Police Scotland say transgender suspects have the right to ask for a male officer to search one half of their body and a female officer to search the other half
Gender-critical campaigners have accused Police Scotland of potentially putting female staff at risk with new rules drawn up after a recent Supreme Court verdict.
The latest guidance - issued with comments from Assistant Chief Constable Catriona Paton - has been condemned by activists including Kellie-Jay Keen, of the group Let Women Speak, and Sex Matters charity chief Fiona McAnena.
Judges determined in April that the word 'woman' meant a biological female and not gender within the terms of Britain's Equality Act.
Police Scotland - the crime force covering the whole country - carried out a review in response to April's judgment and has now published what it calls 'interim transgender search guidance'.
A statement described searching as a 'complex and important area of policing'.
Police Scotland said the force 'must ensure that it is acting in line with its duties under the Equality Act and the Human Rights Act, and that officers and staff feel confident that they are conducting searches lawfully'.
Among the new guidance is a question-and-answer section, which inclludes the suggestion: 'Can a transgender detainee ask for a separate area search depending on anatomical presentation?'
The reply provided states: 'Yes - a transgender detainee can ask for a separate area search.
'This means that one half of their body will be searched by one biological sex officer and the other half of their body will be searched by a different biological sex officer.'
The guidance has been sparked concerns among gender-critical campaigners, who worry female officers would be left in uncomfortable and even risky situations.
Kellie-Jay Keen, who runs the group Let Women Speak, told MailOnline: 'I'm worried about the rights of female officers, if they're subjected to the whims of a suspect.
'I'd be asking the police force for single-sex searches - otherwise women aren't safe. It's just beyond belief that messages like this are being sent out.'
Ms McAnena, director of campaigns at the charity Sex Matters, said: 'This ludicrous policy that allows one half of a suspect's body to be searched by a woman and the other half by a man comes from a police force which has embraced transgender ideology.
'Police Scotland's new rule is a gift to any suspect who may get satisfaction or enjoyment from being disruptive.
'This is particularly the case for trans rights activists who take an interest in eroding boundaries and making women uncomfortable.'
The new Police Scotland statement comes just weeks after a controversy over similar searches for prison inmates identifying as transgender.
MailOnline reported last month how female prison guards were having to strip search the top half of transgender inmates before male colleagues check their lower region.
Trans criminals held at HMP Dovegate described how two female guards are used to check the top half of their bodies while two male colleagues check below the belt.
The inmates subjected to the searches say they feel 'humiliated and violated' by the additional checks by male officers, which leaves their confidence 'shattered'.
However, women's rights campaigners accused prison bosses of breaching the 'human rights' of female officers.
April's ruling by the Supreme Court in London deemed the definition of a woman to be based on biological sex, meaning transgender women are not considered to be women in the eyes of the law.
The verdict means trans women with a gender recognition certificate could potentially be excluded from single-sex spaces if 'proportionate'.
Police Scotland has now said in a statement: 'The Service has been reviewing affected areas of operational policing, including the procedure for conducting certain kinds of searches, to provide clarity to our colleagues and communities.
'The guidance states that officers and staff will undertake all searches whether in custody or as part of a stop and search interaction, which involve the removal of more than a jacket, gloves, headgear or footwear, on the basis of biological sex.
'The guidance also states that when an individual, whose lived gender differs from their biological sex is subject to search and requests to be searched by an officer of their lived gender, efforts will be made to ensure an appropriate officer conducts the search, where this is operationally viable to do so.
'In these circumstances written consent will be required from the authorising officer (Inspector rank or above), the person to be searched, and the officer(s) conducting the search.'
The force said the approach followed advice from its legal team, 'as well as engagement with relevant business areas, staff associations, trade unions, the Scottish Government and other key partners'.
What does the Supreme Court gender ruling mean?
What did the Supreme Court rule?
The Supreme Court ruled the terms 'woman' and 'sex' in the Equality Act 2010 refer to a biological woman and biological sex.
What does it mean for single sex spaces?
The court's decision will have huge consequences for how single-sex spaces and services operate across the UK, experts said today.
The written Supreme Court judgment gives examples including rape or domestic violence counselling, refuges, rape crisis centres, female-only hospital wards and changing rooms.
The court ruled that trans women with a gender recognition certificate (GRC) can be excluded from single-sex spaces if 'proportionate'.
The government said the ruling 'brings clarity and confidence, for women and service providers such as hospitals, refuges, and sports clubs'.
What does it mean for employers?
Employment experts say it will provide companies with greater 'clarity' over single sex spaces for their staff.
Lara Brown, senior Research Fellow in the Culture and Identity Unit at Policy Exchange, said a trans woman with a GRC who is excluded from single-sex spaces cannot say she is being discriminated against as a woman.
She explained: 'This ruling makes it legal for any space that wants to be single sex to exclude biological men.'
Could employers still be at risk of discrimination?
The Supreme Court made it clear that trans people are protected under the gender reassignment provisions in the Equality Act and will be able to bring claims if they are discriminated or harassed.
Experts say a trans woman will be able to bring a sex discrimination claim if they are disadvantaged because they are perceived to be a woman or because they associate with a woman.
Rob McKellar, legal services director at Peninsula, said failure to be an inclusive workplace, regardless of any protected characteristics, could result in a discrimination claim.
What does the ruling mean for competitive sports?
In recent years, many sports have cracked down on rules around transgender athletes at the elite level.
Athletics, cycling and aquatics are among those who have banned trans women from taking part in women's events.
The UK government said it hopes the decision will provide clarity for sports clubs.
Although today's ruling did not concern sport directly, former Olympian Sharron Davies welcomed the decision, saying it was important to 'define what a woman is'.
Could a pregnant woman with a GRC be entitled to maternity leave?
Experts said today that the ruling that only women can become pregnant shows a trans man (biological woman) would be able to take maternity leave, while a trans woman (biological man) would not.
Jo Moseley, an employment law specialist at national law firm Irwin Mitchell, said: 'The Supreme Court acknowledged that only women can become pregnant. Therefore a trans man (a biological woman who identifies as a man) can take maternity leave.
'Had the court reached a different decision, it's possible that trans men with a GRC wouldn't have been entitled to protection in relation to pregnancy under the characteristics of 'pregnancy or maternity'.'
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