Latest news with #ArabianPeninsula
Arab News
15 hours ago
- Arab News
How Saudi Arabia's quails became both a delicacy and a conservation priority
JEDDAH: At dawn over the Arabian Peninsula, the sky comes alive with birds tracing ancient migratory paths through Saudi Arabia — a natural crossroads linking East Asia, Europe and Africa. They are more than mere travelers. They serve as sensitive indicators of ecosystem health, playing vital roles in seed dispersal, plant pollination and insect control — all essential for maintaining ecological balance. Among the many species passing through is the small but mighty quail. Though modest in size, quails carry outsized environmental and cultural significance, deeply woven into the region's heritage. 'Quail' is a general term referring to various genera of small, ground-dwelling birds in the order Galliformes — the same group that includes chickens, leading Saudi ornithologist and biodiversity expert Hany Tatwany told Arab News. Globally, quails are classified into two groups: Old World quails and New World quails, with around 130 species found across Europe, Asia and Africa. 'Quails are similar in size to doves, and their rounded shape resembles that of a partridge,' said Tatwany. 'They typically live in social groups called coveys, especially outside the breeding season.' These coveys often include a breeding pair and their young, sometimes merging with other families during key times of the year. 'This behavior reflects their gregarious nature and cooperative instincts,' Tatwany added. Quails are omnivores, feeding on grains, plant buds and insects. They breed in Europe and Central Asia before migrating south to Africa for the winter. Saudi Arabia serves as a critical stopover on both legs: 'They cross the Kingdom on both journeys,' said Tatwany. Upon arrival, quails settle in fields and wild areas with dense grass cover, where they hide during the day and continue migrating by night. Saudi Arabia's geography places it on one of the world's most critical bird migration routes. The Kingdom acts as a seasonal refuge for hundreds of species, with 550 recorded to date — including 219 breeding birds, 280 migratory species, and 51 vagrants. Of these, 27 are listed as globally threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List. Thirteen bird species — including various quails — are found nowhere else other than in or near the Arabian Peninsula, further underlining the region's biodiversity. Tatwany, widely recognized as Saudi Arabia's first wildlife veterinarian, with over 36 years of experience, highlighted how quails call and crow nonstop while hiding, 'indicating their presence in the area' to other birds. 'They do not flush except when approached very closely,' he said. 'If alerted, the rapid flapping of their wings produces a distinctive sound. They usually flee a short distance and stay in the area, especially if the grass is dense and thick.' Unfortunately, these traits have made quails vulnerable to hunters. Along migration routes, they are often targeted using firearms, nets and devices that mimic quail calls to lure them into traps. Rising threats have prompted Saudi Arabia to introduce laws to protect both quail species. 'In the Kingdom, hunting quail is illegal,' said Tatwany. The fine for failing to comply is SR1,500 ($400) per bird, while the estimated compensation value is SR3,000 for the common quail and SR7,000 for the harlequin quail. 'In Saudi Arabia, two species of quails have been recognized: the common quail, known scientifically as Coturnix coturnix, and the harlequin quail, Coturnix delegorguei,' said Tatwany, who co-founded the Kingdom's ungulate breeding program and has led major wildlife reintroduction efforts. The common quail measures 16-18 centimeters in length, with a wingspan of 32-35 centimeters and a weight of 70-155 grams. It is both a migrant and partial breeder in Saudi Arabia. 'This species occurs throughout the Kingdom during migration seasons in March-April and September-October,' said Tatwany. 'It also overwinters in some areas and breeds in patches, particularly in the central regions. The best place to see the common quail is in Haradh.' The harlequin quail, slightly larger at 16-19 cm and weighing 49-95 grams, is a resident breeder. 'It is best observed in the southern Tihamah grasslands and in Sabya in the Jizan Area,' said Tatwany. Quails nest on the ground in shallow scrapes lined with grass and leaves. The male defends the territory while the female builds the nest and cares for the eggs and chicks. A female typically lays between eight and 13 eggs, which hatch after 17 to 20 days. The chicks leave the nest shortly after hatching and begin flying about 19 days later. Known for being extremely cautious, quails are more often heard than seen. The male frequently produces a rhythmic series of calls that repeat every few seconds. Quails have a long history of interaction with humans, especially as a food source. Today, they are farmed domestically. Quails live in 'coveys,' social groups of adult pairs and their young that flock together in dense grasslands. They respond to each other's calls, a behavior exploited by illegal hunters using calling devices. Commercial quail farming began in Saudi Arabia in the 1980s, initially to feed falcons and later as a culinary delicacy. While several species have been domesticated worldwide, the common quail remains the primary type used in farming. Due to their size and high egg yield, Coturnix quails are highly valued in poultry production. 'This breed has more meat and lays more eggs than the others,' said Tatwany. 'The poultry industry in the Kingdom started around the late 1970s to early 1980s, mainly as feed for falcons used in falconry, serving as a preferred substitute for pigeons. 'This also marked the beginning of quail meat and eggs becoming available in commercial outlets within the Kingdom for human consumption. Additionally, quail recipes have become increasingly popular in Saudi cuisine.' Quail eggs, in particular, have gained favor in Saudi kitchens. Their small size, delicate flavor and high nutritional value make them a staple ingredient in both traditional and modern dishes. They appear in appetizers and salads, adding both taste and nourishment. In main courses like kabsa and mandi, quail eggs often top rice and meat dishes, lending color and flavor. They are also featured in dishes such as masabeeb and qursan and are popular as boiled or fried snacks. Nutritionally, quail eggs are rich in protein, vitamins A, B and D, and essential minerals such as iron and phosphorus — making them a small but powerful addition to the Saudi table. Efforts to protect quails are part of a broader initiative led by the Saudi National Center for Wildlife. Its Bird Management Division surveys bird species and their distribution across the Kingdom, focusing on protected and proposed conservation areas, biodiversity hotspots, and wetlands. By studying migration routes, species abundance, and spatial distribution, the division aims to ensure the long-term sustainability of Saudi Arabia's avian biodiversity.
Arab News
3 days ago
- General
- Arab News
Gazelle is desert's skittish, elusive icon and poets' enduring muse
RIYADH: The skittish gazelle, revered in Bedouin culture, is a defining symbol of wildlife in the Arabian Peninsula. The Arabian gazelle is known for its agility, alertness and extreme caution, according to a recent Saudi Press Agency report. Gazelles are swift, reaching speeds of up to 100 kph in short bursts. Beyond its physical traits, the gazelle has become a cultural symbol of beauty and elusive elegance in Arab tradition, the SPA added. Poets have long compared their beloveds to the gazelle, immortalizing its qualities in verses from the pre-Islamic era to the present. In popular heritage, the skittish gazelle represents 'the hunter's pursuit,' highlighting the skill required to track it in sandy terrain, the SPA report stated. As a part of Saudi Arabia's biodiversity preservation efforts, the National Center for Wildlife and the Royal Reserves Council have launched initiatives to reintroduce gazelles into their natural habitats, to address their population decline. These efforts fall within a broader national strategy to restore ecological balance and ensure the sustainability of wildlife, alongside awareness programs that promote the preservation of this vital natural heritage. Earlier this month, NEOM reintroduced more than 1,100 animals, representing six species, to its expansive nature reserve, marking a major step in its broader mission to revive the region's natural balance. As NEOM's regreening program progresses — with 4.7 million trees, shrubs and grasses planted so far — the 530 Arabian Sand Gazelles currently in the reserve are thriving on the returning natural vegetation, aided by the removal of heavy livestock grazing. NEOM is also home to 223 Arabian gazelles, which are typically darker in color and more elusive, preferring to reside in foothills and rugged mountain terrain.
Zawya
3 days ago
- Business
- Zawya
Oman: Dhofar eyes sustainable tourism boost with new investments and eco-projects
Salalah – In preparation for khareef 2025, Dhofar Municipal Council held its sixth meeting of the year on Tuesday, chaired by H H Sayyid Marwan bin Turki al Said, Governor of Dhofar. The session focused on a wide range of development, tourism, environmental and service initiatives aimed at improving infrastructure and the visitor experience during the monsoon season. Key topics of discussion included updates following recent field visits to Al Shurooq and Dhahreez, where ongoing urban planning projects were assessed. Officials from the Directorate General of Housing and Urban Planning presented progress of the 'Future City' concept, which aims to modernise local infrastructure and consolidate Dhofar's reputation as a sustainable tourism destination. In support of Oman's digital transformation goals, the council reviewed plans to instal smart digital signage across the governorate. These signs will provide visitors with real-time updates on attractions, facilities and services, improving navigation and visitor engagement during the peak tourism period. An environmental briefing outlined progress on the 'Green Belt' project, which aims to expand vegetation, limit desertification and enhance air quality. The project covers urban and industrial areas and is part of broader efforts to promote eco-tourism and environmental sustainability. The council also discussed expanding afforestation initiatives by using treated wastewater for irrigation and working with local nurseries to add greenery to public spaces, residential neighbourhoods and recreational areas. These steps are expected to enrich domestic tourism and improve living standards. Economic development was another priority with the council reviewing investment opportunities in Raysut Industrial City. Attracting private sector participation in industrial, commercial and service activities is seen as vital for diversifying Dhofar's economy and supporting year-round tourism. Infrastructure and public services were also addressed, including reports from Nama Water Services on water quality in schools in mountain and desert areas. © Apex Press and Publishing Provided by SyndiGate Media Inc. (
Telegraph
4 days ago
- Business
- Telegraph
Oman has introduced income tax. Dubai could be next
Oman has become the first Gulf Arab state to introduce income tax – sparking fears Dubai residents could face a similar levy in the next five years. In a royal decree, Sultan Haitham bin Tariq Al Said, prime minister of Oman, announced residents would pay 5pc income tax on earnings above OR42,000 (£80,282). The tax won't come into effect until 2028 and the rate is modest compared to Britain where workers pay up to 45pc in income tax. However, the move marks a seismic shift, as Oman looks to reduce its reliance on oil and gas revenue. Tax experts said the change could be a sliding doors moment and provide the political cover for other Gulf states to introduce their own income tax. David Denton, of wealth manager Quilter Cheviot, said: 'I think it's inevitable that other states will follow Oman. I'm sure none of them wanted to be first. While I don't think [the rate] will be significant to begin with, these things are all gradual. 'A decade ago corporation taxes were practically non-existent but most of those countries now have taxes on corporate profits. They all have goods and services taxes, the equivalent to VAT. 'Taxes on personal income are one of the last things that you bring in, but it is all as a result of natural resources being slightly unreliable and demand varying. They are therefore looking for alternatives in income resources.' Nimesh Shah, of accountancy firm Blick Rothenberg, said Oman would not be an outlier and it was 'the next natural step' for the United Arab Emirates — which comprises Dubai, Abu Dhabi and five other emirates — to introduce income tax. There are estimated to be around 240,000 British expats living in Dubai alone, which has grown increasingly popular in recent years as the level of taxation in the UK has reached the highest level in more than 70 years. There is no personal income tax on salaries, investments or rental income in the UAE. Residents who spend at least 183 days in a year there also pay no taxes on assets held outside of the country. It has been able to create a low-tax environment thanks to an abundance of oil and natural gas reserves found in the 1950s. The country possesses the equivalent of 6pc of the world's total oil reserves. However, government revenue is therefore heavily reliant on the natural resources and at the mercy of their volatility and demand. Mr Shah said: 'I have long said that places like the UAE will have to introduce income tax at some point. The next natural step will be income tax. As the natural resources in the region deplete over time, the state needs to find new ways to generate revenues. 'The income tax rate announced by Oman is comparatively low but there is only one way from here over time. For me it's a question of when rather than if, and I expect the UAE will confirm the introduction of income tax before the end of the decade.'
Times of Oman
4 days ago
- Times of Oman
Dhofar Municipal Council discusses development, service projects
Salalah: The Municipal Council of Dhofar Governorate discussed on Tuesday a number of developmental, service, housing, and environmental projects, as well as means to enhance them across the various wilayats of the governorate. The council also reviewed the readiness of relevant authorities for the Khareef Dhofar (monsoon season) 2025. During its sixth meeting this year, chaired by HH Sayyid Marwan bin Turki Al Said, Governor of Dhofar and Chairman of the Council, the council was briefed on the efforts of the Directorate General of Housing and Urban Planning in the governorate. This followed a field visit to the directorate to review the services provided and operational mechanisms, in addition to tours of several sites, including the Al Shorouq neighbourhood and Al Dahariz area, to assess future visions and plans for the "Future City" project. In line with efforts to achieve a qualitative leap in tourism and service guidance in Dhofar, the council discussed several proposals to digitise directional signs in the governorate. This initiative aims to improve the experience of visitors and tourists by providing information about tourist attractions, landmarks and service facilities. Dhofar Municipality presented a visual presentation on the "Green Belt" project, which aims to combat desertification, improve air quality and enhance vegetation cover in the wilayats of Dhofar. This strategic environmental initiative is being implemented gradually by the municipality, starting from urban and industrial areas, based on available resources.
