Scientists find new pathway which could help prevent diet-related liver cancer
However currently there are said to be no effective therapies to stop fatty liver disease from progressing to liver cancer due to a lack of understanding of the mechanisms involved.
Glasgow Caledonian University cancer experts along with scientists from the Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute and The Francis Crick Institute previously identified the tumour suppressor gene p53 as crucial in protecting the liver against toxins.
They have now discovered that p53 also protects the liver from the damaging effects of a high-fat, high-sugar diet.
Scientists found that it does so through a gene known as TIGAR, which acts as an antioxidant and detoxifies lipids in a fatty liver.
Experts said the breakthrough suggests antioxidant therapy could be developed to mimic the protective response of p53 and TIGAR, which would prevent the development of some of the key features of fatty liver disease.
Dr Timothy Humpton, who leads the 'Liver p53 lab' at Glasgow Caledonian University, worked on the research paper with his PhD student Celine Wittke, who is co-first author with Dr Eric Cheung, from The Francis Crick Institute.
Dr Humpton said: 'This research has established a key role for p53 and TIGAR in protecting against the progression from liver disease to liver cancer. Targeting this through the use of antioxidants is of great interest for future therapies aiming to prevent liver cancer.
'Many people still don't realise that a bad diet full of fat and sugar, and the lack of exercise, can actually cause fatty liver disease which can progress to liver cancer, so it's not just people who drink alcohol that are susceptible.'
'Fatty liver disease is hard to diagnose because it's asymptomatic for the most part.
'That's why liver cancer prognosis is so poor in these patients. It's frequently not flagged until it's advanced cancer.
'We are hoping that an antioxidant therapy can be developed through the results of our p53 and TIGAR research to help reverse some of the damage done to the liver by the Western diet high in fat and sugar.'
The research is published in JHep Reports, a leading journal in the field of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.
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Studies show that regularly consuming tea can reduce the number of 'bad' bacteria and increase levels of more beneficial microbes. However, green tea seems to be better than black.' Coffee, he adds, is also beneficial. 'It contains fibre and polyphenols, both of which can feed your gut microbiome. In fact, a study found one microbe called Lawsonibacter asaccharolyticus. This species was much more common in people who drank coffee and was associated with a marker of good metabolic and gut health. In general, it seems that drinking up to five cups per day can support your gut health. And if caffeine doesn't agree with you, decaffeinated coffee is just as good for your microbiome.' The main problem with tea and coffee, of course, is what people put in them. Sugar should be cut out, ideally, and if you're drinking multiple cups per day, add only a small amount of milk – though Moore does point out that for some people, drinking black coffee on an empty stomach may not be advisable: 'It can be quite acidic and disruptive to the digestive system, so adding a bit of milk can soften it and help the body manage the acidity better.'
