What happens to your brain during a migraine and how to manage it?
A migraine is a neurological (brain-related) condition that causes severe headache, often on one side of the head.advertisementIt can last for hours or even days. According to Dr. Bhaskar Shukla, Consultant Neurologist at PSRI Hospital, 'A migraine affects the brain's normal functioning. It involves changes in nerve signals, brain chemicals, and blood flow.'During a migraine, the brain experiences something called 'cortical spreading depression' – a wave of unusual electrical activity that spreads across the brain and then slows down.This can trigger pain and inflammation in the blood vessels, causing that strong, throbbing sensation.COMMON SYMPTOMS OF A MIGRAINEThrobbing or pulsating pain (usually on one side)Sensitivity to light, sound, or smellsNausea or vomitingDizziness or fatigueVisual changes (called "aura") such as flashes of light or blind spotsWHAT CAUSES IT?The exact cause of migraines is still unclear, but several factors can increase the risk, including low serotonin levels in the brain, hormonal changes, especially in women during menstruation or menopause, stress and poor sleep, and food triggers like processed meats, cheese, chocolate, and caffeine.Dr. Shukla explains that in people with aura (visual or sensory disturbances before the headache), these brain changes are more intense.Migraine may also be connected to mood disorders and seizures, as all involve similar brain activity, says Dr. Anurag Saxena, Neurosurgery Head at Manipal Hospital, Delhi-NCR.CHANGES IN THE BRAINRecent research shows that migraines could lead to or be linked with changes in brain structure:Volume loss: Some brain areas, like the left basal forebrain and optic chiasm, may be smaller in migraine patients.White matter damage: White matter, which helps different brain areas communicate, may have small damaged spots.Blood flow changes: Blood volume and circulation in the brain may also change during a migraine.HOW TO MANAGE A MIGRAINE?Migraines can't be cured, but they can be managed and prevented with the right approach.Prevention:Get regular sleep and drink plenty of waterAvoid known triggers (foods, smells, stress)Exercise and relax with meditation or yogaConsider preventive medications (as prescribed by a doctor)Treatment:Over-the-counter pain relievers (like NSAIDs)Triptans (special migraine medications)Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and mindfulness practicesIf you suffer from frequent migraines, consult a neurologist. Understanding your triggers and treatment options can help you take control of the condition.Migraines are a real neurological issue that affects brain function, daily life, and overall health. With the right mix of medical care and lifestyle habits, migraines can be managed effectively.- Ends
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