To lead in fields from AI to quantum computing, more Indians need to opt for MTech and PhDs

Indian Express

14-05-2025

Written by T G Sitharam
The latest data on MTech enrollment in engineering paints a concerning picture: The numbers have hit a seven-year low. From an approved intake of 1.81 lakh in 2018–19, only about 1.3 lakh seats were offered in 2023–24, and less than 45,000 students enrolled. This means close to two-thirds of postgraduate (PG) engineering seats are lying vacant across the country. The trend is not merely statistical — it reflects a deeper malaise in the higher technical education ecosystem that policymakers, educators, and institutions must collectively address.
But first let's understand why interest in MTech and PhD is declining. Today's graduates are in a race to secure jobs as early as possible. The growing demand in industry, coupled with attractive pay packages post-BTech, makes immediate employment a more compelling option than continuing for another two years in postgraduate education. Many bright students prefer pursuing Master's or research degrees abroad, drawn by advanced facilities, higher scholarships, global exposure, and better job prospects.
A significant section of students and recruiters alike do not perceive MTech as significantly enhancing employability or skill sets unless it is from a premier institution. For students who do consider MTech, the financial pressure is real. The scholarship amount of Rs 12,400 per month, last revised in 2015, is no longer sufficient to cover even basic living expenses in cities. With inflation and rising costs, the scholarship is simply inadequate. For PhD aspirants, a vibrant research environment is crucial.
Unfortunately, many institutions still lack high-end laboratories, mentorship, industry linkage, or cross-disciplinary opportunities, leading to academic inertia and disillusionment. Many MTech students traditionally aspired for faculty roles in engineering colleges. However, the expansion of engineering institutions has plateaued, and job security, pay parity, and career growth in academia are no longer as attractive as before.
At the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE), we are deeply conscious of these challenges and are actively working to implement both short-term incentives and long-term structural reforms to revive interest in MTech and PhD programs. We have formally proposed to the Ministry of Education to increase the monthly scholarship to Rs 18,600 for GATE-qualified postgraduate students. This revision is long overdue and aligns with the 50 per cent hike given in 2015 (from Rs 8,000 to Rs 12,400). The aim is to make higher education more financially viable and reduce the opportunity cost for meritorious students.
The AICTE has also recommended expanding the eligibility for PG scholarships to include students who may not have cleared GATE but have demonstrated academic excellence with a CGPA of 8.5 or above in their undergraduate programs from AICTE-approved institutions. This would widen access to scholarships and recognise multiple forms of merit.
In a landmark step, the AICTE is planning to include PhD programmes under its purview. This would enable us to set minimum quality standards, ensure regular evaluation, encourage interdisciplinary and applied research, and introduce robust monitoring mechanisms.
Through schemes like YASHASWI, we are continuously investing in upgrading laboratories, promoting innovation, and encouraging institutions to develop Centres of Excellence that attract both MTech and PhD aspirants. To bridge the gap between education and employability, the AICTE is working to embed industry collaboration in postgraduate programmes. Internships, live projects, industry mentorship, and co-designed curricula will help students see real-world relevance in deeper learning. Recognising that postgraduate education is a pipeline for future educators, the AICTE is revisiting pay structures, academic mobility schemes, and professional development opportunities to rejuvenate teaching as a desirable and fulfilling career path.
India is at the cusp of technological transformation — from artificial intelligence to quantum computing, from green energy to smart infrastructure. To lead in these domains, we need a strong pool of advanced thinkers, innovators, and researchers — not just entry-level professionals.
Encouraging students to pursue MTech and PhDs is no longer optional — it is imperative for building the intellectual and technological capital of the country. We must reshape perceptions. A postgraduate degree is not merely an academic credential — it is a gateway to depth, specialisation, innovation, and leadership. At the AICTE, we remain committed to making postgraduate and research education aspirational, affordable, and impactful.
The writer is chairman, AICTE