French scientists discover new blood type in Guadeloupe woman - Health - Life & Style

Al-Ahram Weekly

7 days ago

French scientists have identified a new blood type, dubbed "Gwada negative", belonging to a French woman from the Caribbean island of Guadeloupe. The woman is the only known carrier of what is now the world's 48th identified blood group system.
A French woman from the Caribbean island of Guadeloupe has been identified as the only known carrier of a new blood type, dubbed "Gwada negative," France's blood supply agency has announced.
The announcement was made 15 years after researchers received a blood sample from a patient who was undergoing routine tests ahead of surgery, the French Blood Establishment (EFS) said on Friday.
"The EFS has just discovered the 48th blood group system in the world!" the agency said in a statement on social network LinkedIn.
"This discovery was officially recognised in early June in Milan by the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT)."
The scientific association had until now recognised 47 blood group systems. Correctly identifying patients' blood types is a crucial step in allowing them to receive potentially life-saving transfusions from compatible blood groups
Thierry Peyrard, a medical biologist at the EFS involved in the discovery, told AFP that a "very unusual" antibody was first found in the patient in 2011.
However, resources at the time did not allow for further research, he added
Scientists were finally able to unravel the mystery in 2019 thanks to "high-throughput DNA sequencing", which highlighted a genetic mutation, Peyrard said.
The patient, who was 54 at the time and lived in Paris, was undergoing routine tests before surgery when the unknown antibody was detected, Peyrard said.
This woman "is undoubtedly the only known case in the world", said the expert.
"She is the only person in the world who is compatible with herself," he said.
Peyrard said the woman inherited the blood type from her father and mother, who each had the mutated gene.
The name "Gwada negative", which refers to the patient's origins and "sounds good in all languages", has been popular with the experts, said Peyrard.
The ABO blood group system was first discovered in the early 1900s, where blood type is identified by the presence or absence of specific antigens. Thanks to DNA sequencing, the discovery of new blood groups has accelerated in recent years.
Peyrard and colleagues are now hoping to find other people with the same blood group.
"Discovering new blood groups means offering patients with rare blood types a better level of care," the EFS said.
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