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Miami Herald
3 days ago
- Automotive
- Miami Herald
Trump's auto loan tax break could save working class buyers thousands, experts say
WASHINGTON - A Trump-backed tax holiday on auto loan interest payments could save middle-class Americans several hundred dollars apiece on new U.S.-built vehicle purchases through 2028, according to industry experts. The break comes via a provision in the Republicans' One Big Beautiful Bill Act, a massive tax cut and spending package signed into law by President Donald Trump on July 4. "Auto buyers got an above-the-line tax deduction. That's a rare beast in the zoo of tax policies," economist Patrick Anderson said. He also called it a "sharp U-turn in auto tax policy" from the Biden era, which featured electric vehicle credits used by more affluent customers. There are strings attached to the provision, so not all customers and not all vehicles will qualify. But automakers and analysts alike have cheered the policy change as one that will benefit the working class and nudge buyers toward built-in-America vehicles. "For the subset of taxpayers that are employed, earn between $50,000 and $100,000 in salary, and are ready to buy a new car, this could reduce their cost by between $300 and $900 per year, and for heavy borrowers, over $1,000 per year," Anderson's firm, the Lansing, Michigan-based Anderson Economic Group, wrote in an analysis of the new policy. A separate analysis by automotive and industrial consultancy AlixPartners estimated similar benefits of up to $800 in each of the first and second years of auto loans when interest payments are highest, with total savings of approximately $3,000 over the full term of a given loan. The analysis also suggested that about 1.8 million borrowers per year could benefit. "While the auto-loan interest deduction for domestically produced vehicles would of course benefit consumers directly, this measure could help out automakers and dealers as well - if it nudges affordability upward and helps sustain demand. The proof, as always tough, will be in the final pudding," said Akshay Baliga, a director in the automotive and industrial practice at AlixPartners. Trump promised the auto loan tax break on the campaign trail last year, including during a speech to the Detroit Economic Club in October. At the time, he said the tax policy would help both automakers and consumers dealing with high prices across an industry that was "going out of business." Since then, Michigan U.S. Rep. Bill Huizenga, a Republican, has been a champion of the policy in Congress. He introduced a bill on the topic in May titled the "Made in America Motors Act," which was later folded into the Republicans' broader budget package. "Thanks to the No Tax on Auto Loan Interest included in the One Big Beautiful Bill, millions of Americans will find it more affordable to finance the purchase of a new car, minivan, truck, or SUV that is assembled in the United States," Huizenga said in an emailed statement. He added: "By reducing the federal tax burden by up to $10,000, this provision provides substantial relief to hardworking Americans, not just here in Michigan but across the nation, who have suffered from years of Bidenflation. Importantly, this provision will also spur on Michigan's automotive sector and strengthen the good-paying jobs it supports across our state." The White House has given the auto loan tax break top billing in promoting the legislative package, touting it in social media posts alongside wider-reaching "no tax on tips" and "no tax on overtime" policies. The average MSRP of a new vehicle in June was $51,124, according to Kelley Blue Book. That is the second-highest on record behind December 2024 ($51,990). Policy basics The provision applies "above the line," meaning that eligible tax filers will be able to take advantage of the break, even if they claim the widely used standard deduction on their annual federal submission. Individuals earning less than $100,000 in modified adjusted gross income and couples earning less than $200,000 can get the full benefit of the tax break, but it gradually phases out for higher-income filers. Anderson advised potential buyers to confirm their MAGI before making a purchase, since it tends to be higher than the more commonly known AGI. The Internal Revenue Service explains the difference on its website. The economist also advised buyers to double-check with dealers on where vehicles were assembled, since manufacturers often have different assembly locations for different trims of the same model. For anyone under the income cap looking to use the new deduction, the following basic requirements apply: -Purchases made in 2025 (including before July 4), 2026, 2027 and 2028 -No leases -Final vehicle assembly completed in the United States -Vehicle is either a car, minivan, van, sport utility vehicle, pickup truck, or motorcycle made for use on public streets -Vehicle weight below 14,000 pounds -Vehicle is new and for personal use -Loan made by unrelated parties (no family loans) The policy allows annual deductions of up to $10,000, though few filers are likely to claim deductions that high. The deduction provides no benefit for cash-rich buyers who pay off their vehicle in full upon purchase, and limited benefit to buyers who agree to low-APR financing deals with minimal interest accruing. The average interest rate on auto loans for borrowers with good to excellent credit (670 to 850 credit score) ranged from 5.18% to 6.70% in the first quarter of 2025, according to NerdWallet. For borrowers with nonprime or subprime credit (501-660), rates typically fall between 9.83% and 13.22%. Those rates could rise and fall depending on the length of a loan, with shorter loans drawing lower rates and longer ones drawing higher ones. The most common auto loans are between five and seven years. In practical terms, auto borrowers with strong credit who opt to buy a $30,000 vehicle, make a 20% down payment, and accept a 72-month loan would likely face annual interest payments between $1,200 and $1,700 for the first year of their loan. They could deduct a portion of that from their taxes and expect savings in the range of $140 and $360, depending on their federal income tax bracket. A borrower with weaker but still fair credit participating in a similar transaction would save in the range of $290 to $710, though savings in all cases vary depending on a combination of vehicle price, down payment, loan terms and income. Who benefits most? Anderson said that the "sweet spot" for the new tax policy is "younger workers buying a first or second car, working families that need a family-hauler, and trade workers that need lower-trim trucks for their personal use." His analysis included more than two dozen domestically assembled models that will likely benefit from the deduction, with several from Ford Motor Co., General Motors Co. and Stellantis NV. Those models include the Ford Bronco, Escape and lower-trim F-150s; Chevrolet Traverse, Colorado and lower-trim Silverado; and the Jeep Wrangler and Cherokee. Anderson doubted that the luxury market would see much benefit, since buyers in that segment tend to have higher incomes. He also noted that lower- and medium-income buyers who choose to go into debt to purchase expensive cars will be able to deduct "substantial" interest, though their budgets will take a hit in the process. A full list of eligible vehicles, Anderson predicted, will eventually be published by the IRS. Ivan Drury, the director of insights for Edmunds, said the policy will most benefit buyers with poor credit who need to accept higher interest rates to get an auto loan. Drury also predicted that some buyers might choose to put less money down at the time of purchase or opt into extended warranties or maintenance packages, knowing that they are in line for a tax break at the end of the year. "I think for the dealership, this is very beneficial when someone is financing," he said. "It's another leverage point for a dealership to make things more enticing once you're already in there." He also said the benefit is strong for consumers: "It's almost like, is it too good to be true? When you're paying interest, you're just paying the bank, right? You're not getting more car. Nobody wants to pay for the right to borrow." Industry reaction Drury called the new policy a welcome change for consumers but said it is unlikely to be a "volume buster" that supercharges auto sales. "Is it going to make or break the numbers for an OEM or a dealership? Unlikely," he said. "But it will make consumers feel less sting when they see current interest rates, especially people who've been out of the market for over six years, which is the average age for trading a vehicle in for a new car." Anderson's analysis also noted that the new deduction could help offset price increases from Trump's 25% tariffs on imported auto parts. Several automakers and dealers have cheered the new tax break, including Ford Motor Co., which assembled about 80% of its vehicles in the United States last year. "Customers can rest easy knowing America's best-selling trucks, the F-Series, are all assembled in America and qualify for this deduction," company spokesperson Robyn Jackson said in a statement. "As America's top auto producer, we're glad to see Congress and the Trump administration create policies that lower costs for customers and support the American auto industry at the same time." General Motors Co., which built about half of its vehicles in the United States, also celebrated the move. The manufacturer has launched dedicated landing pages for the tax breaks across its Chevy, GMC and Cadillac websites. "GM and its brands have been the engine of growth for the US auto industry this year, and we don't see that changing," company spokesperson Elizabeth Winter said in a statement. Stellantis NV and the Alliance for Automotive Innovation, the industry's top lobbying group, declined to comment. The United Auto Workers did not immediately respond to a request for comment Thursday. The National Auto Dealers Association suggested the policy might nudge sales upward with average new vehicle prices close to all-time highs. "The new provision allowing qualifying car buyers to deduct auto loan interest is designed to help offset some costs and make certain vehicles more affordable. As a result, it is expected to help stimulate car sales for the industry," spokesperson Amy Wright said. Walt Tutak, the dealer trade inventory manager at Matthews-Hargreaves Chevrolet in Royal Oak, said the tax break was "a great thing" but did not expect it to boost sales significantly. Tutak noted that his dealership leases about 70% of new vehicles, transactions that are not covered by the new policy. He suggested that some buyers might switch to purchasing because of their ability to deduct loan interest but expected the impact to be marginal. "If you have to buy a car, you're going to buy it one way or the other," Tutak said in a phone interview. "I might be wrong, but I don't think it's gonna make any more sales. It's just gonna help the consumer." Copyright (C) 2025, Tribune Content Agency, LLC. Portions copyrighted by the respective providers.
Yahoo
03-06-2025
- Automotive
- Yahoo
Auto tariff price hikes: When is the best time to buy a car?
According to an analysis from the Anderson Economic Group, auto and auto-part tariffs could add at least $2,000 to the price of vehicles. However, many automakers are absorbing costs or raising prices modestly. Kelley Blue Book executive editor Brian Moody joins Wealth to explain that buyers already in the market should act soon, as used car prices are set to rise with shrinking inventory. To watch more expert insights and analysis on the latest market action, check out more Wealth here. 25% tariffs on imported cars and car parts are expected to create cost burdens of at least $2,000 per vehicle, according to an analysis from the Anderson Economic Group. And that estimate pushes upwards of $15,000 for certain electric vehicles and European and Asian luxury cars. Car companies are responding in kind. Hyundai, weighing 1% price increases across the board, according to Bloomberg. And starting July 5th, Ford will start raising prices on three Mexico-built models. Here with more, we've got Brian Moody, executive editor over at Kelly Blue Book. Great to have you here with us, Brian. Are we seeing some automakers mull price increases due to the tariff environment and how much do you expect will actually be passed on to the consumer? Well, it might vary model by model, but what we're seeing right now is that there hasn't really been much of a price increase on new cars. In fact, year-over-year, it's about flat, less than 1% of an increase on new cars. That's the average transaction price. But that's because certain automakers have chosen to sort of, you know, absorb that increase, while other automakers, Nissan specifically, have actually lowered the prices on specific models that are built here in the US. So some prices will go up, the ones that would be the most greatly impacted would be a car that arrives here to the US, almost already completely built. That's the car that's going to incur the largest tariff. And so, which companies are best navigating and best positioned, I guess, going forward to also navigate that tariff risk as it relates to the consumer price? Well, Hyundai Group is one that's positioned well, even though they are considering a 1% price increase across the board. But they do have a relatively new plant in Savannah, Georgia, which is positioned to build cars and SUVs for all of their brands, and that could be a wise move. Now, that was already in play long before the current crisis or the current administration. So that could have ended up being a wise move. Kia is also in a good position. Mercedes-Benz has actually said that they have their plant in Alabama, where they're going to ramp up production of models that maybe they did make outside the US, and they're going to build them here in the US. And those companies that can do that, that have the option of doing that, are going to be in the best position. Also, Ford builds a very large majority of their cars here in the US. So when is the best time to buy a car in this current environment right now? Well, if you're already in the market for a new car, and when I say that, I mean, don't let headlines move you into the new car market. Let's say you're already there, your lease is ending, you've had a wrecked car or your car just won't last any longer. Make that process speed up just a little bit. Don't jump in because you're afraid about what the prices are going to be if you have a good car now, but if you're already in the market, speeding that process up will help. I just don't see how waiting can help in any way, especially since we know used car prices were already going to go up, no matter what. And so, what is the outlook for the summer that you're anticipating? Um, gradually increasing used car prices, gradually shrinking used car inventory, a relatively healthy new car inventory, but prices, prices will gradually creep up on many cars that you typically thought of as low price. So what we don't know is how they're going to spread out the price increases. What we do know is that there probably will be increases. While we have you, Brian, we're also keeping tabs on the Republican tax bill that passed the House headed to the Senate. In the bill, there is a proposal for a tax break for car purchases. Americans would be able to deduct up to $10,000 a year in eligible auto loan interest. So how impactful could this be for buyers and what are some of the details from the best assessment that you've been able to kind of put together? Right. So that could be a very good thing for consumers. And here's why. The affordability of new cars has been decreasing, meaning they're just becoming more expensive, not just the price of the car, but the price of purchasing credit to buy that car, and the price of servicing and the price of parts. So that kind of relief could move more people into the market. You should still be reasonable and get a low-priced car based on your budget, but that kind of thing is the sort of hidden fee that many consumers don't like, the interest rate or the service plan. So it could help greatly. Another place to look for consumers is the used electric car market. That's a great place for some bargains. What are you making right now of just the sentiment among car brands, especially as we think about the EV landscape and how Tesla has been losing some of its, its luster internationally? Is that something that's also transpiring here domestically? Yes. Well, yes, but this past month, GM, Nissan, and Tesla had pretty good months because there was increases in their electric vehicles. And remember, Tesla only sells electric vehicles. But yes, Tesla market share will continue to go down and that's simply because there's more options. Think about when Tesla first introduced the Model S and the Model X, you know, years ago, there wasn't much competition. Today, there's plenty of competition from brands like Nissan, Ford, Honda, and others. Brian, great to see you. Thanks so much for taking the time here with us today. Thank you.
Yahoo
18-05-2025
- Automotive
- Yahoo
This Car Price Index Jumped to Its Highest Level Since 2023: Are Higher Car Prices Next?
The past few months have been hard on those looking for a new — and used — ride. Used car prices raced up by 4.9% year-over-year for the month of April 2025, according to Cox Automotive's Manheim Used Vehicle Value Index. That was after being up by 2.7% from March 2025, the previous month. Be Aware: Find Out: It's the highest jump in used car prices since 2023. Analysts think that might foretell rising car costs — both new and used — throughout the year. By now, it's common knowledge that tariffs work like a tax on the American importer, and are often passed down in part or in their entirety to the consumer. And since cars are expensive items, the impact can be sticker shocking. And although following the tariff roller coaster is anything but simple, on Apr. 3, following the expiration of U.S. exemptions under the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA), a 25% tariff was imposed on all imported cars. That disrupted the auto supply chain and automakers warned that the costs of the tariffs would be passed onto customers. That resulted in a lot of talk of higher car prices. For instance, a May 1 report by Anderson Economic Group estimated that new auto prices could jump anywhere from $2,500 to $15,000, depending on the make and model. All that sent many buyers to dealer lots to buy cars brought in before tariffs took effect. Read More: As new car prices rise, analysts say that more buyers may turn to the used car market, driving prices up there, too — hence, the March and April jumps in prices. And while used car prices have been less affected by tariffs than new car price projections, according to Carvana CEO Earnie Garcia, they are not immune. And in fact, Cox reported that the average used car retail listing price was up 2% in four weeks, to over $25,000. In the same time frame average new car prices hit $48,000. Not surprisingly, the tariff landscape changed recently — again — for the auto industry. According to Reuters, after the auto industry cried foul and pleaded with the Trump Administration, on Apr. 29, yet another executive order gave American automakers credits of up to 15% of the value of U.S.-assembled cars and trucks. That helps offset the price of the tariffs, but not eliminate it. That and other exemptions and allowances were designed to mitigate the damage of the tariffs and the cost to consumers. Still, the cost to automakers, and car buyers, remains significant. With a seemingly ever-changing trade policy and tariff landscape, uncertainty is high. That usually doesn't bode well for the consumer. So, according to Kelley Blue Book, even with the uncertainty, analysts expect new and used car prices to remain high or increase in 2025. More From GOBankingRates What $1 Million in Retirement Savings Looks Like in Monthly Spending 5 Types of Vehicles Retirees Should Stay Away From Buying 5 Little-Known Ways to Make Summer Travel More Affordable 7 Tax Loopholes the Rich Use To Pay Less and Build More Wealth Sources Manheim, 'Used Vehicle Value Index.' Anderson Economic Group, 'Tariff Costs for U.S.-Assembled Vehicles Drop Under 'Adjusted' Policy.' Investor's Business Daily, 'Used-Car Prices Jump On Tariffs, Lifting Carvana, These Other Auto-Retail Stocks.' CNBC, 'Used vehicle pricing barometer jumps to highest level since 2023 amid auto tariffs.' Reuters, 'Trump set to soften auto tariffs after industry pushback.' Kelley Blue Book, 'When Will New Car Prices Drop?' This article originally appeared on This Car Price Index Jumped to Its Highest Level Since 2023: Are Higher Car Prices Next? Sign in to access your portfolio
Yahoo
06-05-2025
- Automotive
- Yahoo
Economists estimate new tariff costs to range between $2,000 to $12,000 per vehicle
A Michigan economics group, calculating tariff impact after President Donald Trump's latest executive orders, has estimated that the least-impacted vehicles will still face a $2,000 tariff and the most impacted will see a tariff of $15,000. Anderson Economic Group started analyzing the costs of tariffs imposed on a variety of vehicles sold in the United States as soon as Trump signed his latest executive orders on auto tariffs, Patrick Anderson, CEO of the consulting firm, told the Detroit Free Press. The firm's new estimates include the changes Trump made on April 29 intended to provide some relief to automakers who assemble vehicles in the United States but use foreign parts in them. The order provides a small break on tariffs for two years to allow automakers time to re-source parts from domestic suppliers. File photo taken on June 8, 2017. Employees inspect Mercedes-Benz C-Class cars at the Mercedes-Benz US International factory in Vance, Alabama. "The adjustments provide significant and beneficial softening of the cost impact of these tariffs, at least for U.S.-assembled vehicles," said Anderson, who is the lead author of this study. "However, the cost is still substantial for most American cars and trucks.' Some vehicles will see a $15,000 hit Anderson noted that many U.S. consumers have been taking no chances, saying, 'The sales surge in March confirms that Americans expect prices to go up because of tariffs, and the revised (Anderson Economic Group) estimates confirm they are right." Anderson Economic Group estimated the tariff costs under the adjusted policy as follows: ◾Lower impact: These are vehicles assembled in the United States with substantial U.S. parts content. The estimated tariff costs will be $2,000 to $3,000 per vehicle. Examples: Honda Civic, Honda Odyssey, Chevrolet Malibu, Toyota Camry Hybrid and Ford Explorer. ◾Medium impact: Vehicles in this group will pay a tariff of $4,000 to $8,000. Some Jeep and Ram truck models are in this category, as are the Chrysler Pacifica van, BMW X3, Ford Bronco Sport and Volkswagen Jetta. Some vehicles assembled in Texas, such as the Chevrolet Suburban and GMC Yukon large SUVs, will see a tariff of just under $8,000, a reduction from the previous estimate of $11,000 in tariffs before Trump adjusted the tariffs. ◾High impact: These are mostly full-size luxury SUVs, some all-electric vehicles and cars assembled in Europe and Asia. The tariff impact on these vehicles will be $10,000 to $12,000, with some EVs and European and Asian luxury vehicles having an estimated tariff exceeding $15,000. Mercedes G-Wagon, other Mercedes sedans, Land Rover and Range Rover vehicles, some BMW models and the Ford Mach-E, fall into this group.
USA Today
05-05-2025
- Automotive
- USA Today
Economists estimate new tariff costs to range between $2,000 to $12,000 per vehicle
Economists estimate new tariff costs to range between $2,000 to $12,000 per vehicle Show Caption Hide Caption Gov. Gretchen Whitmer agrees with Donald Trump on manufacturing, not widespread tariffs Michigan's Governor Gretchen Whitmer delivered a speech in Washington, D.C. for 'Build, America, Build." Anderson Economic Group has estimated that Trump's revised tariffs on parts still results in tariffs of $2,000 to possibly $15,000 per vehicle. The Ford Mach-E still falls into a high tariff group because it is built in Mexico. A Michigan economics group, calculating tariff impact after President Donald Trump's latest executive orders, has estimated that the least-impacted vehicles will still face a $2,000 tariff and the most impacted will see a tariff of $15,000. Anderson Economic Group started analyzing the costs of tariffs imposed on a variety of vehicles sold in the United States as soon as Trump signed his latest executive orders on auto tariffs, Patrick Anderson, CEO of the consulting firm, told the Detroit Free Press. The firm's new estimates include the changes Trump made on April 29 intended to provide some relief to automakers who assemble vehicles in the United States but use foreign parts in them. The order provides a small break on tariffs for two years to allow automakers time to re-source parts from domestic suppliers. "The adjustments provide significant and beneficial softening of the cost impact of these tariffs, at least for US-assembled vehicles," said Anderson, who is the lead author of this study. "However, the cost is still substantial for most American cars and trucks.' Some vehicles will see a $15,000 hit Anderson noted that many U.S. consumers have been taking no chances saying, 'The sales surge in March confirms that Americans expect prices to go up because of tariffs, and the revised (Anderson Economic Group) estimates confirm they are right." Anderson Economic Group estimated the tariff costs under the adjusted policy as follows: Lower impact : These are vehicles assembled in the United States with substantial U.S. parts content. The estimated tariff costs will be $2,000 to $3,000 per vehicle. Examples: Honda Civic, Honda Odyssey, Chevrolet Malibu, Toyota Camry Hybrid and Ford Explorer. : These are vehicles assembled in the United States with substantial U.S. parts content. The estimated tariff costs will be $2,000 to $3,000 per vehicle. Examples: Honda Civic, Honda Odyssey, Chevrolet Malibu, Toyota Camry Hybrid and Ford Explorer. Medium impact : Vehicles in this group will pay a tariff of $4,000 to $8,000. Some Jeep and Ram truck models are in this category, as are the Chrysler Pacifica van, BMW X3, Ford Bronco Sport and Volkswagen Jetta. Some vehicles assembled in Texas, such as the Chevrolet Suburban and GMC Yukon large SUVs, will see a tariff of just under $8,000, a reduction from the previous estimate of $11,000 in tariffs before Trump adjusted the tariffs. : Vehicles in this group will pay a tariff of $4,000 to $8,000. Some Jeep and Ram truck models are in this category, as are the Chrysler Pacifica van, BMW X3, Ford Bronco Sport and Volkswagen Jetta. Some vehicles assembled in Texas, such as the Chevrolet Suburban and GMC Yukon large SUVs, will see a tariff of just under $8,000, a reduction from the previous estimate of $11,000 in tariffs before Trump adjusted the tariffs. High impact: These are mostly full-size luxury SUVs, some all-electric vehicles and cars assembled in Europe and Asia. The tariff impact on these vehicles will be $10,000 to $12,000, with some EVs and European and Asian luxury vehicles having an estimated tariff exceeding $15,000. Mercedes G-Wagon, other Mercedes sedans, Land Rover and Range Rover vehicles, some BMW models and the Ford Mach-E, fall into this group. Anderson said that because the list prices and content on specific vehicles within model lines vary considerably, so will the tariff impact. General Motors, however, disagreed with some of Anderson's findings. GM spokesman Jim Cain said, 'The calculation on the large SUVs overstates GM's tariff exposure on those vehicles. It is almost guesswork.' Class action lawsuits: Automaker GM knew about V8 engine problems for years before giant, lawsuit claims Cain declined to provide the exact dollar exposure the large SUVs may have to tariffs, saying that is proprietary information. Anderson said he stood by the calculation, citing GM's filings with the U.S. government as the source for how much U.S. content GM has in those vehicles, hence its tariff exposure. Trump's tariff tweak helps only a little On April 3, Trump put a 25% tariff — the tax an importer pays on a good when it crosses international borders — on all imported vehicles to encourage more U.S. manufacturing. Trump was set to then enact 25% tariffs on all imported parts starting May 3. But given that most vehicles assembled in the United States contain a lot of imported parts, the duties on those parts would run into thousands of dollars per vehicle. So on April 29, the administration modified its 25% tariffs on foreign auto parts. In a complex formula, the executive orders Trump signed will now allow automakers to be reimbursed for those tariffs up to an amount equal to 3.75% of the value of a U.S.-made car for one year. The reimbursement drops to 2.5% of the car's value in a second year, and then is phased out. "The April 29 proclamation reduces tariff costs for some vehicles assembled in the United States, butdoes not eliminate tariff costs from any vehicle we studied," Anderson said in the study's news release. "For vehicles assembled in other countries, including those assembled using substantial U.S. content, the new policy does not significantly reduce the cost of the automotive tariffs." For example, the all-electric Ford Mach-E is assembled in Mexico and has a list price of about $55,000. Anderson said before the April 29 executive order, it had a tariff exceeding $12,000. He said it will still have that high tariff. But the Ford Explorer, which Ford assembles in Illinois and has a list price of about $50,000, previously had a tariff impact of about $4,300. That will drop to about $2,400, under the new rules. For specifics on the study and Anderson's methodology visit its website at Jamie L. LaReau is the senior autos writer who covers Ford Motor Co. for the Detroit Free Press. Contact Jamie at jlareau@ Follow her on Twitter @jlareauan. To sign up for our autos newsletter. Become a subscriber.
