
Zelensky Ukraine's withdrawal from anti-landmine treaty
Ukraine's President Volodymyr Zelensky on Sunday signed a decree putting his war-torn country on track to leave the anti-landmine Ottawa...
Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky gives a joint press conference with the German Chancellor at the Chancellery in Berlin on 11 October 2024. Picture: Tobias Schwarz / AFP
Ukraine's President Volodymyr Zelensky on Sunday signed a decree putting his war-torn country on track to leave the anti-landmine Ottawa Convention, according to a document published on his website.
The treaty bans signatories from acquiring, producing, stockpiling or using anti-personnel mines, which are designed to be buried or hidden on the ground.
They often leave victims mutilated if they are not immediately killed, and aid groups denounce the long-term risk of unexploded mines for civilians.
Putting Ukrainians first
More than 160 countries and territories are signatories to the Ottawa Convention, though neither the United States nor Russia have joined.
'I hereby decree… to put into effect the decision of the National Security and Defence Council of Ukraine dated June 29, 2025 on Ukraine's withdrawal' from the landmark convention, Zelensky said.
To enter into force, the decision still must be ratified by the Ukrainian parliament and notified to the United Nations.
Confronted with Russia's invasion, 'Ukraine is compelled to give unconditional priority to the security of its citizens and the defence of the state,' Ukraine's foreign ministry said in a statement.
It said the decision to withdraw was 'difficult but necessary' in order to 'protect our land from occupation, and our people from horrific Russian atrocities.'.
'This step has been demanded by the reality of war long ago,' a Ukrainian lawmaker, Roman Kostenko, said on social media.
'Russia… uses mines against our military and civilians on a massive scale. We cannot remain bound by conditions when the enemy has no restrictions,' he said.
The treaty withdrawal, more than three years into Moscow's invasion, follows similar decisions by Kyiv's allies Poland, Finland, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia — all neighbours of Russia.
In March, human rights groups condemned their intention to pull out from the convention.
READ NEXT: Ukraine war 'existential,' Kremlin says, launching revenge strikes
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eNCA
an hour ago
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Thousands block roads in another night of Serbian protests
BELGRADE - Thousands of protesters blocked major roads in Belgrade and other Serbian cities on Sunday, as demonstrations calling for snap elections continued into a second night following Saturday's huge rally in the capital. On Saturday, around 140,000 people rallied in central Belgrade, the latest gathering in over half a year of demonstrations triggered by the collapse of a train station roof in the city of Novi Sad in November, killing 16 people in a disaster widely blamed on shoddy construction resulting from entrenched corruption. Anti-graft activists, responding to the arrest of a "large number of citizens" in the wake of the protest, called for more action - with thousands responding to set up dozens of blockades around the capital. At the key Autokomanda junction, protesters were setting up tents preparing to stay overnight, according to an AFP photographer. Protesters posted images of similar blockades from several other cities, including Novi Sad, and published plans for dozens of similar protests around the country. Local media and videos posted by protesters showed large crowds streaming onto major bridges, and students forming barriers from bins and fences. Serbian Interior Minister Ivica Dacic told local station Pink TV that authorities were monitoring the situation. Earlier on Sunday, President Aleksandar Vucic remained defiant against protesters' demands for early elections, accusing the student-led movement of causing "terror" AFP | DJORDJE KOSTIC "Serbia has won, and you cannot defeat Serbia by violence as some wanted," Vucic said in a televised speech. -'Not a moment for withdrawal'- Clashes with police after Saturday's rally ended with dozens of arrests, as riot officers used tear gas and batons to attempt to disperse a crowd that also threw bottles and flares. Authorities said 48 officers had been injured, one seriously, and put the crowd size at 36,000 -- well below an independent estimate by the Archive of Public Gatherings of around 140,000. Dacic said 22 people had sought medical help, of whom two were seriously injured. Ahead of Sunday's blockades, eight people were arrested on accusations including planning to block roads and attack state institutions "in order to violently change the state order", the Higher Prosecutor's Office said in a statement. Police said they had detained 77 people, with 38 still in custody following Saturday's rally. "This is not a moment for withdrawal," protest organisers said on Instagram, encouraging people to gather outside the prosecutors' office and demand their release. But Vucic insisted "there will be many more arrested for attacking police. This is not the end." He said there would be "no negotiations with terrorists and those who want to destroy the state". - 'Take freedom' - Ahead of Saturday's protest, organisers had issued an "ultimatum" for Vucic to call elections -- a demand he had dismissed well before the rally began. On Sunday, he reiterated there would not be any national vote before the end of 2026. The outcry over the Novi Sad disaster has already led to the resignation of the country's prime minister and a cabinet reshuffle. Vucic has repeatedly alleged the protests are part of a foreign plot to destroy his government. More than a dozen people have been arrested in recent weeks, a crackdown that has now become routine ahead of large demonstrations. After the rally, organisers played a statement to the crowd calling for Serbians to "take freedom into your own hands". "The authorities had all the time to meet the demands and prevent an escalation," the organisers said in a statement.


Daily Maverick
9 hours ago
- Daily Maverick
Putin's oil and gas man joins secretive Antarctic Treaty meeting in Milan
The Russian official — until recently in charge of the firm that has stitched together vast maps of South Pole hydrocarbons — is helping negotiate Putin's 'scientific' interests at the prestigious diplomatic gathering in Milan. It may not be insignificant that Russia's delegation at the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting (ATCM) in the Italian fashion capital includes Pavel Lunev. Until April 2023, Lunev had been head of the Russian state firm responsible for mapping Antarctica's oil, gas and other minerals — at least since the region's mining ban entered into force in 1998. That firm is owned by Rosgeo — the Kremlin's mineral explorer. Indeed, Lunev would land a weighty promotion after Rosgeo's seismic survey ship had once more headed via Cape Town to the Antarctic seabed in the austral summer of 2023 for another season of 'scientific research'. That event sparked environmental protests at the port city's V&A Waterfront — one of South Africa's most popular tourist destinations — and a letter of demand by 29 South African groups, which called on Pretoria to intervene. Pretoria's answer at the time? The Russian state mineral explorer was free to pursue its interests under the treaty's 'freedom of scientific investigation' principle — also allowed by the region's mining ban. Moscow's response? Giving Lunev a top job in Antarctica: that is, heading the Russian Antarctic Expedition, the state agency that executes Moscow's operational interests in the frigid southern frontier. Who is Pavel Lunev? A trained palaeontologist with tousled hair and a smile fit for the cover of Outside magazine, Lunev now appears in a suit and tie in a Russian press statement on the delegation's work in Milan — wearing a look that says, 'I'm not outside right now.' Lunev previously told Daily Maverick that geological and geophysical surveys by Rosgeo's Polar Marine Geosurvey Expedition (PMGE) was 'no different from the work conducted by other members' signed up to Antarctica's environmental laws. Indeed, some of PMGE's work includes standard sciences such as glacial evolution. The Rosgeo subsidiary had also probed 'the glacial processes, dynamics and evolution of the ice sheet, and the stages of Antarctic glaciation' and 'the nature and foundation of the Earth's crust', said Lunev. However, recent developments also involve: A July 2024 Russian-Chinese Antarctic geology paper that suggests nothing about prospecting, but appears in the state mining journal. Paper author Professor German Leitchenkov, a PMGE collaborator who has extensively researched Antarctica's mineral 'potential', presented his research on sub-ice sampling at an international Antarctic science conference held in Chile in August 2024; PMGE's stated goals up to at least 2030, which include identifying the Southern Ocean's 'mineral raw material potential'; A 2022 PMGE petroleum geology paper, which describes the 'high oil and gas potential' in the D'Urville Sea off East Antarctica; A February 2020 Rosgeo statement, which used Cape Town port to announce 70 billion tons of hydrocarbons off East Antarctica (500 billion barrels or 15 times global annual oil consumption); and … Documented claims betraying the Russian state's geopolitical motivations: 'The works of the PMGE aimed at studying the geological structure and mineral resources of the Antarctic are of geopolitical nature. They ensure guarantees of Russia's full participation in any form of possible future development of the Antarctic mineral resources — from designing the mechanisms for regulating such activities up to their direct implementation,' PMGE revealed in 2017. Leitchenkov's joint paper in a July 2024 edition of the Russian state journal, the 'Exploration and Protection of Mineral Resources'. (Image: Screenshot) Westminster releases findings on Russian hydrocarbon surveys Meanwhile, Westminster's newly released findings on the UK's Antarctic interests, issued this month, devote a section to 'commercial mining' and the Russian activities uncovered by Daily Maverick. According to the report, 'the Russian state-owned vessel [Akademik] Alexander Karpinsky has conducted seismic surveys in Antarctic waters, identifying potential hydrocarbon reserves estimated at 70 billion tonnes' — an activity that 'raised serious concerns' during the inquiry. In addition to findings published in October 2021 and May 2022, in May 2024 Daily Maverick also revealed that the Karpinsky had spent six summers since 2011 surveying for oil and gas in an area counterclaimed by Argentina, Chile and the UK. Asked to explain the Russian activities during Westminster's May 2024 inquiry, UK Polar Regions head Jane Rumble claimed that 'Russia has been tackled on this before and, in fact, has assured the ATCM on multiple occasions that this is a science programme, so we'll keep it under review'. Just, in fact, two 'assurances' The June 2025 inquiry findings quote Rumble's claim. However, the ATCM database contains no record of any government, including Rumble's, 'tackling' Russia 'on this' matter. As for 'multiple assurances', Russia had offered just one by the time Rumble made her claim. It was offered nearly a quarter of a century before at the 2002 Warsaw ATCM — where the Russian delegation did argue scientific intent in a draft document published by Daily Maverick. Yet, this draft also refuses to rule out 'utilisation of the Antarctic mineral wealth' which may only occur 'in the indefinitely remote future'. Russia delivered one additional 'assurance' — on 24 May 2024, but only after Rumble had delivered her testimony on 8 May. A media firestorm erupted after Rumble's testimony, capped by Chilean president Gabriel Boric twice tweeting that Santiago would defend its claimed territory against oil exploitation. So, not everyone has approached Russia's self-declared interests in Antarctic oil and gas like a geopolitical wet-floor sign. In February 2024, Washington — the treaty depositary — placed the Karpinsky under energy sanctions. And the US delegation had led an initiative reaffirming Antarctica's mining ban at the 2023 ATCM in Helsinki, Finland. Ukraine, immediately after the 2024 ATCM in Kochi, India, said Russia was blocking environmental initiatives, which 'once again confirms that the true intentions of its presence in Antarctica is mining'. Russia also reaffirmed the ban in Helsinki and Rumble, in her inquiry defence, said that 'there isn't any evidence that would point to a breach of the treaty. You would need different equipment between surveying and actual exploitation. There is not a shift to it, but, yes, we are watching it very closely.' Rumble has not responded to queries sent since last year. This is 'manifestly prospecting … what the Russians are doing' Some experts disagree that the act of putting a symbolic signature on the reaffirmation of the mining ban refutes the documented reality of Rosgeo's activities. Westminster's inquiry findings, in fact, point out that the 'Article 7' mining ban 'prohibits 'any activity relating to mineral resources, other than scientific research''. While the ban does not define a 'mineral resource' activity, the inquiry findings do. 'Any activity relating to mineral resources,' the findings say, 'includes prospecting, exploration and exploitation for commercial purposes'. And it is Antarctic governance expert Professor Alan Hemmings, of New Zealand's University of Canterbury, who told Daily Maverick in a recent webinar that the 'Karpinsky has been engaged in what is manifestly mineral prospecting'. Hemmings explains: 'Article 7 prohibits mineral resource activities, and mineral resource activities were defined in an earlier treaty that didn't enter into force quite carefully. And among the things that constitute mineral resource activities was prospecting. 'That's what the Russians are doing.' Why is Russia in Milan? It is unclear what submissions the Russian delegation will be making at this year's ATCM, which concludes on Thursday, 3 July. Yet, since the details of these 'prospecting' activities have not been tabled at any ATCM, it is highly unlikely that Moscow's envoys are now in Milan to formally discuss that contentious matter. The agenda remains opaque because the meeting has been a closed-door event since the treaty was signed in 1959 and that is why the press is stopped from reporting on the live substance of the 10-day talks. This year, the Russian statement from Milan says, the discussions are expected to focus on matters such as science and tourism. Lucia Sala Simeon, the only journalist reportedly at 30 minutes of the 'public' opening plenary, noted that she was briefly allowed into the venue. 'I was accompanied by a member of staff — who kept a close eye on me,' notes the Milan-based reporter. 'I was the only journalist there.' She added: 'I had to leave the room and was escorted out; in the next few days, I would no longer be allowed inside the venue, not even in the lounge. So, I'll be staying outside in the garden, like a homeless [person].' Italy, South Africa — reactions, non-reactions Italy's foreign ministry has not responded to Daily Maverick's multiple queries first sent August 2024. Treaty party South Africa, under a revamped 'conservation'-focused delegation, in an interview said Pretoria's 'non-aligned' stance was an advantage in negotiating with the most obstructive actors at the consultative table. Thus, Russia and China, which have — among others — used their vetoes to block an emperor penguin rescue plan at recent ATCMs. South Africa says it supports emperor penguin protection. 'We want a much more active engagement with the Russian and Chinese delegations,' said South Africa's lead negotiator, Ashley Johnson. 'Perhaps we can edge them closer to a conservationist approach.' Rosgeo's defence of its activities, shared with Daily Maverick in October 2021, can be read here. However, Russian authorities have not responded to our repeated attempts to reach them since Lunev's most recent response in May 2022. The Russian delegation did not respond to queries on Sunday. DM


eNCA
12 hours ago
- eNCA
Morocco's Atlantic gambit: linking restive Sahel to ocean
A planned trade corridor linking the landlocked Sahel to the Atlantic is at the heart of an ambitious Moroccan project to tackle regional instability and consolidate its grip on disputed Western Sahara. The "Atlantic Initiative" promises ocean access to Mali, Burkina Faso and Niger through a new $1.3-billion port in the former Spanish colony claimed by the pro-independence Polisario Front but largely controlled by Morocco. But the project remains fraught with challenges at a time when military coups in the Sahel states have brought new leaderships to power intent on overturning longstanding political alignments following years of jihadist violence. The Moroccan initiative aims to "substantially transform the economy of these countries" and "the region", said King Mohammed VI when announcing it in late 2023. The "Dakhla Atlantic" port, scheduled for completion at El Argoub by 2028, also serves Rabat's goal of cementing its grip on Western Sahara after US President Donald Trump recognised its sovereignty over the territory in 2020. Morocco's regional rival Algeria backs the Polisario but has seen its relations with Mali, Burkina Faso and Niger fray in recent months after the downing a Malian drone. Military coups over the past five years have seen the three Sahel states pivot towards Russia in a bid to restore their sovereignty and control over natural resources after decades within the sphere of influence of their former colonial ruler France. French troops were forced to abandon their bases in the three countries, ending their role in the fight against jihadists who have found sanctuary in the vast semi-arid region on the southern edge of the Sahara. - 'Godsend' - AFP | Abdel Majid BZIOUAT After both the African Union and West African bloc ECOWAS imposed economic sanctions on the new juntas, Morocco emerged as an early ally, with Niger calling the megaproject "a godsend". "Morocco was one of the first countries where we found understanding at a time when ECOWAS and other countries were on the verge of waging war against us," Niger's Foreign Minister Bakary Yaou Sangare said in April during a visit to Rabat alongside his Malian and Burkinabe counterparts. The Sahel countries established a bloc of their own -- the Alliance of Sahel States (AES) -- in September 2023 but have remained dependent on the ports of ECOWAS countries like Benin, Ghana, Ivory Coast and Togo. Rising tensions with the West African bloc could restrict their access to those ports, boosting the appeal of the alternative trade outlet being offered by Rabat. - 'Many steps to take' - AFP | Abdel Majid BZIOUAT Morocco has been seeking to position itself as a middleman between Europe and the Sahel states, said Beatriz Mesa, a professor at the International University of Rabat. With jihadist networks like Al-Qaeda and the Islamic State group striking ever deeper into sub-Saharan Africa, the security threat has intensified since the departure of French-led troops. Morocco was now "profiting from these failures by placing itself as a reliable Global South partner", Mesa said. Its initiative has won the backing of key actors including the United States, France and the Gulf Arab states, who could provide financial support, according to specialist journal Afrique(s) en mouvement. But for now the proposed trade corridor is little more than an aspiration, with thousands of kilometres of desert road-building needed to turn it into a reality. "There are still many steps to take," since a road and rail network "doesn't exist", said Seidik Abba, head of the Sahel-focused think tank CIRES. Rida Lyammouri of the Policy Center for the New South said the road route from Morocco through Western Sahara to Mauritania is "almost complete", even though it has been targeted by Polisario fighters. Abdelmalek Alaoui, head of the Moroccan Institute for Strategic Intelligence, said it could cost as much as $1 billion to build a land corridor through Mauritania, Mali and Niger all the way to Chad, 3,100 kilometres to the east. And even if the construction work is completed, insecurity is likely to pose a persistent threat to the corridor's viability, he said. By Anouk Riondet