What to know about a border rift that goes back more than a century
Long-simmering tensions between Cambodia and Thailand erupted into open conflict yesterday as Thailand launched airstrikes at Cambodian targets along their disputed border.
The rift goes back more than a century. Here's the history behind it.
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RNZ News
an hour ago
- RNZ News
Thai and Cambodian leaders head to Malaysia for peace talks
A pagoda damaged in the conflict between Thailand and Cambodia. Photo: AFP The leaders of Thailand and Cambodia are set to hold talks in Malaysia today to reach a ceasefire in their deadly border dispute, with the United States saying its officials would be assisting in the peace process. Thailand's government said it was attending talks arranged by Malaysia in its role as chair of the regional ASEAN bloc, while Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Manet said the talks were co-organised by the United States with the participation of China. US Secretary of State Marco Rubio said State Department officials were in Malaysia to assist peace efforts, after President Donald Trump had earlier said that he thought both leaders wanted to settle the conflict. "We want this conflict to end as soon as possible," Rubio said in statement released late on Sunday in the US and early Monday in Asia. "State Department officials are on the ground in Malaysia to assist these peace efforts." Tensions between Thailand and Cambodia have intensified since the killing in late May of a Cambodian soldier during a brief border skirmish. Border troops on both sides were reinforced amid a full-blown diplomatic crisis that brought Thailand's fragile coalition government to the brink of collapse. Hostilities broke out last Thursday and have escalated into the worst fighting between the Southeast Asian neighbours in more than a decade. The death toll has risen above 30, including more than 20 civilians, while authorities report that more than 200,000 people have been evacuated from border areas. Malaysian Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim had proposed ceasefire talks soon after the border dispute erupted into conflict on Thursday, and China and the United States also offered to assist in negotiations. Thailand had said it supported calls for a ceasefire in principle but wanted to negotiate bilaterally, while Cambodia had called for international involvement. Anwar said he expected to chair the negotiations after being asked by representatives of the two governments to try to find a peace settlement, state media agency Bernama reported. "So, I'm discussing the parameters, the conditions, but what is important is (an) immediate ceasefire," he said late on Sunday. - Reuters
NZ Herald
6 hours ago
- NZ Herald
US farmers fear Trump immigration crackdown threatens food security
'There's a whole food chain involved,' from field workers to truck drivers to people working in packing houses and in sales. 'It's just, everybody's scared,' she said - even a multi-generational American like her. 'I'm nervous and I'm scared, because we're feeling like we're being attacked.' Other farmers contacted by AFP declined to speak to the media, saying they feared potential reprisals from the Trump administration. Worker shortages The agricultural sector has for years been trying to find permanent solutions for its perennial labour shortages, beyond issuing temporary permits for migrant workers. 'Some of the work we have is seasonal,' Tate says. 'But really, around here, we need workers that are year-round.' The number of government-certified positions for temporary agricultural workers practically tripled between 2014 and 2024, Department of Labour statistics show, underlining just how much American agriculture depends on foreign workers. On top of that, some 42% of farm workers are not authorised to work in the United States, according to a 2022 study by the Department of Agriculture. Those numbers line up with the struggles many farmers go through to find labour. They say US citizens are not interested in the physically demanding work, with its long days under extreme temperatures, rain and sun. Against that backdrop, Tate warns that removing people who are actually doing the work will cause immeasurable damage. Not only will it harm farms and ranches, which could take years to recover, it will also send food prices soaring, and even endanger US food security, possibly requiring the country to start importing provisions that may previously have been grown at home, she says. 'What we really need is some legislation that has the type of programme that we need, and that works for both the workers, that ensures their safety, it ensures a fair playing field when it comes to international trade, as well as domestic needs,' Tate said. 'Everyone loses' Some farmworkers agreed to speak to AFP on condition of not being fully identified, for fear of being arrested. 'All we do is work,' a worker named Silvia told AFP. She saw several friends arrested in a raid in Oxnard, about 16km west of Ventura. The 32-year-old Mexican lives in constant fear that she will be the next one picked up and, in the end, separated from her two US-born daughters. 'We're between a rock and a hard place. 'If we don't work, how will we pay our bills? 'And if we go out, we run the risk of running into them,' she said, referring to US Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agents. 'The way the government is working right now, everybody loses,' said Miguel, who has been working in the fields of southern California for three decades. The 54-year-old said that workers are losing jobs, farm owners are losing their labour, and as a result, the United States is losing its food. Miguel has worked in various agriculture sector jobs, including during the Covid-19 pandemic. All of them were 'very hard jobs,' he said. Now he feels like he has a target on his back. 'They should do a little research so they understand. The food they eat comes from the fields, right?' he said. 'So it would be good if they were more aware, and gave us an opportunity to contribute positively, and not send us into hiding.' - Agence France-Presse
NZ Herald
6 hours ago
- NZ Herald
‘Like brothers' - the friendship between Thaksin Shinawatra and Hun Sen spanned three decades
Now, a rift has opened up between the two men, bewildering even Thaksin himself and shocking insiders. And the fallout has been severe, with Thai and Cambodian troops exchanging fire in the deadliest clashes in over a decade. Analysts say they worry that the animosities could spiral out of control. 'I was surprised how two close friends for so many years ended up practically overnight in such an escalation,' said Kantathi Suphamongkhon, who was Thailand's foreign minister from 2005 to 2006 when Thaksin was premier. 'This is something that I never expected — how that friendship can break apart so spectacularly.' Clashes at the border over four days have sent hundreds of thousands fleeing from their homes and bringing the death toll to at least 33 people. In the hours after fighting began last week, Thaksin and Hun Sen lobbed insults at each other on social media. Thaksin said many countries had offered to mediate but that he wanted to 'let the Thai military do their duty to teach Hun Sen a lesson about his cunning ways first'. Hun Sen fired back at Thaksin on Facebook while referring to himself in the third person: 'Now, under the pretext of taking revenge on Hun Sen, he is resorting to war, the ultimate consequence of which will be the suffering of the people'. Analysts say Hun Sen has sought to exploit the turmoil within the Thai Government to shore up his own legitimacy. Even opposition figures in Cambodia have taken the Government's side, arguing that the disputed temples that lie along the border belong to the country. A crisis can also help solidify the nationalist credentials of Hun Manet, the current Prime Minister and Hun Sen's son, who has implied that Cambodia's one-party rule is better than the domestic chaos in Thailand because there is 'no confusion or conflicting orders'. The political standing of Thaksin, a billionaire tycoon, and his ruling Pheu Thai party have both weakened since he struck a deal with the royalist-military establishment in 2022 to end 15 years of exile, alienating some of his core supporters. Despite that deal, in recent months, the Thai Government has appeared increasingly at odds with the country's powerful military. And while he is still the most influential person in Thai politics, Thaksin's hold on power is tenuous — he is fighting a criminal royal defamation charge that could send him to prison for as long as 15 years. For decades, Thaksin and Hun Sen worked to anchor their personal and political fortunes together. In 2001, they signed a memorandum of understanding to pursue the extraction of oil and gas in the Gulf of Thailand. But that plan ultimately fizzled because of resistance from Thaksin's rivals. Hun Sen and Thaksin remained close even after Thaksin was ousted in a 2006 coup. Hun Sen appointed Thaksin as an economic adviser to the Cambodian government, and allowed him and his sister, Yingluck, who was also overthrown in a coup, to seek refuge in his home in Cambodia. Hun Sen later said he named the bedrooms the 'Thaksin room' and the 'Yingluck room.' In Thailand, though, this closeness with Hun Sen has often been regarded with suspicion by Thaksin's political opponents, particularly those in the military and conservative establishment. Thaksin has never been able to shake off the view held by many that he is interested only in his personal gain. 'The aspirations and the dream of wealth of the two families have not been realised,' said Kasit Piromya, another former foreign minister of Thailand. He said Hun Sen probably saw this as a failure on Thaksin's part. 'Hun Sen was in total control of his country, and he could carry out his end of the bargain. But Thaksin has been losing that lustre and control of the Thai society for the past 20 years.' After Thaksin returned to Thailand in 2023, he increasingly positioned the country to be an economic competitor to Cambodia. He floated the idea of an entertainment complex that would rival the casinos in Cambodia, a lucrative source of revenue for Hun Sen and his fellow tycoons. Analysts say Hun Sen was probably feeling threatened by Thailand's warning to cut off electricity in the border area and its subsequent arrest warrants against tycoons operating casinos and online scam compounds in the area. The relationship between the two historical rivals has long been fraught because of the dispute over the undefined 800km-long border as well as over claims to ancient temples. In 2003, Cambodians rioted in the capital, Phnom Penh, after a Thai actor was reported to have said that Angkor Wat, the Cambodian temple, belonged to her country. Much of the fighting has centred around the 11th-century Preah Vihear temple. The International Court of Justice awarded the temple to Cambodia in 1962, but Thailand has continued to claim the surrounding land. According to Kantathi, Hun Sen in 2006 invited Thaksin to make a friendly visit to the Preah Vihear temple and land a helicopter near it. Kantathi said he urged Thaksin not to go, warning that Cambodia could use the visit to strengthen its territorial claims to the areas claimed by both Cambodia and Thailand. A visit by a Thai prince in the early 1930s, when Cambodia was a French colony, was later cited by Cambodia to bolster its argument at the International Court of Justice, he said. The Thai prince did not complain about the hoisting of the French flag during his visit, which the court said amounted to his tacit consent to French-Cambodian control. Thaksin ultimately cancelled the trip. The proposed trip has not been made public, but Jakrapob Penkair, a longtime associate of Thaksin, confirmed that Thaksin had told him about it. Thaksin could not immediately be reached for comment. Hun Sen's office did not immediately respond to a request for comment. The dispute over the temple escalated significantly in 2008 when Cambodia listed Preah Vihear as a Unesco World Heritage Site, leading to deadly military encounters in 2008 and 2011. This year, tensions rose again when Thai and Cambodian soldiers clashed briefly, killing a Cambodian soldier in late May. Two weeks after that, Thaksin's daughter and the then prime minister of Thailand, Paetongtarn Shinawatra, tried to call Hun Sen to discuss the crisis. She was unable to reach him, but Hun Sen later called Paetongtarn's personal number, according to Thaksin, who recounted his version of the events at a seminar in Bangkok. Three days later, Hun Sen posted the audio recording of that call on Facebook. The Thai public heard Paetongtarn calling Hun Sen 'uncle' and telling him to ignore 'the opposite side', a reference to the Thai military. It led to calls for her resignation and multiple complaints. One complaint filed by 36 senators at the Constitutional Court led to her suspension this month. Thaksin said, 'I was wrong to trust someone like Hun Sen'. Upon learning that 12,000 Cambodian troops had been mobilised to the border last month, he called the translator who had facilitated his daughter's call with Hun Sen and told him: 'You tell your boss — our children are prime ministers of both countries. Are we going to war now?' The initial clashes may have been an indication of the dangerous direction the two countries are heading. Thailand said Cambodia fired rockets into civilian areas and that it responded by sending F-16 fighter jets to bomb targets in Cambodia — a rare deployment of the jets for combat in the region. Cambodian officials said Thai soldiers had opened fire on Cambodian troops first, at a temple. This article originally appeared in The New York Times. Written by: Sui-Lee Wee ©2025 THE NEW YORK TIMES
