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CTV News
a day ago
- General
- CTV News
From ‘giv'er' to ‘freezie': Online dictionary highlights uniquely Canadian terms
Just in time for Canada Day, a team of B.C. researchers has updated an online dictionary of 'Canadianisms' – words and phrases unique to the country ranging from serious to slangy, trivial to tragic, prosaic to political. The Dictionary of Canadianisms on Historical Principles got its most recent update this year and is now mobile-friendly. In total, the third edition contains more than 14,500 meanings for more than 12,000 words. The dictionary's chief editor Dr. Stefan Dollinger, an English professor at the University of British Columbia, spoke to CTV News about the project Monday. 'It is the treasure trove of things in English that make Canada Canadian,' he explained. 'And what is a Canadianism? A Canadianism is a word, expression or meaning that originates in what is now Canada, or that is, and this is important, distinctively characteristic of Canadian usage.' The 2025 update was the culmination of three years of work, resulting in 137 new additions. The process for adding a word or phrase usually starts with a 'hunch,' followed by a search of the word's usage and evolution through time and a comparison to other forms of English. 'The funny thing is, once you look, you find so many things,' Dollinger said. 'I'm convinced we are just scratching the surface.' Browsing entries in the dictionary does more than inform the reader about turns of phrase preferred by Canucks or words used almost exclusively north of the 49th parallel – it also highlights some of the central themes of Canadian history and identity, both good and bad. 'Universal healthcare' is in the dictionary. So is 'residential school.' Hockey terms feature, as do references to fraught political conflicts and national crises. 'If we celebrate the greatness of Canada then we've got to look at the at the flip side, where colonial structures have been used to suppress people to this very day,' Dollinger said. 2025 additions to the dictionary One category of Canadianism is reserved for words or phrases that originated in the country, including those used to describe significant national events. 'Idle no More,' an Indigenous resistance movement started by four women in Saskatchewan in 2012 is one example. 'Land back' as shorthand for 'a social justice movement to return unceded lands to Indigenous populations' is also a new addition in this category in the most recent version. 'The Two Michaels,' referring to the years-long detention of Canadian citizens Michael Savor and Michael Kovrig in China in what the dictionary calls 'modern-day state-sponsored kidnapping' is also one of the new additions. 'Saskatoon freezing deaths' is another entry in this category, referring to Indigenous men who died after being left 'isolated and exposed to the elements in winter outside of Saskatoon by city police,' the dictionary says. 'Starlight tour,' the phrase that describes this particular practice of police brutality has also been added. Using the terms 'demolition and renoviction' as shorthand for how renters were driven out of their homes by 'largely unchecked profit-maximizing efforts in Canada's urban rental markets' – particularly in the early 2000s – are entries in this category because they're almost exclusively used in this country. On the lighter side, using the term 'Canadian tuxedo' to refer to an all-denim ensemble is another new entry – with the dictionary noting its popularity grew in the 2000s after the release of the movie 'Super Troopers.' The word 'freezie' to describe a popular treat on a hot day is also, apparently, specific to Canada. Referring to making a left turn as 'hanging a Larry' and making a right turn as 'hanging a Roger' also made it in as distinctly Canadian. In the U.S., Dollinger points out, people say, 'hanging a Louie' and 'hanging a Ralph.' Words or phrases that are used more frequently in Canada than in other forms of English also make the cut. 'Heat dome' and 'atmospheric river,' used in reference to recent and catastrophic extreme weather events in British Columbia are new additions in the frequency category. Similarly, calling a wildfire that continues to smoulder under the surface over winter a 'zombie fire' has been added due to a recent uptick in Canadian use. Calling a kilometre a 'klick' is also noted for its outsized use in Canada as is referring to someone as being 'in hospital.' Describing a puddle-soaked foot as a 'booter' (in the Prairie provinces) or a 'soaker' (in Ontario) are also new entries in this category. Other euphemisms added on the basis of frequency include calling whole wheat bread 'brown bread,' describing a wheeled, collapsible cart as a 'bundle buggy,' and referring to a bachelorette party as a 'stagette.' The 'culturally significant' category has entries that run the gamut from terms acknowledging the colonial genocide of Indigenous people to words and phrases commonly heard in arenas. 'Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls' and 'MMIWG' are both entries in this category, referring to the thousands of cases of women disappeared or killed in which 'police are suspected to have been negligent in their investigations.' A similar entry is 'settler-colonial violence' to refer to colonialism and its widespread and enduring harms – including residential schools and their intergenerational impact. In addition to terms that acknowledged some of the darkest chapters of Canadian history, new entries in this category include terms that have emerged as part of a patriotic response to threats from the U.S. president. Espresso mixed with hot water saw a rebrand from Americano to 'Canadiano' and using the hockey phrase 'elbows up' to describe scrappy and distinctly Canadian resistance to being annexed as the 51st state. Saying – or more likely shouting – 'giv'er' to encourage maximum athletic effort or, alternatively, hard partying is another entry in this category. The hockey-specific terms 'deke' and 'rink rat' are also included. Other new additions to the dictionary include iconic Canadian foods – ketchup chips and Nanaimo bars. Nicknames for cities also feature, including 'Raincouver,' 'T-dot,' and 'the Peg.' Non-English words are also among the additions, including 'kokum' and 'mosum' the Cree words for grandmother and grandfather. A quiz where people can test their knowledge of Canadianisms can be found on the UBC website.
Globe and Mail
03-06-2025
- Business
- Globe and Mail
Games without frontiers
In the months leading up to last year's Stanley Cup playoffs, the marketing whizzes at Boston Pizza pondered what might make a good campaign centred around the Canadian teams that were participating. They settled on the idea of getting Canadians to set aside their own team affinities and cheer for whichever squad north of the 49th made it to the finals – assuming one did. The company knew it was risky. Its own research showed it would be difficult for many to put aside their deep-seated passion for their own team and cheer for someone they normally cheered against – which last season ended up being the Edmonton Oilers. Still, the restaurant chain pressed onward. 'We knew we were walking on sensitive ice but not thin ice, if that makes any sense,' Boston Pizza's vice-president of marketing, James Kawalecki, said in an interview. The organization produced a smart, well-received ad that began by highlighting the many missed opportunities Canadian NHL teams had to win the cup in recent years, stretching back to the Vancouver Canucks' Stanley Cup run in 1994. The narrator said it was time to try something different to reverse the curse. 'This playoffs, let's cheer with the fans we've always cheered against.' The Edmonton Journal newspaper responded with a story under the headline: News flash: Edmonton doesn't care if Oilers are Canada's team. The author, Robert Tychkowski, wrote: '… Boston Pizza can run all the commercials about fans of all Canadian teams banding together in national harmony it wants – rivals don't cheer for each other. Nor should they.' Well, then. Which brings us to this year's finals, which begin on Wednesday, and again feature the Oilers against the same team they faced for last year's cup, the Florida Panthers. Will Canadian hockey fans temporarily set aside their NHL allegiances to cheer on the Oilers' bid to bring the cup back to Canada after 32 years? Will the swell of national pride in the face of threats by U.S. President Donald Trump make that easier? Or will separatist musings coming out of Alberta complicate that issue for people? So much to ponder. In April, the Angus Reid Institute dug into the question of whether fans of the Vancouver Canucks or Toronto Maple Leafs or any Canadian NHL team could clap, holler and scream in support of players on a rival Canadian squad. The survey found that 71 per cent would cheer for 'any' Canadian team to win the cup, not just their own. That represented a seven-point increase over the previous year and a 14-point hike since 2016. An event that may have injected some juice into the current situation is the 4 Nations Face-Off, which was held in February. Animosity between the Canadians and the Americans spilled over in their first meeting, where there were several fights to start the game, ultimately won by the U.S. They would meet again in the final, which was clinched in overtime by Canada on a goal by superstar Oiler forward Connor McDavid. The warm feelings many Canadians felt toward him then could easily extend to the Stanley Cup finals, making it easier to cheer for his Edmonton team against Florida. That said, if Wayne Gretzky, generally considered the greatest hockey player of all time and whose best years were with Edmonton, shows up to cheer on his old team, things could get complicated. Gretzky's association with Trump, whom he considers a good friend, has not gone over well in Canada. Nor has the fact that he refused to speak out against the President's repeated assertions that he'd like to make Canada a 'cherished 51st state.' In the same April Angus Reid polling, the firm found that 45 per cent of those surveyed have a negative view of Gretzky. In 2011, a Harris-Decima poll showed that only one in 16 Canadians had an unfavourable view of the Great One. Gretzky might be advised to watch this series on TV. Meantime, Shachi Kurl, president of the Angus Reid Institute, doesn't think the current political situation playing out in Alberta will negatively affect support for the Oilers. 'While separatist sentiment in Alberta is drawing strong pushback both outside and inside the province, it's hard to see those who'd prefer to keep the country together venting their annoyance at the Oilers,' Kurl said. 'While the perfect data crosstab of separatism by hockey fandom by Oilers hate does not exist, one can draw a few conclusions.' On that front, she said, Edmonton is not exactly ground zero for secessionism. And the thirst for a Canadian team to finally bring home the cup doubtlessly surpasses any separatist backlash that may exist against the team. 'Although the team may not benefit from public displays of Alberta Premier Danielle Smith in the stands,' Kurl said. As always, the question of fan support for NHL teams is complicated by other factors. Many in eastern parts of the country rarely watch the Oilers play because of the time-zone difference. How well a person knows a team and its players can influence their decision to support them or not. Then there are fans of the Calgary Flames. The intra-provincial rivalry between the Oilers and the Flames makes any support for the other – regardless of the circumstances (see Stanley Cup) or maybe even more so because of them – extremely difficult. Although, some might make an exception on the basis of provincial pride. The folks at Boston Pizza, meantime, have come up with a new campaign for this season's playoffs, one that doesn't ask Canadians to cheer for an NHL rival but rather suggests they get ready for the cup to return north of the border. The ad shows actors in raincoats and goggles getting ready to uncork Champagne bottles when the cup celebration the ad is manifesting to happen eventually occurs. 'This country is ready to pop,' one of them says. In an earlier playoff ad that Boston Pizza ran last month, there are echoes of the current political discourse. 'This is our game and we're not giving it back,' the narrator says at one point. Kawalecki said that was intentional. 'If the cup isn't in Canada it's in the U.S. and that isn't right,' he said. 'It's been too long. We need to bring the cup back to where it belongs. We need to fight for what is ours.' Q+A: Will the Oilers win the Stanley Cup? Ask our hockey experts your playoff questions Excitement, nervousness and a sense of déjà vu grips Edmonton At Vancouver's unofficial Oilers bar, Edmonton fans find a little piece of home during the playoffs Oilers-mania runs deep in this remote Dene community
Time of India
07-05-2025
- Politics
- Time of India
Why Trump's 'Imaginary' Canada-US border remark oversimplifies centuries of treaty, conflict, and compromise
Continue to video 5 5 Next Stay Playback speed 1x Normal Back 0.25x 0.5x 1x Normal 1.5x 2x 5 5 / Skip Ads by The origins: from revolution to the 49th Parallel Live Events Borderlines through indigenous lands British Columbia, railroads, and the threat of American expansion The Alaska panhandle dispute: a diplomatic setback Not just a line: a modern-day reality Conclusion: more than a ruler's stroke US President Donald Trump stirred controversy again this week by calling the Canada-US border an 'artificially drawn line,' claiming it was created 'with a ruler' across the top of North America. Speaking alongside Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney during a media appearance at the White House on May 6, Trump doubled down on his long-held idea that the international boundary is little more than an "imaginary" divider."When you look at it, somebody drew that line many years ago with, like, a ruler — just a straight line right across the top of the country," Trump said. When reporters asked Carney for a response, he quipped: 'I'm glad that you couldn't tell what was going through my mind.'Also read: Canada–US relations in 2025: a cross-border partnership tested by politics and trade But while the border may appear simple on modern maps, historians argue that this perspective dangerously oversimplifies centuries of complex negotiations, Indigenous displacement, colonial land deals, and treaty-making. The 8,891-kilometre-long Canada-US border — the longest undefended boundary in the world — was not the product of a single act but rather the outcome of over 125 years of treaty wrangling, surveying expeditions, and political foundation of the modern border dates back to the 1783 Treaty of Paris, signed at the conclusion of the American Revolutionary War. It marked the initial lines between the new United States and British North America. But it was only the beginning of an evolving process that required decades to fully Stephen Bown, author of Dominion: The Railway and the Rise of Canada, notes that many early treaties were drawn by diplomats who had never stepped foot in the lands they were dividing. "The maps they used were wildly inaccurate," Bown says. "Often, the people signing these deals had no real understanding of the geography or the Indigenous communities already living there."Also read: Canadians, don't travel to the US before reading this, new measures could ruin your travel plans The Treaty of 1818 significantly shaped the western boundary, establishing the now-famous 49th parallel as the dividing line from the Great Lakes to the Rocky Mountains. The straight-line demarcation made surveying easier, but it ignored natural features, human geography, and traditional Indigenous imposition of these arbitrary lines had devastating impacts on Indigenous Peoples, whose ancestral lands spanned what would later become Canada and the United States. One prominent example is the Blackfoot Confederacy, whose territory historically stretched from the Canadian Prairies into present-day Montana.'These boundaries weren't just imaginary — they were imposed on communities who never agreed to them,' says Craig Baird, host of the Canadian History Ehx podcast. 'The idea that this was all just drawn with a ruler minimizes the real consequences.'In fact, Bown emphasizes that many land claims were fraudulent or at least morally questionable. He cites the 1869 acquisition of Rupert's Land by Canada from the Hudson's Bay Company — a deal that transferred massive swaths of Indigenous territory to the Canadian government for £300,000. 'The Hudson's Bay Company didn't own that land,' Bown explains. 'They just pretended they did, and Britain went along with it.'By the mid-19th century, America's doctrine of Manifest Destiny — the belief that the US was divinely destined to expand across North America — placed pressure on British colonial holdings in the West. There were real fears that British Columbia might be annexed by the USAlso read: Sorry, not sorry, America: why Canadians are rethinking everything U.S. To prevent this, Prime Minister John A. Macdonald offered the colony an ambitious deal: join Confederation in exchange for a transcontinental railway. The resulting Canadian Pacific Railway helped secure B.C. as part of Canada in 1871 and further reinforced the border with the US'Railways were as much about sovereignty and statecraft as they were about transportation,' Bown says. 'Without that railway promise, we may have seen a very different map today.'The last major adjustment to the border came in 1908 with the settlement of the Alaska boundary dispute. At issue was control over the southeastern panhandle — a coastal strip critical to Yukon's access to the Pacific between the US, Canada, and the United Kingdom resulted in a decision favoring the Americans. 'The British were trying to improve relations with the US at the time,' says Baird. 'And Canada was effectively overruled in the process.'As a result, key ports like Juneau remained American, and the Yukon was left landlocked — a decision that still stings for some historians and the Canada-US border is more than just a line on a map. It supports nearly $2 billion in daily trade and represents one of the most peaceful international boundaries on the planet. It cuts through lakes, forests, towns, and even homes — yet remains a symbol of long-standing diplomatic as Baird notes, the border's permanence isn't up for debate. 'Redrawing it in the 21st century is practically impossible,' he says. 'It's been there for centuries. You can't just erase it with a Sharpie.'Also read: 'Canada won't be for sale': Carney-Trump showdown at the White House President Trump's comment may have been intended to provoke, but it also reveals a lack of understanding about the painstaking history that defines one of the world's most significant international from being an arbitrary or imaginary line, the Canada-US border is the product of generations of legal wrangling, Indigenous dispossession, and political maneuvering. While it may look simple on a map, its roots run deep in the complex history of North America — a history that cannot be flattened into a single quote or political soundbite.
