
Pound and gilts slump amid doubts over Chancellor's future
Ms Reeves was visibly tearful in the House of Commons over a 'personal issue', as her position and Government credibility faced scrutiny after a U-turn on welfare plans.
The U-turn on the Welfare Bill is now expected to stop the Labour Government from securing almost £5 billion worth of savings as it seeks to balance the books.
Financial markets were knocked as a result, with the value of the pound and gilts dropping noticeably as the Prime Minister spoke in Parliament.
The pound slid by 1.14% to 1.358 against the US dollar on Wednesday. Sterling had risen to a fresh three-year high against the dollar on Tuesday.
The currency also fell by 0.8% to 1.155 against the euro, striking its lowest level since April.
Meanwhile, the yield on Government bonds, called gilts, jumped in the face of concerns among investors.
The yield on 10-year gilts rose by 0.17 percentage points to 4.63%, while the 30-year gilt rose by 0.22 percentage points to 5.45%.
Both of these were the sharpest increases since US President Donald Trump's tariff plans shook up financial markets in April.
Gilt yields move counter to the value of the bonds, meaning that their prices were lower on Wednesday because of the change.
The rise in yields also means it will be more expensive for the Government to pay off debts, putting further pressure on its finances.
Kathleen Brooks, research director at XTB, said: 'UK bond yields have taken a step higher as we progress through Wednesday, and Prime Minister's Questions has not eased concern that the bond vigilantes are circling. UK bonds are tanking today.
'If yields continue to rise at this pace for the next few days, the PM and Chancellor will have to decide if they want to have a sensible fiscal policy whereby public sector debt is reined in, or whether they want to please the Labour backbenches, who don't seem worried by rising debt levels and forget that we are in a new era, where bond investors can shun sovereign debt in favour of less risky, less indebted corporate debt.
'Overall, this could be the start of another fiscal crisis for the UK.'
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Telegraph
39 minutes ago
- Telegraph
Sweden invented ‘flight shaming'. Now it is begging airlines to return
The country that invented 'flight shaming', a concept championed by climate activist Greta Thunberg, has scrapped its air tax in a bid to boost its ailing economy. As of July 1, Sweden has dropped the levy of 76–517 krona (£5.50–£37.40) per passenger per flight, an eco measure introduced by the centre-left government in 2018. The U-turn will be seen as a disaster by environmentalists, and it exposes a tension at the core of the aviation versus climate debate. When jumbo jets disappear emissions drop, but other things begin to dwindle too: regional growth, connectivity and – it appears in Sweden – public support for eco concerns. The emptying of Swedish skies Sweden introduced its air tax in the same year that a 15-year-old Greta Thunberg organised her first solo climate protest outside Swedish Parliament. In a short period of time the 'flight shaming' ('flygskam') movement took hold. A survey in 2019 showed that nearly a quarter of Swedes were abstaining from flying in a bid to reduce their climate footprint, up from 17 per cent the year before. The impact on Sweden's aviation industry was stark. Swedavia AB, which runs 10 Swedish airports, saw passenger numbers drop for seven consecutive months in 2019. The country witnessed its slowest growth in airline passenger numbers for a decade. Meanwhile, state train operator SJ saw passengers leap to 32 million citing 'big interest in climate-smart travel.' In the seven years that followed, international flights dropped by a third. Smaller airports, particularly in the wild and remote northern regions, saw fewer arrivals as airlines scaled back operations. Ryanair ceased all domestic flights in Sweden, while the domestic-focused Bromma Airport near Stockholm came to the brink of closure. Today, only one regional airline, Västfly, still uses the airport. The pandemic was the catalyst for change. The country suffered a recession in 2023 and the economy shrank by 0.3 per cent between April and July 2024. It was within this economic climate that the new right-wing government, elected in 2022, said that there were 'few reasons to feel flight shame' as they announced plans to invest £76m into the aviation sector and drop the air tax entirely. Airlines were quick to praise the decision. Ryanair promptly re-introduced two new aircraft to its Swedish fleet and added ten new routes. EasyJet said 'we strongly welcome the abolition of taxes on passengers to help keep flying affordable' and Norwegian announced it would add new routes from Norway to Sweden. 'We congratulate the Swedish government for abolishing the aviation tax. It is excellent news, which recognises that taxation of air passengers is counterproductive economically and ineffective environmentally,' was the international aviation body IATA's response to the news. The climate lobby, however, is disheartened by the news. Justin Francis, co-founder and executive chair of Responsible Travel, tells The Telegraph: 'Some governments' short-term attitudes to regulating aviation have shifted, but the science hasn't, and aviation will account for an ever-increasing percentage of total global carbon emissions and the massive costs of climate change to business and society.' The European countries banning domestic flights No doubt politicians in neighbouring countries will be watching keenly from the sidelines to see how Sweden's U-turn plays out. That's because since Sweden introduced its eco-war against aviation, other countries have followed suit. In 2020, Germany increased its domestic and intra-European flight taxes by 75 per cent, while Belgium imposes a €10 'boarding tax' for flights of less than 500km (310 miles). In the Netherlands passengers must pay a departure tax of €29.40 per flight, regardless of the destination. Denmark is the latest to join the party. As of January 1 this year, passengers have had to pay 50DK (£5.73) for intra-European flights, 310DK (£35.83) for medium-haul and DK410 (£47.55) for long-haul flights. Ryanair was quick out of the blocks to criticise the tax. The Irish airline publicly described it as a 'discriminatory, fake eco-tax', criticising Denmark for penalising short-haul passengers while not taxing transfer passengers travelling far greater distances. The airline has scrapped its services from Billund and Aalborg, in response. Other countries are clamping down on short-haul aviation through other means. In 2023, France passed a law banning domestic flights on routes where the journey could be made by rail in less than 2hr 30m. While this was hailed as a 'domestic flight ban', effectively ruling out air travel between Paris Orly and Nantes, Lyon and Bordeaux, some argued they could have been more ambitious by extending the train travel time to four hours, or to measure from city to city rather than airport to airport. In its current form, where you can still fly from Paris Charles de Gaulle to Nantes, Lyon and Bordeaux. Because of this, the domestic flight ban has been criticised for being more gestural than anything else. Spain is considering mirroring the policy, banning flights where you can make the same journey in 2hr 30m. This would rule out 11 domestic air routes, reducing the country's domestic aviation emissions by an estimated 10 per cent. But, as in France, climate activists said it didn't go far enough, with the group Ecologistas en Acción describing the measures as 'purely symbolic'. The question is where these countries will go next. Clearly the Swedish U-turn highlights the complexities around marrying green policies with national interconnectivity and regional prosperity. 'Until electric planes and emissions-free aviation are viable options, we all need to fly less,' says Justin Francis. 'Aviation fuel needs to be taxed in line with other transport fuels. The industry has had a free pass here for too long, and the proceeds need to be ring fenced for investment in lower-carbon aviation and improving rail infrastructure.'


Telegraph
40 minutes ago
- Telegraph
The battle to save a high street giant from Woolworths' fate
The new owners of WH Smith's high street shops have vowed to arrest decades of decline after swooping on the business in a cut-price deal. Trading under the fictitious new name TG Jones, hundreds of stores are poised to be revamped with postal and banking services as part of a bold attempt to emulate Boots and become 'a vanguard retailer' that is part of the 'lifeblood' of communities. The changes are at the centre of a comprehensive restructuring plan put together by the investment firm Modella Capital, which completed a takeover of WH Smith's estate of 464 shops on Monday. The deal excludes branches in train stations and airports, which will continue to operate under the WH Smith name. Modella's buyout followed months of intense negotiations, including a last-minute reduction to the price tag after a deterioration in trading. The shops will continue to be run by Sean Toal, the managing director of WH Smith's high street arm since 2019. The introduction of vital services alongside everyday products is 'really important', if the shops want to become more relevant and the business is to avoid the same fate as other high profile retailers that fell out of favour, said Steve Curtis, Modella's chairman. 'We think there's a really exciting story here for a business that could have been Woolworths Two…There's no reason why, with the proper love and care and a bit of support, it should ever close. It should be in rude health,' Curtis added. Woolworths was a familiar presence on British high streets for more than 90 years until its collapse in 2008. Toal said: 'The high street is crying out for more services. There is a sense that the average high street is sort of being hollowed out. And a lot of the stuff that really makes a high street is just kind of fast disappearing.' Curtis added that the Post Office already has counters in nearly 200 branches, but the ambition was to have one 'of some size in every single one of our stores'. Modella points to the way Boots has managed to remain an enduring feature of town centres by providing prescriptions, vaccinations and advice for minor health ailments. Shops will be further rejuvenated through tie-ups with Hornby, the toymaker behind brands such as Airfix and Scalextric, as well as fantasy games sensation Warhammer. There are also plans for a fresh push into music after WH Smith reintroduced vinyl last year following a 30-year hiatus. Pick-and-mix – once a staple of Woolworths' shops – could make a comeback too. Curtis likened its ambitious plans to pointing a 'great old tanker' 'in a slightly different direction'. The changes will 'take a period of time' but 'by the time you get to the end of it, it's going to look quite different – it'll be a different vibe'. 'Grand old institution' WH Smith has faced enduring ridicule for allowing its stores to become tired and rundown. Eventually, the neglect became the inspiration for a Twitter account called @WHS_Carpet, which dedicated its time to naming and shaming the shabbiest premises. she's a beaut — carpet (@WHS_Carpet) June 19, 2025 When its plans to exit the high street were unveiled in March, industry figures expressed fears that as many as half its shops would be quickly jettisoned – but the opposite is true, Modella promises. A longstanding policy of shrinking the estate by shutting the worst-performing stores will be paused. Some are now in line for a much-needed facelift. Modella, which also owns Hobbycraft and the Original Factory Store, will pay £40m to take control, down from the £52m that was agreed when the deal was first unveiled, for a business that made £15m of operating profit in the preceding six months. Its revival rests on an ambitious cost-cutting plan in which landlords are persuaded to sign up to more affordable rents, and suppliers agree to more favourable terms. Money saved will then be reinvested in the turnaround. 'We're going to need help from a group of stakeholders to help us rebuild this grand old institution into something that it deserves to be,' Curtis said. 'Who the hell is TG Jones?' With the WH Smith name still appearing on hundreds of shops at airports, train stations and hospitals, Modella was forced to come up with a new brand for the shops, which have operated under the same name since the first WH Smith shop opened in Mayfair, central London, in 1792, when George III was on the throne. The 'TG Jones' name was invented by Modella directors. Marketing experts have cast doubt on the rebranding exercise, while the reaction of shoppers suggests it will be a battle to convince some that the business still has a future after its relaunch. A goodbye video posted on WH Smith's official Instagram account prompted a flurry of negative responses: 'Yeah, you've just killed the whole business mate. Nobody is going to TG Jones,' one reportedly said. 'Who the hell is TG Jones?' asked another, while a third described the redesign as 'horrific'. In a letter to staff, Modella said: 'As a very well-known surname in the UK, Jones feels like a worthy successor to Smith and carries the same sense of family.' With a logo made up of the same blue and white colours that have long been a feature of the WH Smith branding, customers will soon be won over, Curtis predicted. 'If you're in a town, you've lived there all your life, and you've walked down that street all your life, and the cover facia is still exactly the same white, exactly the same blue, you probably won't notice it,' he said. The signage on the stores will be changed to 'TG Jones' over the coming weeks and negotiations with landlords will begin in earnest, with Modella hoping to persuade them to grant more affordable rents. Shop owners will be coaxed with the offer of longer leases than they've become accustomed to under WH Smith. Building a future Around 350 stores are on leases of less than two years but Modella believes that by signing up to longer contracts – perhaps 10 years – landlords may agree to an initial period that is rent-free, which would release cash to re-invest in refurbishments. 'If we go to that landlord and say ... 'We'll use all that cash and we'll make that shop look really beautiful'… what that's doing is improving the asset. It also gives us a long-term partnership. So it's investing together,' Curtis said. 'Vacancies on UK high streets are running around about 14pc ... There's a lot of vacant units, so if they [landlords] can work with a partner that's prepared to put a long-term commitment down ... For some of these landlords these are pension funds for their families ... it creates security,' Toal said. There are even plans for several new store openings. 'We're not in Manchester city centre ... We should be ... and we're under-represented as a retailer in London,' Toal said. The last time WH Smith opened a store on a UK high street was decades ago. 'We want to send a message to the market ... We want to open stores where it's viable to do so,' Curtis said. Modella is betting that suppliers will be similarly receptive. 'I think suppliers thought this business hasn't got a future. They now think, 'boy, has it got a future' ... which is brilliant for them, because rather than supplying 100 stores in three years' time, they're hopefully going to be supplying 500 – that's massive for them,' Curtis said. This optimism isn't necessarily shared everywhere. Some retail figures believe the business has a slim chance of survival. Meanwhile, the Communication Workers Union has expressed fears that Modella could even be 'looking to asset-strip it'. Such suggestions are rejected. 'It generates cash. It's got a solid level of profitability ... There's much more value for us here in growing something that makes X today, and Y tomorrow ... If we are on the up in 10 years' time, there's no reason why we couldn't float this business, because it could be worth a lot of money,' Curtis said. 'We could easily just say that they should quietly close this over the next couple of years but you don't need to ... and we don't want the high streets of this great nation of ours to be proliferated with charity shops, vape shops and coffee shops,' he added. 'We're in a lot of locations. If we're not there, then who else is going to come in?' Toal said.


Telegraph
40 minutes ago
- Telegraph
How dare entitled MPs say the ‘middle class' doesn't deserve financial help
This week, 11 MPs on a combined salary of £1,032,944 decided one of the only saving products to help first-time buyers should be scrapped because they fear it is used by too many middle-class people. The Treasury Committee urged Rachel Reeves to 'consider the future' of the Lifetime Isa (Lisa), a tax-free saving product that allows people under 40 to invest up to £4,000 per year, which is matched by a £1,000 contribution from the Government. They took particular aim at the 25pc bonus, suggesting this £600m outlay was not a good use of taxpayer money given the 'current strain on public finances'. Of course, these MPs, who were handed a £2,558 pay rise in April, are spot on. It has never been easier for young people to get on the housing ladder. Everywhere you look young people are buying homes like never before! Walk down a residential street in Britain, all you can see are happy young people moving into their first homes. It's about time we stopped this Lisa racket and stopped giving the bloody middle class a hand up in getting on the property ladder. Are these really the thoughts that were racing through MPs' heads? I have to confess I am one of those young people, aged 25, hopefully saving into a Lisa each year, but stuck at home with little hope of getting out. According to NatWest, I'm not alone. They found the average person now lives with their parents until the age of 28. House prices are now eight times higher than median wages – more than double what they were in the 1990s. Meanwhile, the average age of a first-time buyer is creeping ever closer to 40. It now averages 34 in England and 35 in London, according to the English Housing Survey. These figures have become almost meaningless today. They are rattled out all the time. Half of them were even in the Treasury Committee report. But clearly these MPs don't understand the significance of them. They don't understand that while they collect a salary of £93,904 per year, while also being able to expense their rent and travel, millions of young people are sitting in their parents' basement growing ever more disillusioned with their future. The lifetime Isa, launched in 2017, offered a way on to the housing ladder. It certainly isn't perfect. The purchasing cap of £450,000 has remained frozen since its inception, leaving many home buyers in the South East facing a punitive 25pc withdrawal fee if they buy a home above this price. The cap would be £600,000 if it had risen in life with inflation. But again, the Committee squirmed at the idea that the Government should support anyone but the neediest in owning a home. They said the frozen £450,000 cap was justified because it 'ensures that Government spending supports those who need financial assistance the most'. It is such an infantile argument to suggest that the Lisa should be reformed because it's not used by the poorest in society. Any form of savings account will always be disproportionately used by those who have more money because they can afford to put aside some of their salary each month. By that logic, you might as well scrap all Isas. Just scrap all savings accounts, and we can all be poor and equal. There is no doubt the 25pc bonus is generous. No other savings account will pay out such a return, but rather than this being a poorly targeted support that aids the super wealthy, it is in fact a great leveller. There are 1.4 million active Lisa holders. Since 2018-19, 228,000 people have used Lisas to buy 182,500 homes, which equates to an average of 38,000 homes purchased each year. These are not the super-rich, but the hard-working middle class. Moneybox, one of the largest providers of Lisas, said 80pc of its account holders earned £40,000 or less. Tembo Money found its Lisa customers earned £41,000 a year on average, and were able to buy a home four years earlier than those without Lisas. Be in no doubt – these people would have been less able to afford their home without the 25pc bonus. It's hard to understand what message this cross-party group of MPs therefore are trying to send to young people. Dame Meg Hillier, a Labour MP and chairman of the Committee, questioned whether it was 'the best way to spend billions of pounds over several years'. But £600m is a drop in the ocean of the £3bn about-turn Sir Keir Starmer has made on personal independence payments. And it doesn't compare to the £1.25bn winter fuel farce either. Chancellor Rachel Reeves would do well to ignore almost every one of the 64-page report put together by the Treasury Committee. There is a breaking point at which young people will stop paying for about-turn after about-turn from their parents' basement.