'Classic' Hymn Deciphered From Ancient Babylonian Library
While many of the ancient records remain, their fractured nature requires a painstaking effort in solving the world's hardest jigsaw puzzle.
Assyriologists Anmar Fadhil, from the University of Baghdad, and Enrique Jiménez, from Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, have now found a 250-line hymn in praise of the ancient city by comparing text scattered across numerous fragments on tablets.
"It's a fascinating hymn that describes Babylon in all its majesty and gives insights into the lives of its inhabitants," Jiménez explains.
Related:
"It was written by a Babylonian who wanted to praise his city. The author describes the buildings in the city, but also how the waters of the Euphrates bring the spring and green the fields. This is all the more spectacular as surviving Mesopotamian literature is sparing in its descriptions of natural phenomena."
The hymn also reveals details about Babylonian women, of whom little else is known.
"The passage has great importance for understanding the roles played by the various classes of priestesses: ugbakkātu, nadâtu, and qašdātu," Fadhil and Jiménez write.
"The priestesses are particularly virtuous but, in contrast to the active role of men in protecting the helpless, the main virtue praised in women is devotion and discretion."
By digitizing Babylon's cuneiform text fragments, the team traced copies of the hymn across 20 tablets from the 7th to 2nd or 1st centuries BCE; a process that, according to Jiménez, previously would have taken decades.
This process even allowed them to piece together parts of the hymn that were missing from the first tablet.
"Using our AI-supported platform, we managed to identify 30 other manuscripts that belong to the rediscovered hymn," he says. "The hymn was copied by children at school. It's unusual that such a popular text in its day was unknown to us before now."
With the same hymn being found on so many clay tablets, the researchers think the hymn may be a 'classic', one students may have even committed to memory as part of their education.
Read a translated excerpt of the hymn below:
"The Euphrates is her river – established by wise lord Nudimmud – It quenches the lea, saturates the canebrake, Disgorges its waters into lagoon and sea, Its fields burgeon with herbs and flowers, Its meadows, in brilliant bloom, sprout barley, From which, gathered, sheaves are stacked, Herds and flocks lie on verdant pastures, Wealth and splendor – what befit mankind – Are bestowed, multiplied, and regally granted."
The research is published in Iraq.
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CNN
17 hours ago
- CNN
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However, the researchers were surprised to see that the moths recognized the plants' ultrasonic signs of distress, Seltzer said. Even though female moths in the experiments had never laid eggs before — and therefore had no prior experience deciphering acoustic cues from plants — they not only recognized plant sounds, but preferred quieter plants for their first time egg-laying. 'It's a really cool and surprising discovery!' Zhang said. 'We've known for a long time that plants give off smells when they're in trouble, like when they're being eaten by bugs or are thirsty. These smells help attract helpful insects or scare away pests,' he said. 'What's new here is that sound may give extra information — like a warning signal — especially when there's no smell or the smell is hard to detect. ' Plant acoustics is an area of growing interest for scientists, and preliminary work suggests that sound-making is widespread, Seltzer said. Future research could investigate the use of acoustic monitoring to understand how stress affects plant health and could identify potential applications for agricultural pest control. 'I believe this is just the beginning of discoveries in this field,' Seltzer said. 'There are countless organisms that can hear in these frequencies, and potentially many more plant sounds we haven't discovered yet,' she added. 'This is definitely just the tip of the iceberg.' Mindy Weisberger is a science writer and media producer whose work has appeared in Live Science, Scientific American and How It Works magazine. She is the author of 'Rise of the Zombie Bugs: The Surprising Science of Parasitic Mind Control' (Hopkins Press). Sign up for CNN's Wonder Theory science newsletter. Explore the universe with news on fascinating discoveries, scientific advancements and more.
Yahoo
18 hours ago
- Yahoo
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Medscape
a day ago
- Medscape
A Puzzling Pneumothorax in a 36-Year-Old Woman
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A chest x-ray was performed, revealing a left-sided apical pneumothorax characterised by a region of radiolucency with absent lung markings, indicating air accumulation in the pleural space. A pigtail catheter was inserted to relieve the pneumothorax. Despite appropriate pigtail placement and conservative management, the pneumothorax persisted. The patient was referred for surgical evaluation and underwent VATS with pleurodesis and wedge resection. Intraoperatively, a ruptured subpleural bleb in the left upper lobe was identified and excised. Histopathology of the resected tissue was non-specific and showed no malignancy. A chest CT was performed to investigate the underlying cause. Imaging revealed the site of the bleb rupture and multiple thin-walled cysts scattered throughout the lung parenchyma. Given the history of recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax, presence of bilateral pulmonary cysts, and family history of cancer, Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome (BHDS) was suspected. Findings and Diagnosis Genetic testing for mutations in the FLCN gene confirmed the diagnosis. The test included sequencing and deletion/duplication analyses of FLCN . A pathogenic mutation in FLCN , confirmed by molecular testing, established a diagnosis of BHDS. BDHS is a rare autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in the FLCN gene and is characterised by a clinical triad of pulmonary cysts with spontaneous pneumothorax, cutaneous fibrofolliculomas, and renal tumours. Although the estimated prevalence of BHDS is approximately two cases per million, its actual incidence is believed to be higher due to frequent underdiagnosis and highly variable clinical presentations, even among members of the same family. BHDS is often suspected in patients presenting with cystic lung lesions, a family history of related manifestations, recurrent pneumothorax, and characteristic dermatologic findings. A definitive diagnosis is established through genetic testing to confirm pathogenic variants in the FLCN gene. The patient had no known renal or dermatologic manifestations at the time of diagnosis of the disease. She continued to experience mild postoperative dyspnoea and chest discomfort but resumed her daily activities and returned to work. She was scheduled for routine follow-up, including pulmonary function testing and renal surveillance imaging, according to the BHDS management guidelines. Discussion Pulmonary manifestations are often the earliest and most prominent clinical features of BHDS, frequently preceding skin and renal findings. The syndrome is characterised by multiple bilateral pulmonary cysts that tend to be irregular, thin-walled, and predominantly located in the basal and subpleural regions of the lungs. These cysts predispose affected individuals to spontaneous pneumothorax, which can be the first and sometimes the only presenting symptom. One of the key challenges in diagnosing BHDS is its variable presentations. While the classical triad includes skin fibrofolliculomas, renal tumours, and pulmonary cysts, some individuals, like our patient, may present solely with pulmonary involvement. This phenotypic variability can lead to delayed or missed diagnoses, particularly when cutaneous or renal signs are absent or subtle. Approximately 41% of pulmonary cysts present with spontaneous pneumothorax, with a recurrence rate of 41%. The majority of patients (> 90%) develop multiple fibrofolliculomas, especially on the face and upper trunk, in the second or third decade of life, with dermatologic findings serving as the first clinical clue in 25%-50% of cases. Renal tumours are observed in nearly 30% of patients, at a mean age of 50 years. Although the estimated prevalence of BHDS is approximately two cases per million, its actual incidence is believed to be higher due to frequent underdiagnosis and highly variable clinical presentations, even among members of the same family. This highlights the importance of considering BHDS in the differential diagnosis of spontaneous pneumothorax, particularly when it is recurrent or associated with atypical cystic lung disease. Genetic confirmation through FLCN mutation testing is crucial not only to establish a definitive diagnosis but also to initiate appropriate long-term surveillance for potentially life-threatening renal malignancies. Surgical intervention, such as VATS pleurodesis, may be necessary when conservative approaches fail. This case underscores the importance of considering BHDS in patients presenting with recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax, particularly when bilateral pulmonary cysts are evident and no other clear aetiology is identified.