advanced by them, I have gone through written notes of arguments, charge-sheets and entire evidence on record in the form of oral and documentary. In the backdrop of the facts, it is also necessary to mention that the evidence on record creates grave suspicion against the accused but on mere suspicion there cannot be a conviction. Hence, I am extending the benefit of doubt.' The court, while analysing the credibility of witness testimonies, emphasised that statements recorded under Section 161 of the CrPC—whether oral, written, or in electronic form—are not substantive evidence. They can be used solely to highlight contradictions or omissions during a trial. For such statements to carry weight, the witness must clearly acknowledge them during their deposition. Moreover, the court must be convinced that the statement was made voluntarily, free from coercion, tutoring, or pressure. If these conditions are not met, the court noted, such statements lose evidentiary value and are liable to be discarded. 'Before I conclude, it is necessary to place on record the fact that, I am fully aware of the degree of agony, frustration, and trauma caused to society at large and, more particularly, to the families of the victims by the fact that a heinous crime of this nature has gone unpunished. However, the law does not permit courts to convict an accused solely on the basis of moral conviction or suspicion. No doubt, terrorism has no religion because no religion in the world preaches violence. The court of law is not supposed to proceed on popular or predominant public perceptions about the matter,' the judge said. It further added, 'It is a cardinal principle of criminal jurisprudence that the burden rests entirely upon the prosecution to establish the guilt of the accused beyond reasonable doubt, based on admissible and credible evidence. 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