Mars weather forecasting gets smarter with NIT Rourkela's 20-year study
'Mars may appear dry and desolate, but its weather systems are incredibly dynamic,' said Professor Panda. 'Understanding these can be critical in supporting long-term robotic exploration and ensuring the safety and success of future human missions.'
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THE RESEARCH ZEROES IN OR THREE MAJOR PHENOMENADust Devils: These mini-tornadoes are more prevalent during the Martian summer, particularly in the Northern Hemisphere. Though relatively small in size, they can lift and circulate dust particles, impacting surface visibility and atmospheric conditions.Massive Dust Storms: Occasionally, Mars is engulfed in dust storms that can span entire regions or even the whole planet. These storms arise when sunlight heats dust particles, warming the atmosphere and intensifying wind patterns—leading to a feedback loop of dust lifting and atmospheric disruption.Water-Ice Clouds: Thin, high-altitude clouds made of frozen water vapour form in various parts of Mars, including around tall volcanoes like Olympus Mons and near the poles. Two key types are observed—the aphelion cloud belt during Mars' summer when it's farthest from the Sun, and the polar hood during winter. Their development is strongly influenced by seasonal shifts and atmospheric dust levels.By tracing long-term seasonal changes, the researchers mapped how dust and clouds evolve throughout the Martian year. The data not only refine current weather prediction models but also open avenues to assess Mars' historical potential to support life.'Advancing weather forecasting on Mars is foundational to both protecting technology and exploring the planet's past habitability,' added Prof. Panda. 'I hope ISRO continues to explore Mars and strengthens university-led research through increased funding and missions.'advertisementAs more international missions gear up for Mars exploration, long-duration studies like this one are expected to play a crucial role in mission design, landing site safety, and life-support planning.With this breakthrough, NIT Rourkela and its global partners are one step closer to decoding Mars' complex climate—and paving the way for humanity's journey into deep space.- Ends
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