
Six patient deaths linked to use of ‘substitute' doctors by NHS
Professor Gillian Leng, the president of the Royal Society of Medicine, was asked by Wes Streeting, the health secretary, to examine the role of physician associates (PAs), a group of 3,500 NHS staff who assist doctors but do not have a medical degree.
Leng's 134-page report concluded there had been cases where PAs had been used as a substitute for doctors in the NHS, which was 'clearly risky and confusing for patients'.
She said that, in future, PAs should be renamed physician 'assistants' and wear lanyards, badges and uniforms that make it clear to patients that they are not trained doctors.
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The Independent
15 minutes ago
- The Independent
The health conditions that may increase risk of dementia
Developing illnesses such as heart disease and diabetes before the age of 55 could significantly increase the chance of having dementia in later life, a new study suggests. Strokes or the onset of mental health conditions such as anxiety and depression between 55 and 70 could also increase risk two-fold, according to research. Experts at the University of Oxford said up to 80 per cent of dementia patients suffer from two or more chronic health conditions, but there is a "lack of understanding" when it comes to specific illnesses, age of onset and the link to dementia. They identified "critical time windows" in which certain illnesses pose the greatest risk to patients. For the study, published in Brain Communications, researchers analysed data from 282,712 people using the UK Biobank and looked at patterns for 46 chronic health conditions. They found that heart conditions such as heart disease and atrial fibrillation, as well as diabetes, before the age of 55 was most strongly linked to dementia risk. However, from 55 to 70 years of age, mental health conditions such as anxiety and depression, as well as conditions such as stroke, increased the risk of dementia two-fold. Sana Suri, an associate professor and Oxford Brain Sciences senior fellow, said: 'Although we knew that multimorbidity increased the risk of dementia, it was unclear which combinations of health conditions had the most impact and in what sequence. 'This study has identified how specific illnesses tend to co-exist with each other, and also the critical time windows in which they could pose the greatest risk.' Elsewhere, the study suggests people who have conditions such as heart disease and diabetes in middle age, followed later by conditions such as stroke and mental health disorders were at the greatest risk of developing dementia. Ms Suri said the presence of other illnesses should be taken into account when estimating a person's risk of developing dementia, and could help develop strategies that aim to reduce risk at certain points in life. She added: 'This study identified associations between multimorbidity and dementia risk but we need to understand more about why this happens. 'We also need to try to replicate the study in more diverse groups of people to ensure the results are representative of the population. 'Future studies could examine whether efforts to manage or prevent cardiovascular problems in early-to-midlife, followed by mental health and neurological disorders when people are in their fifties and sixties, might reduce the risk of dementia.'


The Independent
an hour ago
- The Independent
Olympian teams up with researchers to make PE kit more inclusive for teen girls
An Olympic sports star has teamed up with academic experts to help teenage girls feel more comfortable in their school PE kits. Tess Howard, who competed for Team GB in the Paris 2024 games, has joined physical activity and diet specialist Dr Alice Porter to make school sports clothing fitter for purpose. New research has shown that secondary school-aged girls would feel less self-conscious and more able to fully take part in PE lessons if they had more choice over their school sports kit. The study involved interviews and focus groups with 12 to 13-year-old girls and PE teachers from mixed-sex secondary schools in England. Its findings also revealed girls with lower self-esteem may be less likely to join in their PE lessons if compulsory items of clothing felt too tight or revealing. Dr Alice Porter, from the University of Bristol, said: 'We all have memories of our school PE kits and whether they were appealing, comfy, and warm enough or not to wear. 'Previous research has found many girls feel uncomfortable wearing their PE kits. 'Our study looked at how PE kits affect how girls feel about their bodies, how much they are involved in, and their attitude towards school sports. 'Our findings clearly evidence that when girls don't have any choice over their PE uniform, this can be a deterrent to their participation, especially for girls who feel self-conscious and are lacking in self-confidence.' By analysing pupils' lived experience and insights, the researchers also identified possible solutions to address the related issues, especially for teenage girls who may be more affected by school PE kit rules. Results showed girls want to choose the types of bottoms, such as leggings, jogging bottoms, or shorts, they wear for PE. They also want the option to wear additional layers, so they can cover up parts of their bodies they feel self-conscious about. The research recommends that PE uniforms should be offered in a range of styles to suit all pupils and should not be gender-labelled for girls or boys, so irrespectively they feel empowered to choose what suits them best. Changing rooms were also a big talking point for girls in the study, with many feeling uncomfortable and self-conscious changing for PE. A possible solution identified was for schools to allow pupils to wear their PE kit all day on the days they have PE lessons, an approach which girls and PE staff study participants widely supported. The research has been used to develop free guidance and support for schools nationally on how to develop comfortable and inclusive PE kit policies and practices. The initiative, called the Inclusive Sportswear Community Platform, has been designed by Ms Howard. 'We're delighted to be working with University of Bristol researchers to support our work because PE kit should never be the reason someone stops playing sport or feels unable to fully participate,' the hockey star said. 'Kit is a public health issue, and it's a barrier that can be lifted. Far too often, traditional sports kit policies inadequately support the diverse needs of pupils and forget the purpose of sport – to have fun. 'The research findings have provided powerful insights, which we have used to create practical advice and solutions for schools.' – The study, A qualitative study in UK secondary schools exploring how PE uniform policies influence body image attitudes, and PE engagement among adolescent girls, is published in the journal BMJ Open.


The Independent
an hour ago
- The Independent
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Child poverty is at 'an unbearable level' in the UK, according to a paediatrician who spoke out on the one-year anniversary of the launch of a taskforce set up to tackle the problem. A snapshot survey of medical staff working on the front line suggested the number of child patients they see with poverty-related ill health has risen in the past two years, and the impact of such poverty has increased in severity, with issues including overcrowded or damp housing playing a part. Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer pledged to 'leave no stone unturned to give every child the very best start at life' when the ministerial taskforce was announced on July 17 last year to start work on a child poverty strategy. The strategy had been due to be published in spring, but was subsequently delayed until autumn to align with the Chancellor's budget. The Labour Government has faced sustained pressure to scrap the two-child benefit limit – which restricts child tax credit and universal credit (UC) to the first two children in most households. Organisations working in the sector argue that 109 children across the UK are pulled into poverty by the policy every day and that an estimated 350,000 children would be lifted out of poverty immediately if it was scrapped. A new snapshot survey of members of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (RCPCH) across the UK found just over three-quarters of those polled said the number of patients with poverty-related ill health has increased in the past two years, and the impact of poverty on the health of children is becoming more severe. The survey, made up of 371 responses from paediatricians in April and June this year, found almost all (99%) said said poverty was contributing to ill health among the children they treat, while a similar proportion (96%) said poor housing conditions including overcrowding and damp are affecting the health of the children they treat. A majority of those working with patients in hospital said they had struggled to discharge a child because of poverty-related reasons in the past six months. As well as the issue of substandard housing conditions, paediatricians highlighted problems such as strained finances resulting in families accessing nutritious food, and barriers for some families around getting to healthcare appointments because of the associated costs of travel, parking, childcare and potential loss in earnings in taking time out of work. RCPCH officer for health improvement Dr Helen Stewart said: 'Child poverty in the UK is at an unbearable level, and as a paediatrician, I am deeply concerned by the condition of children arriving at frontline health services. 'The responses to the recent survey are heartbreakingly familiar, poverty is not only worsening children's health – it's pushing the child healthcare workforce to their limits. This is a crisis that demands decisive action from Government.' She described the upcoming child poverty strategy as a 'vital opportunity for the Government to make a meaningful and lasting impact', and urged ministers to 'prioritise the welfare of our children and safeguard our future society'. Child Poverty Action Group chief executive Alison Garnham said: 'Poverty is exacting an appalling toll on the nation's children. 'Blue lights are flashing at Government, and without urgent action the health of the next generation will be compromised. ' Children deserve better and Government's child poverty strategy must invest in their futures, starting by scrapping the two-child limit.' The latest figures showed there were 4.45 million children estimated to be in UK households in relative low income, after housing costs, in the year to March 2024 – the highest number since comparable records for the UK began in 2002/03. A Government spokesperson said: 'Every child – no matter their background – deserves the best start in life. 'That's why we are rolling out family hubs to provide health, education and wellbeing support, investing £500 million in children's development and taking preventative action as part of our 10 Year Health Plan. 'As part of our plan for change our child poverty taskforce will publish an ambitious strategy to tackle the structural and root causes of child poverty, and we are already expanding free school meals, introducing a fair repayment rate on universal credit deductions, and ensuring the poorest children don't go hungry in the holidays through a new £1 billion support package.'