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Miami Herald
09-07-2025
- Politics
- Miami Herald
High school students find common ground on the debate stage
This story about high school speech and debate was produced by The Hechinger Report, a nonprofit, independent news organization focused on inequality and innovation in education. Sign up for the Hechinger newsletter. DES MOINES, Iowa - Macon Smith stood in front of a nearly empty classroom 1,000 miles from home. He asked his opponent and the two judges in the room if they were ready to start, then he set a six-minute timer and took a deep breath. "When tyranny becomes law, rebellion becomes duty," he began. In front of Macon, a 17-year-old high school junior, was a daunting task: to outline and defend the argument that violent revolution is a just response to political oppression. In a few hours, Macon would stand in another classroom with new judges and a different opponent. He would break apart his entire argument and undo everything he had just said. "An eye for an eye makes the whole world blind," Macon started. It doesn't really matter what opinion Macon holds on violence or political oppression. In this moment in front of the judges, he believes what he's saying. His job is to get the judges to believe with him. Related: A lot goes on in classrooms from kindergarten to high school. Keep up with our free weekly newsletter on K-12 education. Macon was one of more than 7,000 middle and high school students to compete in the National Speech and Debate Tournament this summer in Iowa, run by an organization that is celebrating a century in that time, the National Speech and Debate Association has persevered through economic and social upheaval. It is entering its next era, one in which the very notion of engaging in informed and respectful debate seems impossible. The organizers of this event see the activity as even more important in a fracturing society. "I don't think there's an activity in the world that develops empathy and listening skills like speech and debate," said Scott Wunn, the organization's president. "We're continuing to create better citizens." Though the tournament is held in different cities around the country, for the 100th anniversary, the organizers chose to host it in Des Moines, where the association's headquarters is for this competition was a year in the making for Macon, who will be a senior at Bob Jones Academy, a Christian school in Greenville, South Carolina, this fall. Students here compete in more than two dozen categories, such as Original Oratory, in which they write and recite their own 10-minute speeches, or Big Questions, where they attempt to argue broad, philosophical ideas. Macon's specialty, the Lincoln-Douglas Debate, is modeled after a series of public, three-hour debates between Abraham Lincoln and Sen. Stephen Douglas in 1858. In this event, two students have just 40 minutes to set up their arguments, cross-examine each other and sway the judges. "Even if I don't personally believe it, I can still look at the facts and determine, OK, this is a good fact, or it's true, and argue for that side," Macon said. Debaters often have to tackle topics that are difficult, controversial and timely: Students in 1927 debated whether there was a need for a federal Department of Education. In 1987, they argued about mandatory AIDS testing. In 2004, they debated whether the United States was losing the war on terror. This year, in the Public Forum division, students debated whether the benefits of presidential executive orders outweigh the harms. Related: Teaching social studies in a polarized world While the speech and debate students practiced for their national event, adults running the country screamed over each other during a congressional hearing on state sanctuary policies. A senator was thrown to the floor and handcuffed during a press conference on sending the National Guard to immigration enforcement protests in Los Angeles. Most Americans feel political discourse is moving in the wrong direction - both conservatives and progressives say talking politics with someone they disagree with has become increasingly stressful and frustrating. Speech and debate club, though, is different. "First of all, it gives a kid a place to speak out and have a voice," said Gail Nicholas, who for 40 years has coached speech and debate at Bob Jones Academy alongside her husband, Chuck Nicholas, who is Macon's coach. "But then also learn to talk to other people civilly, and I think that's not what's being modeled out there in the real world right now." On the second day of the competition in a school cafeteria in West Des Moines, Macon was anxiously refreshing the webpage that would show the results of his rounds to learn whether he would advance to semifinals. For most of the school year, Macon spent two days a week practicing after school, researching and writing out his arguments. Like many competitors, he has found that it's easy to make snap judgments when you don't know much about an issue. Decisively defending that view, to yourself and to others, is much harder. "I tend to go in with an opinion and lose my opinion as the topic goes on," said Daphne DiFrancesco, a rising senior from Cary Academy in Cary, North Carolina. Traveling for regional events throughout the school year means Macon has become friends with students who don't always share his conservative views. He knows this because in debate, discussing politics and religion is almost unavoidable. "It doesn't make me uncomfortable at all," Macon said. "You don't want to burn down a bridge before you make it with other people. If you stop your connection with a person right at their political beliefs, you're already cutting off half of the country. That's not a good way to conduct yourself." Macon, and other students in the clubs, said participating has made them think more deeply about their own beliefs. Last year, Macon debated a bill that would defund Immigration and Customs Enforcement, an agency he supports. After listening to other students, he developed a more nuanced view of the organization. "When you look at the principle of enforcing illegal immigration, that can still be upheld, but the agency that does so itself is flawed," he said. Related: 'I can tell you don't agree with me':' Colleges teach kids how to hear differing opinions Henry Dieringer, a senior from L.C. Anderson High School in Austin, Texas, went into one competition thinking he would argue in favor of a bill that would provide work permits for immigrants, which he agrees with. Further research led him to oppose the idea of creating a federal database on immigrants."It made me think more about the way that public policy is so much more nuanced than what we believe," Henry said. On the afternoon of the second day of the national tournament, Macon learned he didn't advance to the next round. What's sad, he said, is he probably won't have to think this hard about the justness of violent revolution ever again. "There's always next year," Macon said. Callista Martin, 16, a rising senior from Bainbridge High School in Washington state, also didn't make the semifinals. Callista and Macon met online this year through speech and debate so they could scrimmage with someone they hadn't practiced with before. It gave them the chance to debate someone with differing political views and argument styles. "In the rounds, I'm an entirely different person. I'm pretty aggressive, my voice turns kind of mean," Callista said. "But outside of the rounds, I always make sure to say hi to them before and after and say things I liked about their case, ask them about their school." Talking to her peers outside of rounds is perhaps the most important part of being in the club, Callista said. This summer, she will travel to meet with some of her closest friends, people she met at debate camps and tournaments in Washington. Since Callista fell in love with speech and debate as a freshman, she has devoted herself to keeping it alive at her school. No teacher has volunteered to be a coach for the debate club, so the 16-year-old is coaching both her classmates and herself. A lack of coaches is a common problem. Just under 3,800 public and private high schools and middle schools were members of the National Speech and Debate Association at the end of this past school year, just a fraction of the tens of thousands of secondary schools in the country. The organization would like to double its membership in the next five would mean recruiting more teachers to lead clubs, but neither educators nor schools are lining up to take on the responsibility, said David Yastremski, an English teacher at Ridge High School in New Jersey who has coached teams for about 30 years. It's a major time commitment for teachers to dedicate their evenings and weekends to the events with little supplemental pay or recognition. Also, it may seem like a risk to some teachers at a time when states such as Virginia and Louisiana have banned teachers from talking about what some call "divisive concepts," to oversee a school activity where engaging with controversial topics is the point. "I primarily teach and coach in a space where kids can still have those conversations," Yastremski said. "I fear that in other parts of the country, that's not the case." Related: A school district singled out by Trump says it teaches 'whole truth history' Dennis Philbert, a coach from Central High School in Newark, New Jersey, who had two students become finalists in the tournament's Dramatic Interpretation category, said he fears for his profession because of the scrutiny educators are under. It takes the fun out of teaching, he said, but this club can reignite that passion. "All of my assistant coaches are former members of my team," Philbert said. "They love this activity [so much] that they came back to help younger students … to show that this is an activity that is needed." On the other side of Des Moines, Gagnado Diedhiou was competing in the Congressional Debate, a division of the tournament that mimics Congress and requires students to argue for or against bills modeled after current events. During one round, Gagnado spoke in favor of a bill to shift the country to use more nuclear energy, for a bill that would grant Puerto Rico statehood, and against legislation requiring hospitals to publicly post prices. Just like in Congress, boys outnumbered girls in this classroom. Gagnado was the only Black teenager and the only student wearing a hijab. The senior, who just graduated from Eastside High School in Greenville, South Carolina, is accustomed to being in rooms where nobody looks like her - it's part of the reason she joined Equality in Forensics, a national student-led debate organization that provides free resources to schools and students across the country. "It kind of makes you have to walk on eggshells a little bit. Especially because when you're the only person in that room who looks like you, it makes you a lot more obvious to the judges," said Gagnado, who won regional Student of the Year for speech and debate in her South Carolina district this year. "You stand out, and not always in a good way." Camille Fernandez, a rising junior at West Broward High School in Florida, said the competitions she has participated in have been dominated by male students. One opponent called her a vulgar and sexist slur after their round was over. Camille is a member of a student-led group - called Outreach Debate - trying to bridge inequities in the clubs. "A lot of people think that debate should stay the same way that it's always been, where it's kind of just - and this is my personal bias - a lot of white men winning," Camille said. "A lot of people think that should be changed, me included." Despite the challenges, Gagnado said her time in debate club has made her realize she could have an influence in the world. "With my three-minute speech, I can convince a whole chamber, I can convince a judge to vote for this bill. I can advocate and make a difference with some legislation," said Gagnado, who is bound for Yale. A day before the national tournament's concluding ceremony, a 22-year-old attendee rushed the stage at the Iowa Event Center in Des Moines during the final round of the Humorous Interpretation speech competition, scaring everyone in the audience. After he bent down to open his backpack, 3,000 people in the auditorium fled for the exits. The man was later charged with possession of a controlled substance and disorderly conduct. For a brief moment, it seemed like the angry discourse and extreme politics from outside of the competition had become a part of it. In response, the speech and debate organization shifted the time of some events, limited entrances into the building and brought in metal detectors, police officers and counselors. Some students, Gagnado among them, chose not to return to the event. Still, thousands of attendees stayed until the end to celebrate the national champions. During the awards ceremony, where therapy dogs roamed the grounds, Angad Singh, a student from Bellarmine College Preparatory in California competing in Original Oratory, took the national prize for his speech on his Sikh identity and the phrase "thoughts and prayers" commonly repeated by American leaders after a tragedy, titled "Living on a Prayer." "I've prayed for change," Singh told the audience. "Then I joined speech and debate to use my voice and fight for it." This story about high school speech and debate was produced by The Hechinger Report, a nonprofit, independent news organization focused on inequality and innovation in education. Sign up for the Hechinger newsletter. The post High school students find common ground on the debate stage appeared first on The Hechinger Report.
Miami Herald
08-07-2025
- Business
- Miami Herald
Apprenticeships for high schoolers are touted as the next big thing. One state leads the way
This story is part of Hechinger's ongoing coverage about rethinking high school. See our articles about a new diploma in Alabama and a "career education for all" model in Kentucky. ELKHART, Ind. - Ever since Ty Zartman was little, people told him he had to go to college to be successful. "It was engraved on my brain," he said. But despite earning straight A's, qualifying for the National Honor Society, being voted prom king and playing on the high school football and baseball teams, the teen never relished the idea of spending another four years in school. So in fall 2023 he signed up through his Elkhart, Indiana, high school for an apprenticeship at Hoosier Crane Service Company, eager to explore other paths. There, he was excited to meet coworkers who didn't have a four-year degree but earned good money and were happy in their careers. Through the youth apprenticeship, Ty started his day at the crane manufacturing and repair business at 6:30 a.m., working in customer service and taking safety and training courses while earning $13 an hour. Then, he spent the afternoon at his school, Jimtown High, in Advanced Placement English and U.S. government classes. In June, the 18-year-old started full-time at Hoosier Crane as a field technician. "College is important and I'm not dissing on that," Ty said. "But it's not necessarily something that you need." Elkhart County is at the forefront of a movement slowly spreading across Indiana and the nation to make apprenticeships a common offering in high school. In 2019, as part of a plan to boost the region's economic prospects, county leaders launched an effort to place high schoolers in apprenticeships that combine work-based training with classroom instruction. About 80 students from the county's seven school districts participated this academic year, in fields such as health care, law, manufacturing, education and engineering. In April, as part of a broader push to revamp high school education and add more work-based learning, the state set a goal of 50,000 high school apprentices by 2034. Tim Pletcher, the principal of Jimtown High, said students are often drawn first to the chance to spend less time in class. But his students quickly realize apprenticeships give them work-based learning credits and industry connections that help them after graduation. They also earn a paycheck. "It's really causing us to have a paradigm shift in how we look at getting kids ready for the next step," he said. Related: Become a lifelong learner. Subscribe to our free weekly newsletter featuring the most important stories in education. This "earn and learn" model is taking hold in part because of deepening disillusionment with four-year college, and the fact that well-paying jobs that don't require bachelor's degrees are going unfilled nationally. The past three presidential administrations invested in expanding apprenticeships, including those for high schoolers, and in April, President Donald Trump signed an executive order calling for 1 million new apprentices. In a recent poll, more than 80 percent of people said they supported expanding partnerships between schools and businesses to provide work-based learning experiences for students. Yet in the United States, the number of so-called youth apprenticeships for high schoolers is still "infinitesimally small," said Vinz Koller, a vice president at nonprofit group Jobs for the Future. One estimate suggests they number about 20,000 nationally, while there are some 17 million high school students. By contrast, in Switzerland - which has been praised widely for its apprenticeship model, including by U.S. Education Secretary Linda McMahon - 70 percent of high schoolers participate. Indiana is among several states, including Colorado, South Carolina and Washington, that have embraced the model and sent delegations to Switzerland to learn more. Experts including Ursula Renold, professor of education systems at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, note that importing the model to the United States at a large scale won't be simple. Most businesses aren't accustomed to employing apprentices, parents can be resistant to their students trading four-year college aspirations for work, and public transportation to take students to apprenticeships is limited, especially in rural areas. Many high schoolers don't have a driver's license, access to a car or money for gas. School districts already face a shortage of bus drivers that makes transporting students to apprenticeships difficult or impossible. Still, Renold, who is known as the "grande dame of apprenticeships," said Indiana's commitment to apprenticeships at the highest levels of state government, as well as the funding the state has invested in work-based learning, at least $67 million, seem to be setting the state up for success, though it could take a decade to see results. "If I had to make a bet," said Renold, "I would say it's Indiana who will lead the way.' Related: Apprenticeships are a trending alternative to college, but there's a hitch Elkhart County's experiment with apprenticeships has its roots in the Great Recession. Recreational vehicle manufacturing dominates the local economy, and demand for the vehicles plummeted, contributing to a regional unemployment rate at that time of nearly 20 percent. Soon after, community leaders began discussing how to better insulate themselves from future economic instability, eventually focusing on high school education as a way to diversify industries and keep up with automation, said Brian Wiebe, who in 2012 founded local nonprofit Horizon Education Alliance, or HEA, to help lead that work. That year, Wiebe and two dozen local and state political, business, nonprofit and education leaders visited Switzerland and Germany to learn more about the apprenticeship model. "We realized in the U.S., there was only a Plan A, a path to college," he recalled. "We were not supporting the rest of our young people because there was no Plan B." HEA partnered with Elkhart County school districts and businesses, as well as with CareerWise, a youth apprenticeship nonprofit that works nationally. They began rolling out apprenticeships in 2019, eventually settling on a goal of increasing participation by 20 percent each year. In 2021, Katie Jenner, the new secretary of education for Indiana, learned about Elkhart's apprenticeships as she was trying to revamp high school education in the state so it better prepared students for the workforce. Elkhart, as well as six other apprenticeship pilot sites funded by Indianapolis-based philanthropy the Richard M. Fairbanks Foundation, provided a proof of concept for the apprenticeship model, said Jenner. In December, the state adopted a new diploma system that includes an emphasis on experiential and work-based learning, through apprenticeships, internships and summer jobs. Related: Schools push career ed classes 'for all,' even kids heading to college On a weekday this winter, 17 sophomores at Elkhart's Concord High School were sitting at computers, creating resumes they planned to use to apply for apprenticeships. The students were among some 50 sophomores at the high school who'd expressed interest in apprenticing and met the school's attendance and minimum 2.5 GPA requirements, out of a class of roughly 400. They would receive coaching and participate in mock interviews before meeting with employers. Becca Roberts, a former English teacher who now oversees the high school's college and career programs, said apprenticeships help convince students of the importance of habits like punctuality, clear communication and regular attendance. "It's not from a book," she said. "They're dealing with real life." One student, Ava Cripe, said she hoped for an apprenticeship of some sort in the health care field. She'd only been a pet sitter and was nervous at the thought of having a professional job. "You're actually going out and working for someone else, like not for your parents or your grandma, so it's a little scary," she said. CareerWise Elkhart has recently beefed up its support for students and businesses participating in apprenticeships. It employs a business partnership manager and customer success managers who help smooth over issues that arise in the workplace - an apprentice who isn't taking initiative, for example, or an apprenticeship that isn't sufficiently challenging. "Before, if an issue came up, a business would just fire a student or a student would leave," said Sarah Koontz, director of CareerWise Elkhart County. "We're now more proactive." In Elkhart and across the state, the embrace of work-based learning has worried some parents who fear it will limit, not expand, their children's opportunities. In previous generations, career and technical programs (then known as vocational education) were often used to route low-income and Black and Hispanic students away from college and into relatively low-paying career paths. Anitra Zartman, Ty's mother, said she and her husband were initially worried when their son said he wanted to go straight to work. They both graduated from college, and her husband holds a master's degree. "We were like, 'Don't waste your talent. You're smart, go to college.'" But she says they came around after seeing how the work experience influenced him. "His maturity has definitely changed. I think it's because he has a responsibility that he takes very seriously," she said. "He doesn't want to let people down." Her eldest daughter, Senica Zartman, also apprenticed during her final two years of high school, as a teacher's assistant. She is now in college studying education. "The apprenticeship solidified her choice," Anitra Zartman said, and it helped her decide to work with elementary students. Anitra Zartman said she would encourage her two youngest children to participate in apprenticeships too. Sarah Metzler, CEO of the nonprofit HEA, said apprenticeships differ from the vocational education of the past that tended only to prepare students for relatively low paid, entry-level jobs. With apprenticeships, she said, students must continually learn new skills and earn new licenses and industry certifications as part of the program. Litzy Henriquez Monchez, 17, apprentices in human resources at a company of 50 people, earning $13.50 an hour. "I deal with payroll, I onboard new employees, I do a lot of translating. Anything that has to do with any of the employees, I deal with," she said. She's also earning an industry-recognized certification for her knowledge of a human resources management system, and says the company has offered to pay for her college tuition if she continues in the position. Koontz said most companies pay for their apprentices to attend Ivy Tech, a statewide community college system, if they continue to work there. One is even paying for their apprentice's four-year degree, she said. Related: 'Golden ticket to job security': Trade union partnerships hold promise for high school students Attracting employers has proven to be the biggest challenge to expanding youth apprenticeships - in Elkhart and beyond. In total, 20 companies worked with the Elkhart school districts last year, and 28 have signed on for this coming school year - only enough to employ about a third of interested students. The obstacles, employers say, include the expense of apprentices' salaries, training and other costs. Metzler and others, though, point to studies showing benefits for employers, including cost savings over time and improved employee loyalty. And in Indiana, the Fairbanks foundation and other organizations are working on ways to reduce employer costs, including by developing a standard curriculum for apprenticeships in industries like health care and banking so individual companies don't bear the costs alone. Business leaders who do sign on say they are happy with the experience. Todd Cook, the CEO of Hoosier Crane Service Company, employs 10 high schoolers, including Ty Zartman, as engineering and industrial maintenance technician apprentices, approximately 10 percent of his staff. He said the pipeline created by the apprenticeship program has helped reduce recruiting costs. "We're starting to build our own farm system of talent," he said. Students initially earn $13 an hour, and finish their apprenticeship earning $18. If they continue with the company, he said, they can earn up to $50 an hour after about five years. And if they go on to become trainers or mentors, Cook said, "Honestly, there is no ceiling." Related: A new kind of high school diploma trades chemistry for carpentry Transportation has been a limiting factor too. There's no public transit system, and students who can't rely on their parents for rides are often out of luck. "We'd love to offer a bus to every kid, to every location, but we don't have people to run those extra bus routes," said Principal Pletcher. The state has tried to help by investing $10 million to help students pay for costs such as transportation, equipment and certifications. Each school that provides work-based learning opportunities also receives an additional $500 per student. Trump's executive order called for the secretaries of education, labor and commerce to develop a plan by late August for adding 1 million new apprenticeships. The order does not set a date for reaching that milestone, and it applies to apprentices of all ages, not just high schoolers. Vinz Koller of Jobs for the Future said the goal is modest, and achievable; the number of youth apprenticeships has doubled just in the past few years, he said, and California alone has a goal of reaching 500,000 apprenticeships, across all ages, by 2029. Still, the order did not include additional funding for apprenticeships, and the Trump administration's proposed budget includes major cuts to workforce development training. In an email, a White House spokesperson said the administration had promoted apprenticeships through outreach programs but did not provide additional information including on whether that outreach had a focus on youth apprenticeships. Back in Elkhart, Ty Zartman, the Hoosier Crane apprentice, has begun his technician job with the company after graduating in early June. He is earning $19 an hour. He is also taking a class at the local community college on electrical work and recently received a certificate of completion from the Department of Labor for completing 2,000 hours of his apprenticeship. Anitra Zartman said she wishes he'd attended more school events like pep rallies, and sometimes worried he wasn't "being a kid." But Ty said his supervisor is "super flexible" and he was able to go to the winter formal and prom. "I think I still live a kid life," he said. "I do a lot of fun things." Of his job, he said, "I love it so much." Contact editor Caroline Preston at 212-870-8965, via Signal at CarolineP.83 or on email at preston@ This story about high school apprenticeships was produced by The Hechinger Report, a nonprofit, independent news organization focused on inequality and innovation in education. Sign up for the Hechinger newsletter. The post Apprenticeships for high schoolers are touted as the next big thing. One state leads the way appeared first on The Hechinger Report.
The Star
04-06-2025
- General
- The Star
California freshwater fish found to be teeming with parasites
NEW YORK, June 4 (Xinhua) -- More than 90 percent of popular freshwater fish in U.S. Southern California are carrying human-infecting parasites, posing a significant danger for those who like to eat freshly caught freshwater fish, according to a study published on Tuesday in the Journal of Infectious Diseases. The parasites are called trematodes. Two species of the flatworms were discovered in California's freshwater fish. The tiny, flattened and sluglike creatures can cause gastrointestinal problems, weight loss and lethargy when a person eats an infected fish. In some rare and severe cases, the parasites have caused strokes or heart attacks. "Americans don't usually think about parasites when they eat freshwater fish because it hasn't historically been an issue here," the Los Angeles Times quoted Ryan Hechinger, the study's senior author, as saying. In fact, even when a person has fallen ill from a locally caught infected freshwater fish, their healthcare provider will typically ask if the patient has recently traveled outside of the United States, Hechinger said.
Miami Herald
04-06-2025
- Health
- Miami Herald
California freshwater fish found to be teeming with parasites. How to keep from getting sick
LOS ANGELES - More than 90% of popular freshwater fish in Southern California are carrying human-infecting parasites, researchers say. This poses a significant danger for those who like to eat freshly caught freshwater fish. But there are ways to protect yourself. The parasites are called trematodes. Two species of the flatworms were discovered in California's freshwater fish, according to a study published Tuesday in the Journal of Infectious Diseases. The tiny, flattened and sluglike creatures can cause gastrointestinal problems, weight loss and lethargy when a person eats an infected fish. In some rare and severe cases, the parasites have caused strokes or heart attacks. "Americans don't usually think about parasites when they eat freshwater fish because it hasn't historically been an issue here," said Ryan Hechinger, the study's senior author. In fact, even when a person has fallen ill from a locally caught infected freshwater fish, their healthcare provider will typically ask if the patient has recently traveled outside of the United States, Hechinger said. California wasn't this parasite's first home Researchers identified two species of trematode: Haplorchis pumilio and Centrocestus formosanus. These two parasite species have historically infected people in Southeast Asia who eat raw fish, crustaceans or vegetables that carry the parasite larvae. A trematode has a very specific life cycle, leeching onto three hosts that include a freshwater snail, a fish and then a bird or human who ate the infected fish. The parasite was probably carried to the U.S. by the red-rimmed melania, or Malaysian trumpet snail, which is host to a number of parasitic species and was introduced to the United States, Hechinger estimates, decades ago. It inhabits "freshwater springs, streams, lakes and swamps," according to the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, but can occasionally be found in "brackish and marine habitats, especially mangroves" (think the Everglades). The snail first popped up in California in 1972 in a Riverside County ditch, according to the center. Hechinger, through previous and new research, found that the snail and its associated trematode parasites can be widely found in lakes and reservoirs across the state. He's identified the snails in Los Angeles, Imperial, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino and San Diego counties. Some fish harbor thousands of parasites In summer and fall 2023, researchers, with the help of the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, analyzed fresh fish that were collected at five fishing localities in San Diego County: Miramar, Murray, Lower Otay and San Vicente reservoirs as well as Chollas Lake. The fish included largemouth bass and bluegill. Hechinger and his team found that 93% of all the fish in the study were infected with the H. pumilio parasite, with some individual fish harboring thousands of the parasites. The second parasite, C. formosanus, was found at two of the five locations, where it occurred in 91% of the fish. The parasites are each found on different parts of the fish. H. pumilio is found at the base of the fins and C. formosanus is found on the gills. But the parasites can infect the muscles and connective tissue of the fish, Hechinger said, which is how a person eating it can get sick despite cutting off the head and fins. "The other thing we have to remember," he said, "is the possibility of contamination on the food preparation surfaces and utensils." How to protect yourself The risk is real, but the precautions you can take against illness are straightforward. Thorough cooking of any freshwater fish that could potentially be infected can prevent illness, according to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. If you choose to eat the fish raw, the agency advises you eat freshwater fish that has been previously frozen. Freezing will kill parasites that may be present. However, the FDA said freezing doesn't kill all harmful germs, so the safest route is to thoroughly cook your seafood. Some food prep is fishy As part of this study, researchers conducted a survey of 125 YouTube videos with a total of 5 million views and found that 65% of these videos did not mention proper cooking or freezing of caught fish. The lack of proper food preparation not only promotes the transmission of parasites but can also increase the odds of infection, Hechinger said. Copyright (C) 2025, Tribune Content Agency, LLC. Portions copyrighted by the respective providers.
Yahoo
04-06-2025
- Health
- Yahoo
California freshwater fish found to be teeming with parasites. How to keep from getting sick
More than 90% of popular freshwater fish in Southern California are carrying human-infecting parasites, researchers say. This poses a significant danger for those who like to eat freshly caught freshwater fish. But there are ways to protect yourself. The parasites are called trematodes. Two species of the flatworms were discovered in California's freshwater fish, according to a study published Tuesday in the Journal of Infectious Diseases. The tiny, flattened and sluglike creatures can cause gastrointestinal problems, weight loss and lethargy when a person eats an infected fish. In some rare and severe cases, the parasites have caused strokes or heart attacks. 'Americans don't usually think about parasites when they eat freshwater fish because it hasn't historically been an issue here,' said Ryan Hechinger, the study's senior author. In fact, even when a person has fallen ill from a locally caught infected freshwater fish, their healthcare provider will typically ask if the patient has recently traveled outside of the United States, Hechinger said. Researchers identified two species of trematode: Haplorchis pumilio and Centrocestus formosanus. These two parasite species have historically infected people in Southeast Asia who eat raw fish, crustaceans or vegetables that carry the parasite larvae. A trematode has a very specific life cycle, leeching onto three hosts that include a freshwater snail, a fish and then a bird or human who ate the infected fish. The parasite was probably carried to the U.S. by the red-rimmed melania, or Malaysian trumpet snail, which is host to a number of parasitic species and was introduced to the United States, Hechinger estimates, decades ago. It inhabits "freshwater springs, streams, lakes and swamps," according to the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, but can occasionally be found in "brackish and marine habitats, especially mangroves" (think the Everglades). The snail first popped up in California in 1972 in a Riverside County ditch, according to the center. Hechinger, through previous and new research, found that the snail and its associated trematode parasites can be widely found in lakes and reservoirs across the state. He's identified the snails in Los Angeles, Imperial, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino and San Diego counties. In summer and fall 2023, researchers, with the help of the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, analyzed fresh fish that were collected at five fishing localities in San Diego County: Miramar, Murray, Lower Otay and San Vicente reservoirs as well as Chollas Lake. The fish included largemouth bass and bluegill. Hechinger and his team found that 93% of all the fish in the study were infected with the H. pumilio parasite, with some individual fish harboring thousands of the parasites. The second parasite, C. formosanus, was found at two of the five locations, where it occurred in 91% of the fish. The parasites are each found on different parts of the fish. H. pumilio is found at the base of the fins and C. formosanus is found on the gills. But the parasites can infect the muscles and connective tissue of the fish, Hechinger said, which is how a person eating it can get sick despite cutting off the head and fins. "The other thing we have to remember," he said, "is the possibility of contamination on the food preparation surfaces and utensils." The risk is real, but the precautions you can take against illness are straightforward. Thorough cooking of any freshwater fish that could potentially be infected can prevent illness, according to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. If you choose to eat the fish raw, the agency advises you eat freshwater fish that has been previously frozen. Freezing will kill parasites that may be present. However, the FDA said freezing doesn't kill all harmful germs, so the safest route is to thoroughly cook your seafood. As part of this study, researchers conducted a survey of 125 YouTube videos with a total of 5 million views and found that 65% of these videos did not mention proper cooking or freezing of caught fish. The lack of proper food preparation not only promotes the transmission of parasites but can also increase the odds of infection, Hechinger said. Sign up for Essential California for news, features and recommendations from the L.A. Times and beyond in your inbox six days a week. This story originally appeared in Los Angeles Times.
