Divers Excavated a Lake—and Stumbled Upon a Haunting Ancient Face
Underwater archaeologists discovered a wooden face that dates back more than 1,000 years.
Experts say the face may have been used to ward off evil spirits from the settlement.
Similar carvings have been discovered in other Slavic cities, suggesting a larger spiritual practice in medieval Slavic life.
Many ancient wooden structures have been lost to time, as wood unfortunately decomposes quickly. However, water can act as a time capsule—in perfectly anaerobic wetland or underwater conditions, wood can survive for centuries. And recently, archaeologists from Nicolaus Copernicus University (NCU) discovered a striking example of that preservation—a 1,000-year-old wooden face during an underwater research expedition.
In 2024, scientists from NCU's Center for Underwater Archaeology and the Museum of the First Piasts in Lednica found the face submerged in Poland's Lake Lednica. The team recently presented its findings at a press conference.
The face was carved onto a wooden structural beam called a hook. According to a press release from NCU, the carving measured 12 centimeters (4.7 inches) tall and 9 (3.5 inches) centimeters wide, and features intricate details including realistic eyes, nose, mouth, and oval-shaped head. The wood was also marked with the number 353.
Experts estimate that the tree from which the face (and beam) were carved the face's tree fell in the year 967, meaning the carving has likely existed for over a millennium. This was around the same time that the founder of the Polish state, Mieszko I, was baptized, and Poland shifted into a state of Christian assimilation.
This isn't the first face of its kind to be discovered. Similar depictions have been found in other Slavic cities including Wolin, Novgorod the Great, and Staraya Ladoga. According to experts, consistencies between these finds suggest that the beam found at Lednica reflects a local artistic and spiritual tradition, rather than Scandinavian or Rus influence. In short, the recent discovery is just one piece in the larger puzzle of medieval Slavic life.
'This discovery not only evokes admiration for the craftsmanship from over a thousand years ago but also opens a fascinating discussion about the spiritual life of early medieval Slavs,' Andrzej Pydyn, director of the Centre for Underwater Archaeology at NCU, said in the press release.
Experts suggest the beam on which the face was engraved served as part of the settlement's defensive rampart—and its purpose may have gone far beyond just architecture. The style of woodworking suggests that the face had mystical meaning, and likely depicted a deity, protective spirit, or hero watching over inhabitants of the area.
Other evidence supports the idea of the being part of the spiritual practices of medieval Slavic society. The researchers also discovered horse jaws and bones around ramparts, which may have come from ritual offerings or protective sacrifices, Mateusz Popek from NCU said. The team also found similar bones underneath houses.
'The [wood] face is a priceless monument and a rare example of an item combining utility and symbolic functions,' a post from the Museum of the First Piasts in Lednica reads. 'The discovery from Lake Lednica not only impresses, but also opens new questions about the life, culture and spirituality of the inhabitants of these lands from over a thousand years ago.'
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