
Tamil Nadu: Mortal remains of former ISRO scientist Nellai Su Muthu brought to Madurai
Nellai Su. Muthu (74) passed away in Kerala's Thiruvananthapuram on June 16 due to ill health.
He had served as a senior scientist at the Sriharikota Satish Dhawan Space Centre.
PV Venkitakrishnan, a former director at ISRO in a social media post said that Muthu was a renowned scientist, science writer, and author of over 70 books on various topics, including science, children's literature, poetry, history, translation, and criticism.
Some notable works include 'Sevvayil Ulvetkkaiyum Nal Vaaippum' (Exploration and Fortune in Mars), exploring Greek myths and modern scientific possibilities about Mars. His 'Vinveli 2057' (SKY 2057), had won the best book award in Mathematics, Astronomy, Physics, and Chemistry categories for 2000
'Arivuttum Vigyaana Vilaiyaatu' (Science Tricks That Provide Knowledge), won the best book award in Children's Literature category for 2004. 'Einsteinum Andaveliyum' (Einstein and Space), had won the best book award in Biography and Personal History categories for 2005.
Muthu, said the former ISRO director had worked as a senior scientist at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota and collaborated with former President APJ Abdul Kalam.
He received several awards, including the Kavimamani Award from the World Tamil Poets Association of Malaysia and the Best Book Award from the Tamil Development Department of the Government of Tamil Nadu.
'A life dedicated to spreading science and scientific awareness in a language which common man can understand,' Venkitakrishnan said in his post adding 'Pranams to my friend.' (ANI)
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11 crew members aboard Axiom mission resume space science work
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The Star
26-06-2025
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Rocks in Canada's Quebec province found to be the oldest on Earth
An outcrop of meta gabbroic rocks from the Nuvvuagittuq greenstone belt in Nunavik, Quebec, Canada, that are 4.16 billion years old, in this photograph released on June 26, 2025. A knife is pictured for scale. Jonathan O'Neil/Handout via REUTERS (Reuters) -Along the eastern shore of Hudson Bay in Canada's northeastern province of Quebec, near the Inuit municipality of Inukjuak, resides a belt of volcanic rock that displays a blend of dark and light green colors, with flecks of pink and black. New testing shows that these are Earth's oldest-known rocks. Two different testing methods found that rocks from an area called the Nuvvuagittuq Greenstone Belt in northern Quebec date to 4.16 billion years ago, a time known as the Hadean eon. The eon is named after the ancient Greek god of the underworld, Hades, owing to the hellish landscape thought to have existed then on Earth. The research indicates that the Nuvvuagittuq Greenstone Belt harbors surviving fragments of Earth's oldest crust, the planet's outermost solid shell. The Nuvvuagittuq rocks are mainly metamorphosed volcanic rocks of basaltic composition. Metamorphosed rock is a kind that has been changed by heat and pressure over time. Basalt is a common type of volcanic rock. The rocks tested in the new study were called intrusions. That means they formed when magma - molten rock - penetrated existing rock layers and then cooled and solidified underground. The researchers applied two dating methods based on an analysis of the radioactive decay of the elements samarium and neodymium contained in them. Both produced the same conclusion - that the rocks were 4.16 billion years old. Future chemical analyses of these rocks could provide insight into Earth's conditions during the Hadean, a time shrouded in mystery because of the paucity of physical remains. "These rocks and the Nuvvuagittuq belt being the only rock record from the Hadean, they offer a unique window into our planet's earliest time to better understand how the first crust formed on Earth and what were the geodynamic processes involved," said University of Ottawa geology professor Jonathan O'Neil, who led the study published on Thursday in the journal Science. The rocks may have formed when rain fell on molten rock, cooling and solidifying it. That rain would have been composed of water evaporated from Earth's primordial seas. "Since some of these rocks were also formed from precipitation from the ancient seawater, they can shed light on the first oceans' composition, temperatures and help establish the environment where life could have begun on Earth," O'Neil said. Until now, the oldest-known rocks were ones dating to about 4.03 billion years ago from Canada's Northwest Territories, O'Neil said. While the Nuvvuagittuq samples are now the oldest-known rocks, tiny crystals of the mineral zircon from western Australia have been dated to 4.4 billion years old. The Hadean ran from Earth's formation roughly 4.5 billion years ago until 4.03 billion years ago. Early during this eon, a huge collision occurred that is believed to have resulted in the formation of the moon. But by the time the Nuvvuagittuq rocks formed, Earth had begun to become a more recognizable place. "The Earth was certainly not a big ball of molten lava during the entire Hadean eon, as its name would suggest. By nearly 4.4 billion years ago, a rocky crust already existed on Earth, likely mostly basaltic and covered with shallow and warmer oceans. An atmosphere was present, but different than the present-day atmosphere," O'Neil said. There had been some controversy over the age of Nuvvuagittuq rocks. As reported in a study published in 2008, previous tests on samples from the volcanic rock layers that contained the intrusions yielded conflicting dates - one giving an age of 4.3 billion years and another giving a younger age of 3.3 to 3.8 billion years. O'Neil said the discrepancy may have been because the method that produced the conclusion of a younger age was sensitive to thermal events that have occurred since the rock formed, skewing the finding. The new study, with two testing methods producing harmonious conclusions on the age of the intrusion rocks, provides a minimum age for the volcanic rocks that contain these intrusions, O'Neil added. "The intrusion would be 4.16 billion years old, and because the volcanic rocks must be older, their best age would be 4.3 billion years old, as supported by the 2008 study," O'Neil said. (Reporting by Will Dunham in Washington, Editing by Rosalba O'Brien)


The Star
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