The Camouflage Python: Papuan Olive snake that changes its colours like chameleons

Time of India

31-05-2025

The Papuan olive python (Apodora papuana) is one of nature's most captivating reptiles, known not only for its sheer size but also for its remarkable ability to change colour. Native to the dense rainforests of New Guinea, this non-venomous snake can shift its skin tone from olive green to shades of yellow or black.
This unique, reversible colour change remains a mystery to scientists, though it is thought to be linked to mood, stress, or environmental stimuli. As both a stealthy predator and a biological wonder, the Papuan olive python fascinates researchers and wildlife lovers alike.
Papuan Olive snake's physical features and impressive size
Reaching lengths of up to 13 feet (4 meters), the Papuan olive python is among the largest snake species in its native range. It has a broad, muscular body designed for constriction and a smooth, shiny skin that aids in camouflage.
Its head is noticeably wider than its neck, and its vertical-slit pupils suggest a nocturnal lifestyle. The snake relies on strength rather than venom, wrapping around and suffocating prey with precision and power.
Where do Papun Olive snakes live?
This elusive python thrives in the humid, densely vegetated rainforests of New Guinea. It blends effortlessly into its surroundings, using its camouflage to hide among leaf litter and low vegetation.
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It prefers secluded, moist environments and is often found near water sources or on forest edges. While most commonly located on the mainland, it can also inhabit surrounding islands with similar ecological conditions.
What is the diet of
Camouflage Python
As an ambush predator, the Papuan olive python patiently waits for unsuspecting prey. When an animal comes close, the snake strikes with its powerful jaws and coils around it. Its diet includes a variety of mammals and birds, such as small marsupials, rodents, and ground-dwelling birds.
Thanks to its slow metabolism, it can survive for weeks or even months on a single large meal.
Unique Trait: The colour-changing mystery
Perhaps the most fascinating trait of this species is its ability to change colour. While not as common in snakes as in other reptiles like chameleons, the Papuan olive python's skin can shift between hues, sometimes displaying two tones at once. Scientists believe these changes may indicate stress or emotional responses. This behaviour continues to intrigue biologists who hope to better understand reptilian communication and physiology through further study.
Image: Alamy
Papuan Olive Python's look alike snake Olive Python
Although often confused with the olive python of Australia, the Papuan olive python is a separate species with distinct behavioural and ecological traits. The Australian olive python is more adaptable and often found in rocky or semi-arid environments. Meanwhile, the Papuan species is more secretive and rainforest-dependent, making it harder to study or keep in captivity. These differences highlight the diversity of Australasian pythons.
The Papuan olive python stands out as one of New Guinea's most impressive and mysterious predators. Its powerful build, camouflage skills, and rare colour-changing ability make it a subject of endless fascination. As scientists continue to study this remarkable snake, its role in the delicate rainforest ecosystem becomes ever more clear—and more vital to understand and protect.