World Population Day: 10 most populous countries in the world (and where does the US rank on the list)
World Population Day
is a reminder of the dynamic shifts in global demographics. Established by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in 1989 and institutionalized by the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), this day aims to raise awareness about population-related issues such as family planning, gender equality, poverty, maternal health, and human rights.
In 2025, as we observe this day – the global population has already surpassed 8.2 billion. Naturally, the question arises – which is the most populated country in the world?
Let's take a look at the list of the 10 most populous countries.
India
India, one of the most significant countries in South Asia, has reached the mark of 1.46 billion in regard to its population – making it the world's most populous country. What's the secret? Despite a declining fertility rate below the replacement level, India's youthful demographic and rapid urbanization continue to drive its population growth.
China
With 1.41 Billion in population, China, once the most populous country, now ranks second – after India took the throne. In recent years, the nation is facing demographic challenges due to an aging population and low birth rates, which has led to a projected decline in population over the coming decades .
United States
The United States of America ranks third on the list of most populous countries. In 2025, the population of the US is projected at 347 million, with growth driven by immigration and a relatively higher fertility rate compared to other developed nations.
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Indonesia
Indonesia, the Southeast Asian country with a vibrant and diverse culture and delicious cuisine – currently stands at 286 million. The population of the country continues to grow, influenced by its status as the largest economy in Southeast Asia and a significant youth demographic.
Pakistan
India's neighboring country, Pakistan's population has reached 255 million, with rapid urbanization and a young population contributing to its growth trajectory.
Nigeria
Nigeria, the land of Nollywood and diverse ethnic groups, has a population that currently stands at 238 million, making it the most populous country in Africa. The nation's growth is fueled by high fertility rates and a youthful population.
Brazil
Known as the soccer center of the world, Brazil's population is projected at 213 million, with urbanization and a declining fertility rate influencing its demographic trends.
Bangladesh
Enriched with history, heritage, and stunning landscapes, Bangladesh has a population of 176 million, with improvements in healthcare and family planning contributing to its growth.
Russia
Despite its significant global influence and an extremely rich historical lineage, Russia's population currently stands at 144 million, experiencing a decline due to low birth rates and high mortality rates.
Mexico
The land of beaches and cultural riches, Mexico, rounds out the top ten with a population of 132 million, influenced by fertility rates and migration patterns.
The United States: A closer look
In 2025, the United States is to remain the third most populous country globally, with a projected population of 347 million. This growth is primarily attributed to immigration, which continues to contribute significantly to the nation's demographic expansion . However, the US faces challenges such as an aging population and declining fertility rates, which may impact future growth. As per a CBO report, the US population is projected to start shrinking in 2033 unless immigration drives growth.
Deaths are expected to surpass births, making immigration crucial for sustaining labor force participation.
World Population Day: India ranks second on world map as the most populated country
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