
ADB, SBP launch Women Finance Code
He was speaking at the launching ceremony of the Women Entrepreneurs Finance Code in Karachi, organised jointly by SBP and the Asian Development Bank (ADB). The event featured national and international dignitaries, who expressed solidarity with the important cause of women's economic empowerment.
Jameel Ahmad, in his keynote address, said that both SBP and the government remain steadfast in their approach to transitioning from the recently hard-earned economic stability to medium-term economic transformation. "This resolve is reflected in our prudent and cautious monetary policy stance, fundamentals-aligned exchange rate, ongoing fiscal consolidation and improving debt dynamics."
He added that this approach is helping to ensure overall macroeconomic stability, building fiscal and external buffers and supporting sustainable economic growth.
With focus now increasingly shifting towards structural reforms, the governor believes that this time is indeed different for Pakistan's economy due to the following facts:
The average headline inflation has declined to 4.5% in FY25 – the lowest level in nine years – and with prudent and coordinated mix of monetary and fiscal policies, the inflation will stabilise within its target range of 5-7%.
The foreign exchange market remains stable driven by external account outperformance and a high-quality buildup of forex reserve buffers. SBP's reserves are now almost five times higher than the low levels witnessed at the start of 2023.
The current account balance is projected to remain supportive, driven by robust remittances and resilient exports, despite rapid growth in both the value and volume of imports in line with the ongoing economic recovery.
Fiscal policy has proactively supported monetary tightening, as reflected in the second consecutive primary surplus in FY25. Both tax and non-tax revenues have shown sizable growth, while overall expenditures have remained relatively contained. The government is targeting a higher primary surplus for FY26. Economic growth is showing signs of gradual, consistent and sustainable recovery.
Ahmad said that unlike in the previous episodes of boom-bust cycles, the current policy mix remains conducive to a lasting increase in economic activity rather than a short-sighted, fragile and populist "sugar rush".
Hashtags

Try Our AI Features
Explore what Daily8 AI can do for you:
Comments
No comments yet...
Related Articles


Business Recorder
35 minutes ago
- Business Recorder
Virtual Asset Ordinance 2025: Explanation and comments—II
Redemption of Asset Reference Token An Issuer of an Asset-Referenced token shall maintain arrangements for the custody, valuation, and safekeeping of reference assets, and ensure redemption, reserve, and disclosure mechanisms in such manner as may be prescribed in Regulations. Illustrative Example in Pakistan's Regulated Exchange Regime Virtual Asset Ordinance 2025: Explanation and comments—I In our view, which may be substantiated when the rules will be prescribed will be that the minimum capital requirement for the issuer is Rs 1 billion. Therefore, if a foreign issuer intends to issue an asset referenced token in Pakistan to Pakistanis then there will be an inward flow of $ 357,000 [Rs 1,000,000@ 280 per 1 $] which will remain invested in Pakistan in various Pakistani assets. The issuer can have assets outside Pakistan also. However, that is not necessary. The Pakistan buyers will pay in rupees; however, they may be issued asset-referenced tokens to the extent of $ actually brought in Pakistan. The Virtual assets in this case may include foreign held assets also. A Pakistani buyer cannot be issued a token with respect to that value. Such offerings will be made to foreigners. In principle, the Pakistani owner of such a token will be allowed to trade in such a token, make payments and investment outside Pakistan on the basis of the value of such token without any approval from the State Bank of Pakistan. This means that a Pakistani has purchased a foreign currency outside Pakistan. There is no risk for the foreign exchange of Pakistan as the equivalent value of initial offering has already been received in $. There will be no repatriation of the initial offering in US $ brought in Pakistan until all the tokens are redeemed and there is an approval for repatriation of funds outside Pakistan. This system effectively means that Pakistanis will be able to make payments outside Pakistan if they acquire tokens of Virtual Assets provided such virtual assets are issued on the basis of funds actually received by State Bank of Pakistan and held and invested in Pakistan. In case of fiat-based token then the redemption shall be at par. This practically means that entities can effectively leverage their assets by issuing tokens which are redeemable as to be prescribed, except in case of fiat based tokens which are redeemable at par. Fiat based tokens are effectively currencies. Bitcoin can be used as organised 'Hawala' Virtual Assets including Bitcoins are owned by many Pakistani out of foreign exchange held outside Pakistan. This may be official money. For example Mr A has Bitcoins, declared in the Wealth Statement reflected in rupees. Say Rs 2800 for $ 10 worth of coin. Mr A can acquire assets in Pakistan worth Rs 2800 from Mr B, a Pakistani and can give him (transfer Bitcoin to Mr B) who wants $ 10 in the USA not involving the State Bank of Pakistan. Mr B can redeem or sell the Bitcoin realising $ 10 in the USA. This means that Mr B has sold an asset in rupees however the amount has been received in $ outside Pakistan. This is an organised 'Hawala'. There can be many variations of this generic transaction. Indian Law In India, there is no law relating to Virtual Assets and the Supreme Court of India has asked the legislature to introduce the one. However, India has introduced the concept of Virtual Digital Assets in the Income tax laws. Under Section 2(47A) of the Indian Income Tax Act, 1961 virtual digital asset means: '(a) Any information or code or number or token (not being Indian currency or foreign currency), generated through cryptographic means or otherwise, by whatever name called, providing a digital representation of value exchanged with or without consideration, with the promise or representation of having inherent value, or functions as a store of value or a unit of account including its use in any financial transaction or investment, but not limited to investment scheme; and can be transferred, stored or traded electronically; (b) Non-fungible Token (NFT) or any other token of similar nature, by whatever name called; (c) Any other digital asset, as the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette specify. In simple words, the virtual digital asset shall mean a cryptocurrency, NFT or another virtual digital asset as notified by the Central Govt. It will not cover subscriptions to any OTT platform, mobile applications, e-commerce platforms, etc. Furthermore the Indian Finance Act, 2022 inserted a new section 194S in the Act with effect from 01/07/2022. The new section mandates a person, who is responsible for paying to any resident any sum by way of consideration for transfer of a virtual digital asset (VDA), to deduct an amount equal to 1% of such sum as income tax thereon. The tax deduction is required to be made at the time of credit of such sum to the account of the resident or at the time of payment, whichever is earlier. Obligation of Issuers of Initial Virtual Asset Offering Prior to offering a Virtual Asset to the public, an Issuer shall publish a 'white paper' in such form and manner as may be prescribed by Regulations. The 'white paper' shall contain true, clear, and not misleading information regarding, inter alia- (a) the nature, characteristics, and purpose of the Virtual Asset; (b) the rights and obligations of holders or purchasers of the Virtual Asset; (c) the economic model technology, and governance mechanisms of the asset or platform; (d) the identity and qualifications of the Issuer, Controllers, and relevant key individuals; (e) associated risks, including market, legal, technological and cyber security risks; and (f) any other information as may be Prescribed. (2) Issuers shall make ongoing disclosures of material information, including any change that may reasonably affect the value, utility, or regulatory status of the Virtual Asset, in such manner and frequency as may be prescribed by the Authority. Tax Every Virtual Asset Service Provider licensed under this Ordinance shall comply with the obligations for tax withholding and the filing of information returns as prescribed under the Income Tax Ordinance, 2001 and any Rules or Regulations issued by the Federal Board of Revenue in relation to transactions involving Virtual Assets and the income of the Virtual Asset Service Provider. Pakistan Virtual Assets Regulatory Authority A body has been formed under the Act to govern the Virtual Assets Ordinance. The Board shall consist of: (a) a Chairperson who shall possess demonstrable expertise in finance, law, technology, or regulatory affairs and be appointed by the Federal Government in the manner Prescribed; (b) the Governor, State Bank of Pakistan; (c) the Secretary, Ministry of Finance; (d) the Secretary, Ministry of Law and Justice; (e) the Secretary, Ministry of Information Technology and Telecommunications; (f) the Chairperson, Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan; (g) the Chairperson Digital Pakistan Authority; (h) the Chairperson FBR; (i) the Director General FIA; and (j) two independent directors with proven expertise and a strong track record possessing expertise relevant to Virtual Asset markets, technology, finance, law or consumer protection, appointed by the Federal Government in the manner prescribed. Service Provider No Person shall, by way of business, engage in, or represent themselves as engaging in, any Virtual Asset Services in or from Pakistan, unless that Person:- (a) is a company incorporated under the Companies Act, 2017 or any other law for the time being in force in Pakistan governing the incorporation of companies; and (b) holds a valid license granted by the Authority under this Ordinance. Advisory Services mean the provision of personalized recommendations to a customer, either upon request or at the initiative of Virtual Asset Service Providers, relating to one or more actions or transactions involving Virtual assets. Broker-Dealer Services means: (a) arranging or facilitating orders for the purchase and sale of Virtual Assets between two parties; (b) soliciting or accepting orders and receiving consideration in fiat currency or Virtual Assets; (c) trading Virtual Assets on the Virtual Asset Service Provider's own account; Exemption: A Person that deals solely on its own account, does not execute orders on behalf of customers, and does not hold or control Customer Assets is not regarded as carrying on 'broker-dealer services' for the purposes of this Ordinance (d) market-making using Customer Assets; or (e) providing placement or distribution services for Issuers. Custody Services mean the safekeeping or controlling, on behalf of customers, of Virtual Assets or of the means of access to such Virtual Assets. Exchange Services mean any of the following: (a) exchanging Virtual Assets for fiat currency; (b) exchanging one or more types of Virtual Assets; (c) matching orders between buyers and sellers and executing conversions as described in (a) and (b ); or (d) maintaining an order book for the above purposes. Lending and Borrowing Services mean the facilitation of lending or borrowing arrangements involving Virtual Assets, where one or more lenders transfer or lend Virtual Assets to one or more borrowers, subject to a contractual obligation for the borrower to return equivalent Virtual Assets at a specified time or upon demand. Virtual Asset Derivatives means the offering or facilitation of transactions in derivatives that have a Virtual Asset as their underlying reference asset. Virtual Asset Management and Investment means acting in a fiduciary or agency capacity Services capacity for the purpose of managing or administering another Person's Virtual Assets, including: Virtual Asset Transfer and Settlement Services includes transfer, transmission, or settlement of Virtual Assets between parties, or from one wallet, address, or location to another, on behalf of customers. Fiat-referenced Token Issuance Services The issuance, offering, redemption, or ongoing management of any fiat or Asset-Referenced token, including: • Establishing or administering reserve assets backing the value of the fiat-referenced Token; • Providing redemption rights or liquidity mechanisms to users or holders; • Operating any infrastructure enabling the issuance, transfer, or conversion of such Fiat-Referenced Token; • Acting as the primary Issuer, reserve custodian, or central administrator of the Fiat-Referenced Token system. (Concluded) Copyright Business Recorder, 2025


Business Recorder
an hour ago
- Business Recorder
ADB flags high digital taxes, unfriendly analog tax processes
ISLAMABAD: The Asian Development Bank (ADB), while terming high taxation on Pakistan's digital infrastructure as a major challenge, said that the analog processes of tax authorities are not user-friendly and impose a hidden compliance burden on taxpayers. The bank in its latest report, 'Pakistan's Digital Ecosystem' recommended the government to rationalise all digital infrastructure taxes, making them competitive against a basket of countries, and fix sector tax rates for at least 10 years, besides fix future spectrum floor prices and de-link the prices from the US dollar. The cost of service provision exacerbates the digital divide, especially for women and marginalised groups, who face asymmetric cost and cultural barriers to accessing the internet. Pakistan's tax-to-GDP ratio lags due to narrow tax net, informal economy: ADB By harnessing digital technologies, the government can drive sustainable economic growth, increase the tax-to-gross domestic product (GDP) ratio, grow exports, boost foreign direct investment, enhance social services, and improve governance, all while reducing costs and increasing efficiency. Pakistan's digital sector directly contributes 1.5per cent to Pakistan's nominal GDP, driving growth, innovation, and societal development; reducing disparities; and unlocking opportunities for societal advancement. The indirect contributions of digital technology to all the other sectors of the economy are also significant, the bank added. Pakistan's adoption of new emerging communication technologies has been slow, leading to delayed transitions between technology generations, as happened at the time of the introduction of 3G. Pakistan's digital infrastructure faces a major challenge from high taxation. Taxes on this sector, both federal and provincial, are some of the highest globally and regionally, and the tax policies tend not to be very consistent, the bank added. Mobile operators contend that, with the lowest-in-the-world average revenue per user (ARPU), exorbitantly high taxes, low adoption of 4G/smartphones, and multiple other outstanding sector issues, it will be extremely challenging to convince their parent companies to invest in 5G roll out in Pakistan, the report noted. Since the beginning of 2021, three successive governments announced that they would organise spectrum auctions to sell a large amount of spectrum for 5G, but none of those announcements came to fruition. It may be noted that the MNOs fear that with the release of more spectrum, they will be pressured to launch 5G services. The telecom sector's spectrum allocation and pricing are inefficient and uncompetitive, limiting the quality and coverage of mobile services. The spectrum auction starting prices and commercial conditions need to be reasonable and attractive for operators. This would facilitate the timely and cost-effective launch of 5G technology and enable new applications and innovations in the digital economy. Other challenges for digital infrastructure include power shortages and frequent internet shutdowns. Although the provinces charge a 19.5per cent general sales tax (GST) on broadband services, they do not even help create demand for internet access, which could stimulate new private sector investments on the supply side. Mobile internet coverage is available to over 80 per cent of the population; the rest live in geographically challenging areas. The gender gap in mobile ownership in Pakistan (86per cent men vs 53per cent women) and in internet access (53per cent vs 33 per cent) is significant. The bank stated that Pakistan faces challenges in implementing e-government initiatives because of the absence of a long-term strategy and a policy framework that ensures continuity, policy evaluation, data driven monitoring, system integration, data management, and cybersecurity. The institutional governance framework for the ICT sector lacks coherence and coordination, thus preventing adequate responsiveness to evolving sectoral needs. Comprehensive investment programs for digital public infrastructure are missing. Missed opportunities are particularly notable in revenue collection, public expenditure operations, and the integration and processing of digital payments across the government. The telecom sector in Pakistan has experienced a decline in revenues and foreign investment, which reflects a very challenging business environment. A renewed focus is needed by the government on engaging with investors and industry stakeholders to address their concerns and provide incentives and facilitation to invest and operate in the country. This would also help to revive not only telecom sector but also every other sector, as telecom acts as an enabler for others. The telecom sector lacks an influential association that can shape policy through dialogue, reliable research, or collaboration. The telecom sector is crucial for data communication, creation, and transmission, and for new technologies like 5G that can enable all other sectors to develop. However, the telecom operators, while often highlighting a difficult business climate, do not have a significant influence on strategic regulatory development despite being a high tax contributing segment. The bank has recommended for establishing a predictable policy framework that encourages private investment in digital public infrastructure. The rules and regulations that operationalize policies and regulate digital businesses need to support innovation and competition. Provinces need to generate demand by subscribing to fiber broadband for schools and hospitals to boost digitalisation in the education and health sectors, which are provincial subjects. With those 'anchor customers,' internet service providers (ISPs) will be able to invest in fiber connections for businesses and households, it added. Promote local manufacturing of smartphones, as against 'dumb' (2G) phones, through a well-conceived set of incentives for private sector and foreign direct investment (FDI), the bank recommended. Create a robust enabling legal and regulatory framework for development and implementation of public–private partnerships (PPPs) for digital infrastructure. Such programmes must be restricted to 'open access' digital infrastructure (i.e., the infrastructure so built must be available to all service providers without any discrimination). Copyright Business Recorder, 2025


Business Recorder
an hour ago
- Business Recorder
Policy mix to forestall boom-bust syndrome
EDITORIAL: The Governor State Bank of Pakistan while speaking at the launch ceremony of Women Entrepreneurs Finance Code stated that unlike in the previous boom-bust cycles the current policy mix is conducive to lasting rise in economic activity rather than a short-sighted, fragile and populist sugar rush. This observation is backed by an optimism displayed in the last four Monetary Policy Statements (MPS). It is significant that the 11 September 2024 International Monetary Fund (IMF) staff report for the 2024 Article IV consultations and request for an Extended Arrangement under the Extended Fund Facility noted that: 'Economic volatility has only increased over time, with a tight correlation between Pakistan's boom-bust economic outcomes and its macroeconomic policies. The repeated attempts to boost economic activity through fiscal and monetary stimulus have not translated into durable growth, as domestic demand increased beyond Pakistan's sustainable capacity, resulting in inflation and depletion of reserves, given a strong political preference for stable exchange rates. Each subsequent bust has further harmed Pakistan's policy making credibility and investment sentiment.' Tellingly, a detailed analysis by the Fund led to the conclusion that these cycles lead to recurrent balance of payment crises, and what the Governor would do well to note is that the discretionary monetary policy (an example being the demand for a low discount rate to jump-start private sector borrowing that in turn would raise industrial output and growth) induces boom-bust inflation cycles and significantly hinders economic growth. The 16 June 2025 statement issued by SBP maintains that 'the MPC anticipates the industry and services sectors to continue to drive economic growth in FY26. This assessment is supported by the sustained momentum in high-frequency indicators — including credit to private sector, imports of machinery and intermediate goods, and business sentiments — and easing financial conditions,' with higher imports a key component of the boom-bust cycle; and the 5 May 2025 statement making the same optimistic observation, 'incoming high-frequency indicators suggest that economic activity is maintaining momentum, as reflected by rising sales of passenger vehicles and petroleum products (excluding furnace oil), increasing electricity generation, and improving business and consumer confidence.' However, these sentiments are not backed yet by corroborating macroeconomic data particularly large-scale manufacturing sector's growth rate that registered negative 1.52 percent July-April 2025 against 0.26 percent in the comparable period of the year before. And while credit to private sector did double from the 323.5 billion rupees July-June 2024 to 676.6 billion rupees in comparable period of 2025 yet the Governor has not yet refuted claims by independent economists that the rise in private sector credit is linked not to the output sector but to the stocks and securities sector. The Governor further noted that the government and the apex bank remain steadfast in transitioning from recently hard-earned economic stability to a medium term economic transformation adding that this resolve is reflected in (i) prudent and cautious monetary policy though there is no consistency in the rationale provided while taking key discount rate decisions leading to the conclusion that the decisions are made by the IMF staff; (ii) fundamentals aligned exchange rate which has remained steady against the dollar even when the dollar plummeted against all major currencies after President Trump announced the imposition of tariffs; (iii) ongoing fiscal consolidation with sustained above 75 percent reliance on indirect taxes for revenue whose incidence on the poor is greater than on the rich; and (iv) improving debt dynamics which have certainly improved due to a reduction in the discount rate from 21 percent in June past year to 11 percent this year though total debt to GDP has risen to around 76 percent. It is concerning that structural reforms continue to focus on raising revenue primarily through raising tax rates rather than amending the inequitable, unfair and anomalous tax structure, reducing debt by lowering the discount rate (which requires IMF approval) and the 1.2 trillion-rupee circular debt retirement indicates lower interest costs due to the lower applicable discount rate rather than any other management or structural reforms. Debt rescheduling as a means to resolving sustained macroeconomic distortions and inefficiencies is unlikely to generate a lasting rise in economic activity and the focus must now shift to on well-defined structural reforms. Copyright Business Recorder, 2025