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The Sun
05-07-2025
- General
- The Sun
Scientific workshop for conservation area in Sabah
KOTA KINABALU : In a significant step towards sustainable conservation, the Forest Research Centre of the Sabah Forestry Department, in partnership with Sawit Kinabalu Group's Conservation and Biodiversity Unit, convened the second scientific expedition workshop for the Sungai Pin Conservation Area (SPnCA). Held at the Rainforest Discovery Centre in Sandakan, the gathering perused findings from the expedition to Sungai Pin in September last year. The workshop was also a pioneering public-private initiative to elevate conservation standards in oil palm-managed landscapes. Over 100 stakeholders, including community representatives, NGOs and government agencies, collaboratively addressed key environmental challenges. One of the objectives was to formulate a roadmap for Green List certification under the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) by 2028, a first for oil palm-associated conservation areas. The workshop also undertook a comparative analysis of the 2024 scientific findings against baseline data from 2019, revealing measurable ecological trends. It also integrated community perspectives from local stakeholders and conservation-linked NGOs, while developing a unified framework for biodiversity conservation and landscape management. The event was graced by Deputy Chief Conservator of Forests (Planning and Management) Indra Sunjoto, representing the department's Chief Conservator Datuk Frederick Kugan, alongside Sawit Kinabalu Group chief sustainability officer Nazlan Mohamad. The day's agenda included nine cutting-edge research presentations across three thematic sessions and interactive workshops generating actionable conservation strategies. Plenary discussions were also held, focusing on biodiversity monitoring protocols, threat reduction measures and multi-stakeholder collaboration models 'This workshop marks a transformative approach to conservation in agricultural landscapes,' said Indra Sunjoto. 'By aligning scientific rigour with community engagement, we're setting new benchmarks for sustainable land management.' The outcomes will support SPnCA's application for IUCN Green List status, making Malaysia's first oil palm company-led conservation area while meeting global standards for a protected area.
Borneo Post
01-07-2025
- General
- Borneo Post
Scientific expedition workshop to propel Sungai Pin Conservation Area towards IUCN Green List goal
Indra Sunjoto (fourth right) and Nazlan Mohamad (third right) with other officials on stage during the opening ceremony of the workshop. KOTA KINABALU (July 1): The Forest Research Centre (FRC), under the Sabah Forestry Department, successfully co-organized the 'Bengkel Ekspedisi Saintifik Sg. Pin Conservation Area (SPnCA) Siri 2' on June 30 at the Rainforest Discovery Centre in Sepilok, Sandakan. The initiative is a public-private collaboration with the Conservation and Biodiversity Unit of the Sawit Kinabalu Group. It stems from a stakeholder engagement proposal following the recent SPnCA expedition held in September 2024. The workshop aimed to present key findings from the 2024 scientific expedition and ecosystem services assessment, in comparison with the findings five years ago from the first expedition; reflect on social and community insights, including non-governmental organizations (NGOs) linked to the conservation area; forge a shared direction towards biodiversity conservation and sustainable landscape management; and to support SPnCA's journey toward IUCN Green List recognition by 2028, a pioneering goal for an oil palm-managed conservation site. More than 100 participants, including community stakeholders, NGOs and government agencies, joined together to contribute their perspectives and expertise. The Deputy Chief Conservator of Forests (Planning & Management), Indra Sunjoto, represented the Chief Conservator of Forests, Datuk Frederick Kugan, to officiate the event. The Sawit Kinabalu Group was represented by its Chief Sustainability Officer, Nazlan Mohamad. The programme began with a project overview and featured nine research presentations across three thematic sessions in the morning. This was followed by interactive breakout discussions and a final plenary session to consolidate recommendations for future management, focusing on biodiversity monitoring, threat mitigation, and stakeholder collaboration. The outcomes of the workshop will support Sawit Kinabalu's commitment to the IUCN Green List and further drive SPnCA's ambition to become the first conservation site in Malaysia led by an oil palm company to meet international protected area standards. The Sabah Forestry Department remains a dedicated partner, working alongside the Sawit Kinabalu Group to align science, policy, and public engagement in advancing sustainable forest management and conservation leadership in Sabah.
Borneo Post
19-06-2025
- Science
- Borneo Post
Exploring wonders of northern Meliau Range in Central Sabah
Bukit Masasau is one of the highest hills in the northern part of the Meliau Range, with an elevation of over 800 metres. Introduction THE ultramafic land in Sabah covers approximately 4.6% of the landmass, highlighting its limited yet significant geographical extent. Although low in nutrient and high in minerals, this area holds considerable biodiversity importance, serving as a critical habitat for hyperendemic plants found exclusively in this region. One of the ultramafic localities in the Beluran district is the Meliau Range, which was formerly a Class II production forest reserve, has been re-gazetted as a Class I protection forest reserve in 2015 due to its significant importance in biodiversity and the provision of ecosystem services. This 22,932 ha-protected area, administered by the Beluran District Forestry Office, is partly bordered by oil palm plantations to the north and the production forest of Ulu Tungud Forest Reserve to the south. Little is known about the northern part of the Meliau Range Forest Reserve (FR) in central Sabah, unlike the southern part, which was explored 20 years ago. Hence, an expedition to study the flora and fauna, as well as the communities living near the northern part of the Meliau Range was organised by the Forest Research Centre (FRC) of the Sabah Forestry Department (SFD), in April, 2025. The Chief Conservator of Forests, Datuk Frederick Kugan. As emphasized by the Chief Conservator of Forests, Datuk Frederick Kugan, such documentation of biodiversity and communities would provide essential baseline information for the department's sustainable forest management, under the Heart of Borneo Initiative. The expedition was led by Mr John Sugau and Mr Razy Japir from FRC Sepilok, with assistance from Mr Abdul Jamal Ibrahim, Beluran District Forestry Officer, and his assistant, Mr Moses Matuin. SFD researchers conducted various research disciplines during the expedition. Researchers from the Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM) and UiTM also participated on selective collaborative projects with SFD. Soils and topography The locality features rugged mountains and hills with steep slopes and sharp ridges, making landslides a common occurrence. The soils mainly originate from ultramafic rocks characterised by high magnesium and iron content but low silica content. These soils are typically thin and contain high concentrations of heavy metals, like nickel, chromium, and cobalt, which can be detrimental to many plant species. Essential nutrients, such as calcium, potassium, and phosphorus are often deficient in these soils. Despite these challenging conditions, certain plant species have adapted to thrive in ultramafic environments (known as serpentinophytes), leading to the development of unique plant communities with a high degree of endemism. Location of Meliau Range FR in central Sabah. Forest Ecosystems The Meliau Range FR comprises four main forest ecosystem types, namely Lowland Mixed Dipterocarp Forest, Lowland Ultramafic Forest, Upland Ultramafic Forest, and Lower Montane Ultramafic Forest. In the northern part of the reserve, the low-lying areas near the boundary have been significantly impacted by past logging activities. In contrast, the upland ultramafic forest shows minimal disturbance, with two distinct conditions observed between 400 and 700 metres above sea level: shallow, rocky soils support smaller tree structures, while areas with deeper soils support larger trees. Around 700 metres above sea level, a transition to lower montane forest is marked by the presence of mosses growing on dead logs and the base of trees. Overall, aside from the low-lying areas, the northern part of the Meliau Range retains an intact ultramafic ecosystem that is unique to Sabah and the island of Borneo. Bornean endemic Nepenthes veitchii found along the ridge top and peak of Bukit Masasau. The rare Chewlunia sabahensis (Rubiacae) is only found in Sabah. Bornean endemic Seraya kuning keladi, Richetia laxa. Plant Diversity A total of 168 herbarium specimens were collected during the expedition and are in the process of identification. Among these collections, there may be at least two potentially undescribed species from the Rubiaceae and Araceae families. A researcher from FRIM also discovered one interesting fern species, Sphaerostephanos sp. but yet to be identified. Other interesting botanical findings were the Sabah endemic pitcher plant (Nepenthes macrovulgaris), which is restricted to ultramafic areas and the Borneo endemic Phyllanthus balgooyi (Phyllanthaceae), is native to Palawan and Sabah. pitcher plant (Nepenthes veitchii), which is a robust plant with a unique tree climbing habit. The rare Chewlunia sabahensis (Rubiacae) is also found there. Interestingly, Seraya kuning keladi, Richetia laxa (Dipterocarpaceae), which is endemic to the northern parts of Borneo and a Vulnerable species, is very common around the area. In Sabah, this species is only known from the central part of Sabah in Beluran and Tongod districts. The team from UiTM recorded six nickel hyperaccumulator plant species. These include Phyllanthus balgooyi (Phyllanthaceae), which has the second highest concentration of Ni (with more than 16% with Ni) in any living material in the world, after Pycnandra acuminata (Sapotaceae) from New Caledonia, which contains 25% Ni in its latex. P. balgooyi thrives in semi-open areas on ridges within the Meliau Range. Group photo of the participants. Besides plants, a fungal survey was conducted, recording diverse species. These findings mark new fungal distribution records for Meliau Range FR, highlighting the area's previously undocumented fungal biodiversity. Notably, a species of Amauroderma was recorded, adding significant value to Meliau's biodiversity as no previous records existed for this genus in the area. Other interesting findings include the delicate Mycena, leathery Microporus, colourful Russula, elegant cup fungus Cookeina, and the blackened wood-decomposer Xylaria. Wildlife Diversity The expedition documented 18 mammal species from 11 distinct families. Among these, the Red-leaf Monkey and the Thick-spined Porcupine are exclusive to Borneo. Six recorded species are deemed threatened according to the IUCN Red List, including the Vulnerable Red-leaf Monkey, which is endemic to Borneo. Poaching presents a continuing threat, as signs of wildlife traps were found near the reserve's border. Furthermore, illegal littering, particularly plastic waste, has been observed within the reserve. The Great Argus pheasant, Argusianus argus (Male). During the bird survey, a total of 90 bird species were documented, including 1 Critically Endangered, 4 Vulnerable, and 16 Near Threatened species according to the IUCN Red List. Among the most significant records were two Vulnerable hornbills—the Rhinoceros (Buceros rhinoceros) and the Black Hornbill (Anthracoceros malayanus)—which rely on large, mature trees for nesting and foraging. Their presence indicates that elements of primary forest structure continue to exist in the landscape. Near Threatened-listed species, such as the Red-naped and Diard's Trogons, Great Argus, and Bornean Black Magpie further suggest that the forest maintains sufficient canopy continuity and vertical complexity to support birds associated with intact lowland forest. Particularly noteworthy was the detection of the Critically Endangered Malaysian Blue-banded Kingfisher (Alcedo peninsulae), a species closely linked to undisturbed, shaded streams. Its presence emphasises the hydrological integrity of the site and enhances the conservation significance of Meliau Range. Bornean endemic frog, Meristogenys jerboa. The species richness and diversity of freshwater fish and anurans were studied specifically along the tributaries of the Tungud River. The assessment documented a total of 33 freshwater fish and frog species, consisting of 15 fish and 18 anurans. Notably, the findings highlight the ecological significance of the area as a refuge for several Bornean endemic species. Among the fish recorded, nine species are endemic to Borneo, with Lobocheilos erinaceus and Gastromyzon borneensis currently listed as Near Threatened according to the IUCN Red List, emphasising the need for ongoing monitoring and habitat protection in the region. A total of 12 Bornean endemic species of anurans were recorded. Of particular conservation interest is Meristogenys jerboa, which is currently listed as Vulnerable by the IUCN. Its presence in Meliau Range calls for proactive measures to safeguard the area's ecological integrity. The diversity and presence of both endemic and threatened species suggest that the riparian ecosystems within the Tungud River remain relatively intact and healthy. Bornean endemic damselfly, Libellago phaeton. For the insect survey, one notable insect that has been recorded is the Bornean endemic damselfly, Libellago phaeton. This species belongs to the family Chlorocyphidae and is currently listed as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List. Other Bornean endemic insects are a moth from the family Erebidae, Micromorphe oculata and a flower chafer, Ixorida regia bicolor. The 'exploding ant', Colobopsis saundersii, was also recorded here. It is a unique ant that is willing to sacrifice itself when it is threatened. Its defence mechanism involves secreting a sticky, toxic fluid from the body. It is so called because it appears to explode when releasing the yellow secretion from its body. Socio-economic aspects The findings revealed that the stakeholders operating near the Meliau Range FR, including plantation companies, demonstrate a significant reliance on the natural water resources flowing from the forest reserve. Rivers originating from the Meliau Range serve as critical water sources not only for estate operations — such as daily use, agricultural activities, and domestic supply — but also for surrounding communities. These include various villages that depend on clean river water for their daily needs. Across the board, plantation representatives acknowledged the importance of these rivers in sustaining both livelihoods and ecosystem balance. Their awareness of the forest's ecological role extends beyond water, as they recognise the Meliau Range as a critical habitat for wildlife, a source of clean air, and a potential ecotourism asset. Despite some operational challenges, such as human-wildlife conflict and unclear boundaries, stakeholders collectively voiced support for preserving the forest reserve. Crystal clear water of Sg Labuk – originating from the Meliau Range, serve as critical water sources for the communities living within the area. Conclusion This scientific expedition is essential for gathering first-hand information for forest conservation. The reserve boasts exceptional biodiversity and is home to numerous endemic and threatened species. Datuk Kugan elaborated that the discoveries and findings will further bolster Sabah's reputation as a global biodiversity hotspot and highlight the importance of protecting the lesser-known life forms in Borneo's rainforests. The reclassification of Meliau Range Forest Reserve as a Class I forest reserve is a prudent decision by the Sabah Forestry Department to preserve and conserve these high-conservation-value forests.
The Star
07-05-2025
- Science
- The Star
Rainforest trip sprouts climate awareness
Empowering the next generation: Mary (fourth from left) and Chung (third from left) with organisers and participants at the launch of the Youth Camp on Climate Change 2025 in Sandakan. KOTA KINABALU: Climate change education took a meaningful turn for 40 youths as they stepped into the rainforest during a three-day experiential learning camp in Sandakan. The Youth Camp on Climate Change 2025 brings together participants aged 17 to 25 from five institutions: Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Politeknik Sandakan, Kolej Komuniti Sandakan, Kolej Vokasional Sandakan II and Kolej Komuniti Lahad Datu. Participants were randomly assigned into five groups and given tasks related to climate issues. These tasks will be presented at the end of the camp to encourage teamwork, critical thinking and leadership skills. About 70% of the activities are held outdoors, with support from members of the Sabah Environmental Education Network, including the Sabah Wildlife Department and the Bornean Sun Bear Conservation Centre, along with researchers from the Forest Research Centre in Sepilok. To deepen understanding of climate impacts, the youths also visited a landfill operated by the Sandakan Municipal Council, gaining insights into the relationship between waste management and environmental sustainability. The event was launched by deputy permanent secretary of the state youth and sports ministry Mary Paul Mijong Dagul, on behalf of Minister Datuk Ellron Angin, at the Rainforest Discovery Centre yesterday. It is organised by the Sabah Forestry Department and sponsored by the state Youth and Sports Ministry. Mary said the camp was a reminder that learning can happen beyond the classroom. 'Knowledge can also be shared in the field, amidst nature, and within communities struggling with the impacts of climate change. 'Camps like this give youths the chance to see, understand and take action,' she said. Also present was Forest Research Centre head Dr Arthur Chung, who represented chief conservator of forests Datuk Frederick Kugan. According to Chung, climate change is not just an issue for experts, adding that it is a matter that everyone should understand. The organisers said early education is vital to building future leaders who can respond to climate challenges and drive long-term solutions. By empowering participants to share what they have learnt with their peers and communities, the programme aims to expand its reach beyond the three-day camp.
The Star
30-04-2025
- Science
- The Star
High hopes among the branches
IN the heart of Borneo's rainforest, a quiet revolution in conservation is under way – one wooden box at a time. What began in June 2017 as a focused effort to save Sabah's dwindling hornbill population by installing artificial nests has since evolved into a broader initiative benefiting a range of forest-dwelling species. 'This project is like my baby,' said Pengiran Mohd Sahlan Salam, 32, head of the Wildlife Research Unit at the Forest Research Centre in Sepilok. Mohd Sahlan spearheaded the initiative under the Sabah Forestry Department soon after he joined the team that year. Inspired by conservation pioneer Dr Robert Ong, the project was initially aimed at addressing the habitat loss of hornbills, which rely on large, mature trees with natural cavities to breed. 'We needed to find a way to increase their chances of breeding. The idea was to replicate these natural cavities through artificial nests,' Mohd Sahlan explained. So far, 26 nest boxes have been installed specifically for flying squirrels, and 16 for hornbills, with encouraging results. All squirrel-designated nests are now occupied, while five hornbill boxes have been successfully used by Asian Black Hornbills, Bushy-crested Hornbills and Oriental Pied Hornbills. Mohd Sahlan ascending a 30m high Parashorea malaanonan tree at the centre in Sepilok, Sabah. 'A strong indicator of success is when a female hornbill seals herself inside a box to nest, remaining inside for months while the male feeds her. 'This tells us the boxes are working. 'We have even observed nesting cavity shapes and seen baby squirrels, confirming breeding cycles,' he said. Beyond hornbills, the project revealed that the nest boxes also attract other small forest birds and flying squirrels, some even taking over spaces intended for hornbills. This interspecies rivalry, while natural, highlights the delicate balance within forest ecosystems. 'Understanding each species' behaviour is crucial. 'Once flying squirrels dominate a nest, it is difficult for hornbills to use it. An artificial hornbill nest ready for installation. 'That is why we conduct year-round behavioural studies, camera trapping, and habitat assessments to fine-tune placement,' Mohd Sahlan noted. The Rainforest Discovery Centre (RDC) in Sepilok remains the project's core site, but expansion plans are in the pipeline. 'We are looking at Tawau, Lahad Datu and Kinabatangan next,' Mohd Sahlan revealed, though these are still in the planning stages. Each artificial nest costs about RM3,000 to build and install, a modest investment considering its impact on conservation and ecotourism. Visitors to RDC now get a rare glimpse into the lives of some of Sabah's most elusive species, turning the area into a research hub and a public education platform. Yet, it has not all been smooth sailing. Curious orang utan have been known to dismantle some of the boxes, while limited data on pre-project population sizes makes it difficult to draw firm statistical conclusions, for now. The Red Giant Flying Squirrel looking out from its box. 'We cannot declare full success just yet. More data is needed. But the signs are promising,' Mohd Sahlan cautioned. Beyond his role as a wildlife researcher, Mohd Sahlan is also a passionate environmental advocate. Growing up in a coastal village surrounded by Sabah's natural beauty, he was deeply affected by the deforestation and pollution he witnessed. He has since founded various environmental efforts, from tree-planting and beach clean-ups to educational workshops focused on waste management and marine conservation. One of his proudest contributions is working with indigenous communities to encourage eco-friendly practices that align with traditional knowledge and bring economic benefits. 'For me, conservation is not just about saving animals or trees. It is about ensuring a better future for our children. Every small action matters,' he said. A pair of Oriental Pied Hornbills enjoying their nest. His dedication has earned recognition from both local and international organisations, but Mohd Sahlan measures success in the impact he sees in communities and ecosystems. Whether it is a child learning to recycle or a hornbill nesting in a wooden box high in the canopy, every moment fuels his mission. He has even personally scaled trees up to 38m tall to install the nests. 'It is exciting... but also extremely tiring,' he laughed. Ultimately, his goal is simple yet profound, to become a driving force for wildlife conservation and to inspire others to care for nature. And so, from a modest wooden box, a much larger story takes flight, of hornbills, squirrels, and small birds, yes, but also of human hope, ingenuity, and the enduring power of one person to make a difference.
