BRICS condemns increase of Trump tariffs
The two-day summit was marked by the absences of two of its most powerful members. China's President Xi Jinping did not attend a BRICS summit for the first time since he became his country's leader in 2012. Russian President Vladimir Putin, who spoke via videoconference, continues to mostly avoid traveling abroad due to an international arrest warrant issued after Russia invaded Ukraine.
In an indirect swipe at the US, the group's declaration raised 'serious concerns' about the rise of tariffs which it said were 'inconsistent with WTO rules.' The BRICS added that those restrictions 'threaten to reduce global trade, disrupt global supply chains, and introduce uncertainty.'
Brazil's President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, who hosted the summit, criticized NATO's decision to hike military spending by 5 percent of GDP annually by 2035. That sentiment was later echoed in the group's declaration.
'It is always easier to invest in war than in peace,' Lula said at the opening of the summit.
Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian, who was expected to attend the summit before the attacks on his country in June, sent his foreign minister Abbas Araghchi to the meeting in Rio.
The group's declaration criticized the attacks on Iran without mentioning the US or Israel, the two nations that conducted them.
In his speech, Araghchi told leaders he had pushed for every member of the United Nations to condemn Israel strongly. He added Israel and the US should be accountable for rights violations. The Iranian foreign minister said the aftermath of the war 'will not be limited' to one country.
'The entire region and beyond will be damaged,' Araghchi said.
BRICS leaders expressed 'grave concern' for the humanitarian situation in Gaza, called for the release of all hostages and a return to the negotiating table, and reaffirmed their commitment to a two-state solution.
Later, Iran's Araghchi said in a separate statement on messaging app Telegram that his government had expressed its reservation regarding a two-state solution in a note, saying it will not work, 'just as it has not worked in the past.'
Also on Telegram, Russia's Foreign Ministry in another statement named the US and Israel, and condemned the 'unprovoked military strikes' against Iran.
The group's 31-page declaration mentions Ukraine just once, while condemning 'in the strongest terms' recent Ukrainian attacks on Russia.
'We recall our national positions concerning the conflict in Ukraine as expressed in the appropriate fora, including the UN Security Council and the UN General Assembly,' the group said.
Joao Alfredo Nyegray, an international business and geopolitics professor at the Pontifical Catholic University in Parana, said the summit could have played a role in showing an alternative to an unstable world, but won't do so.
'The withdrawal of Egypt's President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi and the uncertainty about the level of representation for countries like Iran, Saudi Arabia and the UAE are confirming the difficulty for the BRICS to establish themselves as a cohesive pole of global leadership,' Nyegray said. 'This moment demands high-level articulation, but we are actually seeing dispersion.'
While Lula advocated Sunday for the reform of Western-led global institutions, Brazil aimed to avoid becoming the target of higher tariffs.
Trump has threatened to impose 100 percent tariffs against the bloc if they take any moves to undermine the dollar. Last year, at the summit hosted by Russia in Kazan, the Kremlin sought to develop alternatives to US-dominated payment systems which would allow it to dodge Western sanctions imposed after Russia's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022.
Brazil decided to focus on less controversial issues in the summit, such as promoting trade relations between members and global health, after Trump returned to the White House, said Ana Garcia, a professor at the Rio de Janeiro Federal Rural University.
'Brazil wants the least amount of damage possible and to avoid drawing the attention of the Trump administration to prevent any type of risk to the Brazilian economy,' Garcia said.
BRICS was founded by Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa, but the group last year expanded to include Indonesia, Iran, Egypt, Ethiopia, and the United Arab Emirates.
As well as new members, the bloc has 10 strategic partner countries, a category created at last year's summit that includes Belarus, Cuba and Vietnam.
That rapid expansion led Brazil to put housekeeping issues — officially termed institutional development — on the agenda to better integrate new members and boost internal cohesion.
Despite notable absences, the summit is important for attendees, especially in the context of instability provoked by Trump's tariff wars, said Bruce Scheidl, a researcher at the University of Sao Paulo's BRICS study group.
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