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Dyeing units warn: Zero discharge norms may kill Ludhiana industry

Dyeing units warn: Zero discharge norms may kill Ludhiana industry

Time of India19 hours ago
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Chandigarh: Under mounting regulatory scrutiny, dyeing units have pushed back against the blanket enforcement of zero liquid discharge (ZLD) norms, warning that the move could cripple micro and small enterprises in the region.
Ludhiana's dyeing units have cited existing compliance with pollution norms, severe financial strain, and the looming threat of unit closures.
Units argue they function as "diluters and not polluters".
The
National Green Tribunal
(NGT) is, at present, hearing a case concerning the alleged discharge of industrial wastewater into the Buddha Nullah by dyeing units in Industrial Area A. In an affidavit submitted to the tribunal, the Industrial Area-A Dyers Association contended that mandating ZLD—a water treatment process where all wastewater is treated and recycled, leaving no liquid waste to be discharged—across the board may contradict binding observations made by the NGT in other related matters.
The association maintained that its member units were already complying with environmental regulations and operating effluent treatment systems effectively.
They argued that despite compliance and willingness to cooperate, a sudden policy shift was unfairly targeting only their cluster. The association stated that ZLD was technically and financially unviable for small and micro units, not backed by govt capital investment or subsidies, and likely to lead to the closure of units, which would trigger economic hardship and job losses.
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The association emphasised that effluent generated by these units, after undergoing in-house treatment, was discharged into the municipal sewer and ultimately treated at the sewage treatment plant (STP), which has shown positive performance results. Citing the Punjab Pollution Control Board's (PPCB) own studies, they argued that treated industrial effluent entering the Buddha Nullah reflected better water quality than areas polluted by cow dung and untreated domestic sewage.
In contrast, illegal units operating without treatment in residential areas were unregulated and posed a larger threat to environment.
The association held that most units had obtained consent to operate from PPCB, permitting the discharge of treated effluent into the sewer after passing through effluent treatment plants (ETPs), with the applicable fee duly paid. Others have submitted applications and are awaiting approvals.
The association explained that these dyeing units had independently invested in and continued to operate sophisticated ETPs designed to treat trade effluent in compliance with prescribed discharge standards. The multi-stage treatment process includes equalisation, neutralisation, and primary to tertiary treatment to ensure the removal of pollutants.
Citing test reports and regulatory inspections, the association asserted that the discharged effluent consistently met stringent pollution control norms.
Many units had also proactively installed online continuous effluent-monitoring systems (OCEMS), enabling real-time data transmission to PPCB and Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) servers for transparent and continuous compliance monitoring.
They reiterated that the practice of discharging treated effluent into municipal sewers, followed by further treatment at STPs, was an accepted method that ensured residual contaminants were diluted to permissible levels before reaching natural water bodies such as the Buddha Nullah.
This, they argued, reinforced their position that the units functioned as "diluters and not polluters".
The units underscored that by investing in ETPs and adhering to discharge norms, they had consistently acted as responsible industrial entities. They said they held valid permissions to operate, and discharge treated effluent as per environmental consents. "The continued operation of these units is vital to economic sustenance and employment generation in the region, and it is carried out in adherence to environmental regulation, without imposing an undue burden on environment," the units said.
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