What types of cancers are most responsive to immunotherapy in patients
It brings hope, particularly for those patients who have failed to respond to the conventional approach.
How immunotherapy works
Immunotherapy strengthens the immune system to better see and destroy cancer. This is done either by augmenting the body's own defenses or by arming it with man-made proteins and antibodies that enable it to better attack cancer cells. Not a cure for every type of cancer, immunotherapy has been truly successful in a broad spectrum of cancers and continues to evolve.
Important forms of immunotherapy
1.
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Checkpoint inhibitors act by inhibiting the proteins that shield cancer from immune cells. The most common checkpoint inhibitors are:
PD-1 Inhibitors:
Pembrolizumab
Nivolumab
PD-L1 Inhibitors:
Atezolizumab
Avelumab
Durvalumab
2. Monoclonal Antibodies (MAbs)
These laboratory-made molecules function as replacement antibodies that can replace, stimulate, or copy the immune system's attack against cancer cells.
Brentuximab
Trastuzumab
Bevacizumab
Cetuximab
3.
CAR T-Cell Therapy
It is an individualized treatment that alters the T cells of a patient to identify and destroy cancer cells more effectively.
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It has been exceptionally effective in cancers affecting the blood, such as lymphoma and leukemia.
4.Oral Immunomodulators
They are drugs that manage the immune response in certain types of cancer. Some of them are:
BCG (for cancer of the bladder)
Imiquimod cream (for skin cancer)
5. Cancer Vaccines
Vaccines against viruses such as HPV have demonstrated a clear advantage in the prevention of cervical and other cancers due to HPV.
Cancers responding well to immunotherapy
Immunotherapy has made notable strides in treating various cancers, either alone or in combination with other treatments:
1) Brain Cancer - Medications such as Dostarlimab, Pembrolizumab, and Bevacizumab have enhanced treatment outcomes.
2) Breast and Cervical Cancer - The same medications have also demonstrated additional success in increasing survival rates.
3)Colorectal Cancer - Treatments consist of Bevacizumab, Cetuximab, Panitumumab, and Ramucirumab.
4) Lung Cancer – Amivantamab and other checkpoint inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies, have become routine in most cases.
5)Lymphoma - Treatments such as Retuximab, Brentuximab, and CAR T-cell therapy are making a huge difference.
6) Melanoma - One of the most malignant skin cancers, melanoma is highly sensitive to immunotherapy, so it's often the treatment of choice.
7)Other common cancers - Head and neck, cervical, intestinal, oesophageal, pancreato-biliary, kidney, and genito-urinary cancers also yield good results with immunotherapy.
As continuing research hones and individualizes these treatments, immunotherapy is a potent weapon in the oncologist's arsenal. Its capacity to treat where other means fail already has altered the lives of countless patients and it holds still greater promise for the future.
Immunotherapy is not only a therapy - it's a revolution in the war against cancer.
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