Kerala On Alert After Nipah Virus Cases: Know Causes, Symptoms And Treatment
Amid the rising concerns over the spread of the deadly virus, here's everything to know about the Nipah virus.
What is the Nipah virus?
Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly fatal zoonotic virus, meaning it spreads from animals to humans. It causes acute encephalitis (inflammation of the brain), respiratory distress, and in many cases, death.
The deadly virus was first identified in Malaysia in 1999 and has since triggered several deadly outbreaks in South and Southeast Asia. In Kerala, the first outbreak in 2018 claimed 17 lives.
The Nipah virus is primarily spread from fruit bats to humans. Contact with infected bats, their saliva or contaminated food can transmit the virus. Human-to-human transmission has also been observed, particularly through respiratory droplets and bodily fluids.
Nipah virus symptoms
Initial symptoms of Nipah virus include fever, headache, muscle pain, dizziness and drowsiness.
As the disease progresses, symptoms can escalate to encephalitis (brain inflammation), seizures and confusion. Respiratory issues such as cough and sore throat may also appear.
In severe cases, the virus can lead to coma and death.
The Health Department has urged the public to remain alert, avoid consuming fruits bitten by bats, and seek medical attention promptly if symptoms arise.
Nipah virus treatment
There is currently no vaccine for Nipah. Health officials often focus on supportive care, including maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance and addressing symptoms as they arise.
Nipah virus prevention
The World Health Organisation recommends minimising contact with fruit bats and pigs, especially in outbreak areas. Ensure food is thoroughly cooked and avoid consuming raw or partially cooked fruits. Good hygiene practices, such as frequent handwashing and using personal protective equipment, are essential in preventing the spread of the virus.
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