Mexico votes in first judicial election amid concerns over rule of law

Globe and Mail

01-06-2025

Mexicans vote on Sunday in the country's first ever judicial elections, part of an overhaul of the nation's judiciary that critics warn could jeopardize the rule of law.
The vote will elect 2,600 judges and magistrates, including all Supreme Court justices, and is part of a reform pushed by former president Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador and his protégé and successor President Claudia Sheinbaum.
Lopez Obrador and Sheinbaum say the election will root out corruption in a flawed judiciary dominated by an out-of-touch elite and instead allow people to decide who should be a judge.
But the run-up to the vote has been dominated by a scandal over some of the candidates, including a convicted drug smuggler and a former lawyer of drug kingpin Joaquin 'El Chapo' Guzman.
Opponents say the overhaul risks removing checks and balances on the ruling Morena party, by appointing judges friendly to their cause, and also allowing organized crime groups greater influence over the judicial system by running their own candidates.
Mexico joins Bolivia as the only countries worldwide to conduct judicial elections at the national level, though state-level judicial elections are common in the United States and some local Swiss judges are also elected.
Voters on Sunday will cast ballots for Mexico's nine Supreme Court judges, as well as for judges and magistrates across 19 of Mexico's 32 administrative divisions. More than 7,700 candidates are running for judicial posts.
Pollsters expect a poor turnout, in part due to opposition calls to boycott the vote, but also because of the complexity of the process and vast number of candidates to consider.
'In Mexico City we are going to vote for 50 candidates. If even discerning people with access to social media aren't checking the candidates, imagine the people who don't have this access,' 22-year-old accounting student Maria Alejandra Mares told Reuters. 'They're going to vote blind.'
Voting is not mandatory in Mexico and there is no minimum turnout required to legitimize an election.
Just 37% of 1,000 people polled by Buendia & Marquez said they would come out to vote, compared to 61% who participated in the vote last June that elected President Sheinbaum.
The right-wing PAN opposition party has called on supporters to boycott the election, branding it a 'vulgar fraud,' but Sheinbaum has vigorously defended her predecessor's reform and her party has sought to mobilize the grassroots vote.
'We call on you to participate, participate, participate,' Sheinbaum told a news conference on Friday, saying this would help significantly improve the current judiciary. 'Participating is the best way to transform a country.'
Besides mandating the popular election of judges, the judicial reform, promoted last year by former President Lopez Obrador, also reduced the number of Supreme Court judges, shortened terms and eased some requirements such as minimum age and work experience.
The reform's approval by lawmakers last year knocked financial markets, sparked the United States to express concern about a weaker judicial system, and sparked a strike by the country's judicial workers.
'Mexico's justice system was far from perfect, and this new judicial system will not address its shortcomings,' said Rodolfo Ramos, an analyst at Brazilian bank Bradesco BBI.
Ramos said 'the real litmus test' would come when cases against a government action reach the Supreme Court.
Counting is expected to take two weeks, with the results out on June 15.
In 2027, another vote is scheduled to fill over 1,000 more judicial positions.