DU to release withheld results of students given second chance
The move is part of a broader effort by the university to address academic disruptions and pending cases.These students had appeared for their remaining exams in two cycles — Nov and Dec 2023 and Jan, May, June and July 2024. However, their results have remained withheld for close to 10 months. Following multiple representations made by students and internal deliberations, officials said DU planned to release the results shortly."The (standing) committee (on academic affairs) after due consideration has decided to accede to the requests of the students for an extension of one year within the span period in exceptional circumstances. The results of such students are withheld by the examination branch," the committee noted in its minutes of a meeting. It added that the examination branch would be requested to declare their results.Asked about the reason behind the delay, DU controller of examination GS Tuteja said he wasn't aware of the matter. "There must be some issue why their results were not released. It could be a college-level issue, I will have to look into each case before saying anything," he said. Meanwhile, DU is also set to give a one-year extension to 27 master's, Bachelor of Mass Communication and LLB students who took admission in 2019 and whose studies were significantly disrupted during the pandemic. These students will be allowed to appear for their remaining exams in the coming months. This extension is being granted in light of the Covid-related academic disruptions.A few individual cases have also been cleared on a special case basis and humanitarian grounds. One of them is a senior railway official who is pursuing an executive MBA from Faculty of Management Studies. He has been granted a special opportunity to complete his course under a provision introduced during DU's centenary year for exceptional cases.Another case involves a visually impaired student from Faculty of Music, who could not complete his degree due to illness. He can now sit for the remaining exams as a special case. Three more students whose academic progress was derailed by Covid-related disruptions have also been granted extensions.University officials said these decisions were in line with DU's approach to support students facing genuine hardships. "These are not blanket extensions, but are carefully considered cases where students had valid reasons for falling short," said an official. DU had earlier allowed time-bound reappearances for students who had exhausted their maximum time for completing a degree, especially during and after Covid-19. The current decisions reflect the continuation of such efforts—providing a "second chance" to students caught in extraordinary situations.
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News18
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Alarm over falling birth rates in the US is misplaced
Pronatalism – the belief that low birth rates are a problem that must be reversed – is having a moment in the US. As birth rates decline in the US and throughout the world, voices from Silicon Valley to the White House are raising concerns about what they say could be the calamitous effects of steep population decline on the economy. The Trump administration has said it is seeking ideas on how to encourage Americans to have more children as the US experiences its lowest total fertility rate in history, down about 25% since 2007. As demographers who study fertility, family behaviors and childbearing intentions, we can say with certainty that population decline is not imminent, inevitable or necessarily catastrophic. The population collapse narrative hinges on three key misunderstandings. First, it misrepresents what standard fertility measures tell us about childbearing and makes unrealistic assumptions that fertility rates will follow predictable patterns far into the future. Second, it overstates the impact of low birth rates on future population growth and size. Third, it ignores the role of economic policies and labour market shifts in assessing the impacts of low birth rates. Fertility fluctuations Demographers generally gauge births in a population with a measure called the total fertility rate. The total fertility rate for a given year is an estimate of the average number of children that women would have in their lifetime if they experienced current birth rates throughout their childbearing years. Fertility rates are not fixed – in fact, they have changed considerably over the past century. In the US, the total fertility rate rose from about 2 births per woman in the 1930s to a high of 3.7 births per woman around 1960. The rate then dipped below 2 births per woman in the late 1970s and 1980s before returning to 2 births in the 1990s and early 2000s. Since the Great Recession that lasted from late 2007 until mid-2009, the U.S. total fertility rate has declined almost every year, with the exception of very small post-Covid-19 pandemic increases in 2021 and 2022. In 2024, it hit a record low, falling to 1.6. This drop is primarily driven by declines in births to people in their teens and early 20s – births that are often unintended. But while the total fertility rate offers a snapshot of the fertility landscape, it is not a perfect indicator of how many children a woman will eventually have if fertility patterns are in flux – for example, if people are delaying having children. Picture a 20-year-old woman today, in 2025. The total fertility rate assumes she will have the same birth rate as today's 40-year-olds when she reaches 40. That's not likely to be the case, because birth rates 20 years from now for 40-year-olds will almost certainly be higher than they are today, as more births occur at older ages and more people are able to overcome infertility through medically assisted reproduction. A more nuanced picture of childbearing These problems with the total fertility rate are why demographers also measure how many total births women have had by the end of their reproductive years. In contrast to the total fertility rate, the average number of children ever born to women ages 40 to 44 has remained fairly stable over time, hovering around two. Americans continue to express favorable views toward childbearing. Ideal family size remains at two or more children, and 9 in 10 adults either have, or would like to have, children. However, many Americans are unable to reach their childbearing goals. This seems to be related to the high cost of raising children and growing uncertainty about the future. In other words, it doesn't seem to be the case that birth rates are low because people are uninterested in having children; rather, it's because they don't feel it's feasible for them to become parents or to have as many children as they would like. Prediction challenges Standard demographic projections do not support the idea that population size is set to shrink dramatically. One billion people lived on Earth 250 years ago. Today there are over 8 billion, and by 2100 the United Nations predicts there will be over 10 billion. That's 2 billion more, not fewer, people in the foreseeable future. Admittedly, that projection is plus or minus 4 billion. But this range highlights another key point: Population projections get more uncertain the further into the future they extend. Predicting the population level five years from now is far more reliable than 50 years from now – and beyond 100 years, forget about it. Most population scientists avoid making such long-term projections, for the simple reason that they are usually wrong. That's because fertility and mortality rates change over time in unpredictable ways. The US population size is also not declining. Currently, despite fertility below the replacement level of 2.1 children per woman, there are still more births than deaths. The US population is expected to grow by 22.6 million by 2050 and by 27.5 million by 2100, with immigration playing an important role. Low fertility and an economic crisis A common rationale for concern about low fertility is that it leads to a host of economic and labour market problems. Specifically, pronatalists argue that there will be too few workers to sustain the economy and too many older people for those workers to support. However, that is not necessarily true – and even if it were, increasing birth rates wouldn't fix the problem. As fertility rates fall, the age structure of the population shifts. But a higher proportion of older adults does not necessarily mean the proportion of workers to nonworkers falls. For one thing, the proportion of children under age 18 in the population also declines, so the number of working-age adults – usually defined as ages 18 to 64 – often changes relatively little. And as older adults stay healthier and more active, a growing number of them are contributing to the economy. Labour force participation among Americans ages 65 to 74 increased from 21.4% in 2003 to 26.9% in 2023 — and is expected to increase to 30.4% by 2033. Modest changes in the average age of retirement or in how Social Security is funded would further reduce strains on support programs for older adults. What's more, pronatalists' core argument that a higher birth rate would increase the size of the labour force overlooks some short-term consequences. More babies means more dependents, at least until those children become old enough to enter the labour force. Children not only require expensive services such as education, but also reduce labour force participation, particularly for women. As fertility rates have fallen, women's labour force participation rates have risen dramatically – from 34% in 1950 to 58% in 2024. Pronatalist policies that discourage women's employment are at odds with concerns about a diminishing number of workers. Research shows that economic policies and labour market conditions, not demographic age structures, play the most important role in determining economic growth in advanced economies. And with rapidly changing technologies like automation and artificial intelligence, it is unclear what demand there will be for workers in the future. Moreover, immigration is a powerful – and immediate – tool for addressing labour market needs and concerns over the proportion of workers. Overall, there's no evidence for Elon Musk's assertion that 'humanity is dying'. While the changes in population structure that accompany low birth rates are real, in our view the impact of these changes has been dramatically overstated. Strong investments in education and sensible economic policies can help countries successfully adapt to a new demographic reality. Leslie Root.
