US designates The Resistance Front as terrorist organisation: What is the significance of the move?

Indian Express

19-07-2025

The United States designated The Resistance Front (TRF) as a terrorist organisation on Friday (July 18).
The decision came three months after TRF claimed responsibility for the Pahalgam terror attack that killed 25 tourists and a local ponywala.
Here is a look at what TRF is, and the significance of the move.
TRF, police say, is a shadow group of the Lashkar-e-Toiba (LeT) that was cast to give 'an indigenous look' to the militancy in Jammu and Kashmir after the abrogation of the special status.
While Pakistan was on the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) grey list, they didn't want Lashkar or Jaish to operate under their own names in the Valley, and floated the TRF and the People Against Fascist Forces (PAFF) to skirt accountability, senior officers say.
TRF emerged almost immediately after the abrogation of special status on August 5, 2019. In October that year, a grenade exploded in a street market in Srinagar, injuring a few vendors. TRF claimed responsibility, but the security agencies labelled the attack 'an act of miscreants'. The attack came at a time when Srinagar was beginning to open after two months of shutdown to protest the revocation of Article 370, and was seen as an attempt to disrupt normalcy.
By mid-2020, TRF had emerged as a prominent force on Kashmir's terror map. They were behind a string of attacks that caught the attention of the security establishment in the Kashmir Valley. It didn't take agencies long to trace TRF's roots to the LeT, a Pakistan-based terror outfit already designated as a terrorist organisation by the US. TRF, the security establishment said, was a 'rebranded Lashkar'.
Security officials said that while TRF is a front for the LeT, it works jointly with other terror outfits in the valley. 'The lines on the ground have blurred. They may have different names, but on the ground, they are one,' said a security official. 'So even if TRF is responsible for a terror attack, some other organisation may claim it. In the last three years, several new names have cropped up, like the Kashmir Fight, the Kashmir Tigers, etc. The cadres are the same, only the name is different. They are all shadow groups.'
What is the significance of the move?
The decision by the US to designate TRF as a terrorist organisation is a diplomatic win for India and a message to Pakistan.
However, its impact on the ground remains to be seen, top security officials in the Valley believe.
'It is a diplomatic win and puts Pakistan in a tight spot, but as far as the militancy is concerned, we will have to wait and watch. We have enough examples from the past – Lashkar, Jaish and even Hizb. All of them have been designated as terrorist organisations, yet they continued their attacks,' said a senior police officer, who has been part of Jammu and Kashmir Police's counter-insurgency grid.
'Unlike Lashkar or Jaish, it (TRF) is not an outfit with a global presence; it has restricted itself to Jammu and Kashmir. After some days, you may see the same people operating under a new name. They will keep changing the nomenclature,' the officer cautioned.
'For outfits like the TRF, terrorism is important, not the brand under which they operate,' he said. 'It is an underground outfit and there is little information about their known assets or structures that can be frozen to deal them a blow.'
Security officials also believe, and hope, that the US decision to declare TRF a terror organisation is likely a signal for Pakistan to step back. 'After Pakistan virtually bailed out the US in Afghanistan and, more recently, the Pakistan Army Chief was invited to the White House, perhaps they were under the impression there would be no repercussions,' said one official.
'It remains to be seen whether the US acts beyond designating TRF as a terrorist organisation. If that happens, we may see Pakistan establishments forcing the Lashkar commanders to pull back the strings of the TRF.'
Bashaarat Masood is a Special Correspondent with The Indian Express. He has been covering Jammu and Kashmir, especially the conflict-ridden Kashmir valley, for two decades. Bashaarat joined The Indian Express after completing his Masters in Mass Communication and Journalism from the University in Kashmir. He has been writing on politics, conflict and development. Bashaarat was awarded with the Ramnath Goenka Excellence in Journalism Awards in 2012 for his stories on the Pathribal fake encounter. ... Read More