Lithuania bids to save Baltic seals as ice sheets recede
'Mothers are forced to breed on land in high concentration with other seals,' said Vaida Surviliene, a scientist at Vilnius University. 'They are unable to recognize their cubs and often leave them because of it,' she said. Rearing cubs ashore also leaves them exposed to humans, other wild animals, rowdy males, as well as a higher risk of diseases, according to Arunas Grusas, a biologist at the center.
Employee Karina Lenko carries buckets with fish to be fed to seals at the Baltic Sea Animal Rehabilitation Center.
Grey seal pups are fed fish in an outdoor pool.
Grey seal pups are fed fish in an outdoor pool.
Grey seal pups are fed fish in an outdoor pool.
Grey seal pups are fed fish in an outdoor pool.
Employees carry a grey seal pup for transportation by boat to the release site in Baltic Sea Animal Rehabilitation Center in Klaipeda.--AFP photos
A grey seal pup looks on in an outdoor pool at the Baltic Sea Animal Rehabilitation Center in Klaipeda before being transported by boat to the release site in the Baltic Sea in Klaipeda on July 2, 2025. Scientists at the seal rehabilitation centre in the Lithuanian port of Klaipeda say only five percent of cubs survive in the wild, where they also face pollution and low fish stocks because of overfishing. The Baltic Sea, which is shared by the EU and Russia, now rarely freezes over because of climate change, depriving seals of sanctuaries to rear their cubs. (Photo by Petras Malukas / AFP) / TO GO WITH AFP STORY BY BENAS GERDZIUNAS
'It was a sensation'
Grusas began caring for seals in 1987 when he brought the first pup back to his office at the Klaipeda Sea Museum, which now oversees the new rehabilitation center built in 2022. 'We taught them how to feed themselves, got them used to the water –- they had to get comfortable with the sea, which spat them out ashore practically dying,' Grusas said. The very first cubs were placed into makeshift baths set up in an office.
'It was a sensation for us, there were practically no seals left then,' Grusas said. The scientists had to learn how to nurse the cubs back to health. First, the cubs were treated to liquid formula before moving onto solid food. At the time in the late 1980s, the seals were close to extinction –- there were just around 4,000 to 5,000 left in the sea from a population of around 100,000 before the Second World War. 'The population began to decrease drastically in the 1950s due to hunting amid competition with fishers,' said Surviliene.
A stockman tries to move a grey seal pup in a transportation net.
Employees move transportation boxes carrying grey seal pups on a boat before setting off for the release site in the Baltic Sea in Klaipeda.
A grey seal pup looks out from a transportation box before being released in the Baltic Sea 20 km from Klaipeda.
Boxes carrying grey seal pups are stacked on a boat before being released in the Baltic Sea.
A grey seal swims in the sea after being released from a boat in the Baltic Sea.
A grey seal swims in the sea after being released from a boat in the Baltic Sea.
'Nothing left to eat'
The 1960s also saw the use of pesticides in agriculture that were 'incredibly toxic for predators', the scientist said. The seals at the top of the food chain in the Baltic Sea absorbed the pollution, leaving the females infertile and the entire population with a weak immune system, unable to ward off parasites and resist infections.
After a ban on toxic pesticide use, the population survived, with the current estimates putting the number of grey seals in the Baltic Sea at 50,000 to 60,000. In a response to overfishing, the European Commission also finally banned commercial cod fishing in the eastern Baltic Sea in 2019.
'Over 80 percent of fish resources in the Baltic Sea have been destroyed, the seals have nothing left to eat,' said Grusas. The ban has yet to show a positive result. 'There has been no fishing of eastern Baltic cod for around five years, but it's not yet recovering -- and it's one of the main sources of food' for the seals, said Darius Daunys, a scientist at Klaipeda University.
Recently a growing number of adult seals have been washing up on Lithuanian beaches. Scientists like Grusas point the finger at near-shore fishing nets, where seals desperate for food end up entangled and ultimately drown.
'Tired of the tension'
Out in the Baltic Sea, the nine released seals took their first swim in the wild. Previously, GPS trackers showed they favored a route north toward the Swedish Gotland Island in the middle of the Baltic Sea, where fish are more plentiful. Others, however, needed a gentle push from the biologists. In previous years, the released seals would even follow the boat back to shore, scared to venture off alone. Eventually they all find their way in the wild.
Grusas is now preparing to retire after dedicating his life to saving animals. He will leave at a time when the grey Baltic seal population has stabilized, but remains highly vulnerable. 'I've spent my whole life with seals,' he said. 'I'm tired of the tension –- you just don't know what can happen to them.' — AFP
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