Inside the labs on the frontline in the battle against one of the world's deadliest diseases – as it reaches Europe
A SWARM of blood-sucking mosquitoes encircle me, buzzing around my face.
I'm perched on a bed in a tin-roofed shed and the only barrier to the outside world is a mozzie net filled with holes.
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Sun Health's Isabel Shaw behind a mosquito net at the Ifakara Institute
Credit: © Malaria no More UK/Jordi Matas
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Dr Brian Tarimo carrying out research at the Ifakara Health Institute in Tanzania
Credit: © Malaria no More UK/Jordi Matas
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Studies can aid the ever-growing threat posed by mosquitoes across the globe
Credit: © Malaria no More UK/Jordi Matas
I'm at the Ifakara Health Institute, in rural Tanzania, Africa, nestled among towering palms.
Here, British and African scientists work in converted shipping containers on the front line in the
Deaths from the infection have been rising. There were 620,000 victims in 2022, up from 560,000 a decade ago — most of them African children under five, according to the World Health Organisation.
After years of progress, with global deaths down from 1.8million in 2004, warmer temperatures, war and Covid-19 pandemic restrictions have fuelled a resurgence of the disease.
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The WHO says 249 million cases were reported globally in 2022, up from 233 million in 2019.
Europe was declared malaria-free by the WHO in 2015, but now its threat is edging closer again.
'Smile hides heartbreak'
Malaria-carrying
Symptoms are flu-like, but severe cases can be fatal.
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Most read in Health
Exclusive
People who haven't been regularly exposed to malaria, like those in Europe, don't have the same immunity as those in Africa
Dr Dickson Wilson Lwetoijera, principal research scientist at the institute, tells Sun Health their work could have far-reaching consequences for the whole world.
He says: 'With global travel and population movement, there's every chance the disease could spread to new regions — if that happens in Europe, the consequences could be serious.
Malaria No More UK's campaign film featuring David Beckham
'People who haven't been regularly exposed to malaria, like those in Europe, don't have the same immunity as those in Africa who have lived with the disease for some time, so the risk of severe illness or death is much higher.'
In Tanzania, it's as prevalent as the common cold, but that doesn't erase the devastation this disease has brought to families.
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In a dusty neighbourhood in Dar es Salaam, a few hours from Ifakara, I meet Jamima Charles Abel.
She welcomes me into her home — a tiny space along a narrow, muddy street shared by several families. Her smile hides the heartbreak her family has endured.
Her son Eric Daniel Richard, 24, 'loved people', Jamima tells me. He was a hard worker at a local
business
, supporting his family despite having moved out.
One day last December, he developed flu-like symptoms. Within 24 hours, he was gone.
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Jamima, 44, is terrified for her other two children. Just last month, her 17-year-old son caught
The infection is caused by a parasite called Plasmodium, which is transmitted to humans through the
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Europe was declared malaria-free by the WHO in 2015, but now its threat is edging closer again
Credit: Getty
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Drones are being used to find and dismantle mosquito breeding grounds
Credit: © Malaria no More UK/Jordi Matas
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An insectary at the institute in Tanzania helps researchers fight against the spread of malaria
Credit: © Malaria no More UK/Jordi Matas
Male mosquitoes don't bite and are therefore harmless. When an infected mosquito bites a person, the parasite enters the bloodstream and infiltrates red blood cells.
Genetically engineered mosquitoes
The Plasmodium parasite is adept at evading the immune system. It means a vaccine, which seems like the simplest option, is far from straightforward.
So scientists are working on other cutting-edge solutions.
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A team from Imperial College
London
, in partnership with a team at Ifakara, has genetically engineered mosquitoes resistant to the malaria parasite.
It's hoped these mozzies will be released into the wild within eight years, dominating and repopulating areas within a few months.
'This is the first malaria-fighting
technology
that doesn't rely on human behaviour,' Dr Lwetoijera explains. 'With our current tools, like bed nets and insecticides, the biggest challenge is compliance.
'People have to use them consistently for them to work, which isn't always possible.' Funding is one of the biggest challenges scientists face.
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And a huge blow came earlier this year when Donald Trump made abrupt cuts to foreign aid, and Keir Starmer announced plans to slash the overseas aid budget to its lowest level in a generation.
Dr Sarah Moore, who has worked at Ifakara for 20 years, says: 'Every day, the equivalent of four jumbo jets full of children die of malaria in Africa.
'If aid continues to fall as predicted, it could rise to five. Because it's Africa, no one cares.'
Among other developments, drones are being used to find and dismantle mosquito breeding grounds in Dar es Salaam, such as stagnant water pools, leafy foliage and shaded areas.
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Taking our foot off the gas could lead to a surge, including in new places not ready to fight back
At dusk, when mosquitoes begin to stir, experts knock on the doors of locals to set up traps.
Mwanabibi Kharifa Mohamed, a grandmother and mother of four, is one local taking part.
As Alex Limwagu, a research scientist, sets mosquito traps in the garden, Mwanabibi tells me her children have caught the disease more times than she can count — the family can't afford nets — but it never quells her panic.
'I rush straight to the hospital because I know in two minutes they could die,' she says.
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Since the mosquito team arrived this year, Mwanabibi has learned more about protecting her family.
'I used to be ignorant,' she says. 'But Alex taught me how mosquitoes breed and how to protect my children. If malaria disappeared, life would be peaceful.'
The WHO wants to reduce global malaria by 90 per cent by 2030.
It believes the ambitious
target
is 'achievable' — but not without the dedicated scientists on the ground and the funds to keep them going.
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Victoria Fowler, head of UK advocacy at the charity Malaria No More UK, says: 'Taking our foot off the
gas
could lead to a surge, including in new places not ready to fight back.
Read more on the Irish Sun
We need the Government to back the Global Fund to Fight Malaria at the Spending
Review
this month.
'Standing behind our scientists is crucial to get back on track to beat this killer, saving hundreds of thousands of children's lives and protecting the British public.'
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Jamima Charles Abel opened up about losing a son to malaria
Credit: supplied
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Irish Daily Mirror
2 hours ago
- Irish Daily Mirror
Researchers make shocking finding about numbers smoking AND vaping
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They analysed the results of seven waves of the annual Healthy Ireland survey between 2015 and 2023 which involved the smoking habits of over 52,000 individuals. The study found the proportion of the population engaged in nicotine product use – which includes tobacco products as well as vapes – decreased from 24.6% in 2015 to 22.9% in 2023. However, among 15-24 year-olds, the share increased from 19.6% to 30.0% over the same period. The use of tobacco products among the general public declined significantly from 22.8% to 17.7% but the reductions have largely stalled since 2019 which may be linked to the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic. At the same time, e-cigarette use or vaping rose from 3.1% to 8.4%. with a particularly sharp rise recorded among those aged 15-24 with rates increasing from 0.9% in 2015 to 17.7% in 2023. Dual use – where individuals consume both tobacco products and e-cigarettes – increased from 1.3% in 2015 to 3.1% in 2023, with its prevalence highest among the youngest age group at 6.9% for those aged 15-24. The study found the overall decline in smoking was more pronounced among females – down from 21.3% to 14.9% – compared to males where the smoking rate dropped from 24.4% to 20.7%. A breakdown by age shows tobacco use remained relatively static over the past decade among those aged 15-24 and 55-64 but declined substantially among those aged 25-34 and 35-44. Across the study period, individuals with third-level education consistently reported the lowest tobacco use with progressively higher odds of tobacco use associated with lower levels of education. The report said dual use was strongly associated with higher odds of quit intentions and attempts to quit tobacco in 2015 but that was no longer the case by 2023. Researchers found that the proportion of dual use smokers who were not thinking about quitting increased from 36.6% in 2015 to 40.7% in 2023. Over the same period, the share actively planning to quit dropped from 21.1% to 18.8%. The proportion of dual users trying to quit rose from 11.1% to 13.9%. 'These findings contribute to a growing evidence base suggesting that e-cigarette availability as a consumer product is not associated with increased smoking cessation,' researchers claimed. The study, whose findings are published in The Lancet Regional Health – Europe medical journal, acknowledged that the role and impact of e-cigarettes in smoking cessation and initiation remain intensely debated. It pointed out that health authorities in the UK have endorsed e-cigarettes as a harm reduction method for established smokers, while they are not recommended in Ireland, under national clinical guidelines, as a cessation support. The study also noted that concerns about health risk associated with e-cigarettes use are growing with vaping being associated with an elevated risk for cardiovascular, respiratory and oral disease as well as metabolic dysfunction. In addition, dual use has been associated with 20-40% higher odds of cardiovascular disease, stroke, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease compared to smoking alone, while emerging evidence also suggests it may increase the risk of developing lung cancer. The report said its results were consistent with similar research carried out in England and the US which showed a surge in e-cigarette use following the introduction of vaping products as well as a significant slowing in the decline of smoking of regular tobacco products. 'These trends pose a significant public health concern. 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The Irish Sun
4 hours ago
- The Irish Sun
Expert reveals 2 types of dogs that are most prone to sunburn – & warns about ‘toxic' sunscreens you CANNOT use on them
WE'RE heading into the hottest day of the year so far - with scorching temperatures across Britain set to push over 30C. The Met Office says some parts of the UK could exceed 35C after thousands of 1 Our adorable pooches can quickly overheat in the sun, whether that's on a walk or simply sunbathing in the garden Credit: Getty But it is important not to forget about our Our adorable pooches can quickly overheat in the sun, whether that's on a walk or simply Chatting to read more on pets He went on: ''Just be careful using any kind of sunscreen that's got zinc oxide - it's toxix. ''So you definitely need to get a pet sunscreen.'' If your lovely family friend has been outside for too long and has developed a sunburn, the whizz advised to use a cold compress. Most read in Fabulous However, if your pet has got a really bad sunburn - which can lead to a nasty infection - it's strongly advised to immediately take the pooch to a vet. ''Most of the time, it's just a little bit red - cold compress and of course, bring them indoors.'' INCREDIBLE moment hero vet staff save dog from choking on favourite toy What should we avoid doing with our pets in the heatwave? The expert previously shared more tips and advice - that's likely to come in handy this week, with temperatures set to reach 35C. Here's what It is not recommended to travel with your pet during hot weather days. Never leave your pet in the car with no air flow, even opening the window slightly will still create an uncomfortable environment for them in the heat. If you do need to travel with a pet, make sure to open two windows or have the air conditioning on. Try to avoid public transport such as trains, as these can get very hot and uncomfortable for animals. More summer risks to dogs EXPERTS are warning pet owners to be vigilant when it comes to taking their dogs out this summer - especially when it comes to taking them to the beach. Dr Rebecca MacMillan says it is important that dog parents are well prepped to ensure a safe trip away with their dog. From consumption of salt water, to open holes, the Gloucestershire-based vet says there are hidden hazards to look out for. Angela Laws, who is head of community at British pet-sitting platform TrustHousesitters, also urges pet owners to 'prioritise safety' and to 'be aware of potential hazards.' Preventing injuries Large holes can be hidden amongst the sand, which can cause injury if your dog trips or falls into it. Dr Rebecca is warning pet owners, as if you are playing fetch with them, your dog might not be 'expecting a hole' as they are running, which can cause them to fall and injure themselves. Talking to the Food for thought Although you would never dream of drinking the water from the sea, your pets may view it as a large bowl of water for them. However, seawater consumption is extremely dangerous for your dogs according to Dr Rebecca. Drinking saltwater can disrupt the 'balance of electrolyte in the body and cause dehydration,' according to Rebecca. This is also the case for sand as too much sand can cause a painful obstruction, 'which may require surgery.' Check the temperature Just like humans, pets can get heat stroke too. It is most likely to occur when the body's temperature rises above 36C and hits 40C. Dr Rebbeca suggests caution when the weather outside hits 25C, and especially if it's over 27C. She also warned pet owners to do their research on the type of breed of their dog, as some will be much more 'prone to heatstroke.' Dr Rebecca says these dogs include flat-faced dogs like pugs and bulldogs, and large breeds with thick coats. She urges dog parents to make sure their pet is well hydrated, try to keep them in the shade and remember to be aware of their paws burning on the ground. Digging dangers Dr Rebecca there could be anything from discarded She said: 'If your pooch is prone to digging, make sure you're nearby in case of any unexpected finds.' Dr Scott's top tips for keeping your pets cool As much as we may love walking to get those extra steps in, the hot weather may be too much for our pets. When taking your four-legged pal out for a walk, watch out for how warm the pavement is. If it's too hot for your hand, it's too hot for their paws. Any time your pet is outside, make sure they have protection from the sun and plenty of shade (avoid walking dogs in the middle of the day when it is usually hottest). Tree shade is ideal because it doesn't obstruct air flow. A doghouse does not provide relief from heat - in fact, it makes it worse. Whip up a batch of quick and easy DIY 'pup-sicles' for dogs. Apply ice packs or cold towels to their head, neck and chest or run cool - not cold water over them. Trim longer hair on your dog, but never shave your dog - the layers of dogs' coats protect them from overheating and sunburn.
The Irish Sun
21 hours ago
- The Irish Sun
My daughter, 22, was diagnosed with rare tumour after earache – now she's in horrendous pain & needs life-saving op
WHEN Maeve Duffy began experiencing a "persistent" earache, she never imagined it could be a rare and aggressive tumour that would leave her in "unimaginable pain". The "beautiful" young Co Advertisement 2 Maeve Duffy was diagnosed with a rare tumour when she was just a teenager Credit: Collect 2 Maeve and her loving family are doing everything they can to ensure the life-saving surgery takes place Credit: Collect Maeve, who is now 22-years-old, was diagnosed with facial nerve schwannoma when she was just 17. The rare benign tumour grows on the nerve that controls facial movement and sensation and can result in facial paralysis, facial spasms, dizziness, balance problems and hearing loss. And after exhausting every treatment available in Ireland - including radiation and years of delays and consultations - her doctors have told her that the tumour is inoperable here. But there is hope. Advertisement READ MORE IN HEALTH Specialists in Maeve's desperate mum Siobhan is doing everything she can to raise the funds needed for the operation to ensure her little girl can return to her life. Speaking to The Irish Sun, Siobhan told how the Covid-19 lockdown forced a surgery that could have removed Maeve's tumour to be cancelled. She said: "It started with an earache which we thought was just an earache. Then they said it was what they thought was a polyp. Advertisement Most read in Health "They tried to remove it, then went for surgery and when they did surgery they discovered it was a tumour and we were sent from Waterford to Dublin to Beaumont and she had all her scans and was scheduled for surgery in Beaumont. I was diagnosed with breast cancer after noticing small mark - I'm not giving up, I'll give treatment all I've got "Unfortunately lockdown happened the day before her surgery and it was cancelled. "So actually 14 months later we got back to Beaumont and they redid all the scans and they decided it was inoperable at that stage." Maeve was just 17-years-old when this took place and was worrying about her schoolwork and the impact this may have on her dreams to study biomedical science. Advertisement Siobhan explained: "She was doing her Leaving Certificate, she knuckled down with her study and tried to put it to the back of her mind. She wanted to go to college. SYMPTOMS WORSENING "We were worried about it but there was a lot happening at the time and she really did just want to get it sorted and get her Leaving Cert done and move to college. "Maeve is obviously very bright and she wants to do biomedical science but this has all put her studies on hold. "She's not been able to study or go to college or actually do anything because of the pain and because of the side effects of the drugs. Advertisement "The drugs are almost as bad as the growth." In 2022, as Maeve's symptoms started to worsen, the brave young woman underwent five rounds of aggressive radiation therapy, the maximum safe dose. The goal of this was to stop the tumour's growth and relieve her symptoms. However, heartbroken mum Siobhan told us how, after the radiation, Maeve admitted: "Mam, I just can't stick the pain, it's horrendous". Advertisement The side effects of Maeve's radiation were severe and the tumour did not change as a result of the intense treatment. Instead, she developed necrosis, triggering constant, excruciating pain. She's 22 and she wants to socialise and go to college but can't because of her constant pain, nauseousness and dizziness. It's just not possible for her." Siobhan, Maeve's aunt Maeve was placed on high-dose steroids and Pregabalin - the side effects of which are immense. And Siobhan described the drugs as "debilitating", telling how her daughter has been battling the fierce side effects of the medication for two years now. Advertisement She explained: The side effects are not good, her quality of life has been reduced to a minimum. "Maeve will never get off those tablets or drugs as long as that tumour is there. "Our only hope to get her back is to get the tumour removed and that is not going to be done in Ireland - there is no one to do it." Siobhan told how the Duffy family was "so lucky" to get into contact with specialists at the International Neuroscience Institute in Hanover, Germany, renowned for treating complex cases like Maeve. Advertisement The family met the team and within weeks it was confirmed that surgery to remove Maeve's tumour could be performed. Siobhan's mum said the team of medical experts have no fear of facial paralysis or any side effects of the operation and believe that, within a few months of the surgery, Maeve can be taken off all the medication she is currently taking. The surgery can be completed as soon as July 8th - but the family has been forced to put the operation on hold until they raise enough to cover the staggering €107,000 price. HOW CAN YOU HELP? MAEVE'S family has set up a GoFundMe page to raise enough money to cover her surgery in Hanover, Germany. At the time of writing, over €50,000 has been raised to support the family - but they need the full amount in order to go through with the operation. Writing on the page, Maeve's family and friends said: "Their surgical team has the expertise to give Maeve a real chance at recovery. But the cost of this surgery is over €107,000, and time is critical. "We're doing everything we can to raise the funds to get Maeve to Germany for this life-changing surgery. "If you're able to donate—no matter how big or small—it would mean the world to Maeve and all of us who love her. "And if you can't donate right now, sharing this page with your friends, family, or on social media would be a huge help." You can Siobhan said Maeve is "really looking forward" to getting the surgery over and done with so she can return home and follow her dream. Advertisement The young woman has a deferred place in a biomedical course in Maynooth University. Siobhan said: She's very eager to get back to college and study, and she's also got job offers that she can't even think about at the moment. "It's just to get the surgery over to get her life back so she can plan her future." Siobhan said the family is remaining strong for Maeve, adding: "We need to carry her." Advertisement FAMILY'S PAIN Siobhan's sister Margaret told how the situation is "very hard" on the family, including Maeve's two younger brothers. She said: "It's hard on them to see her suffering and not being able to go to college, not being able to do the things she wants to do. "She's 22 and she wants to socialise and go to college but can't because of her constant pain, nauseousness and dizziness. It's just not possible for her." Speaking about Maeve, Siobhan described her as a "beautiful person". Advertisement She told The Irish Sun: "She's a really sweet kid. She's beautiful, a beautiful person, so kind. "I would say a little on the old fashioned side as in she's not your average trendy 22-year-old. "She's never been that person, she's always very simple. She's just, you know, she's really sweet." And speaking about the whopping €50,000 that has already been raised for Maeve since the GoFundMe was launched just over a week ago, Siobhan said the support from people has been "unbelievable". Advertisement She said: "It's just been unbelievable. People have just come out of the woodwork. It's amazing."
