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Time of India
11-07-2025
- Politics
- Time of India
33 years after its foundation,SP to get 1st office in Jhansi
1 2 Lucknow: After a palatial party office in Azamgarh to be used as headquarters for the Purvanchal region, Samajwadi Party is now ready to set-up a permanent party office in Jhansi to serve as the party's nerve centre for Bundelkhand region. The party purchased a 3.67 acres plot of land for the purpose on May 25 this year. Akhilesh Yadav 's renewed focus on Bundelkhand is being seen as a strategic move ahead of the 2027 assembly polls. Till 2012 assembly polls, SP remained among the top two contenders in the Bundelkhand belt (in UP) comprising 19 seats spread across Banda, Chitrakoot, Jhansi, Jalaun, Hamirpur, Mahoba and Lalitpur. SP won five seats and stood second to BSP in another 5 seats. However, 2017 state polls remained a clean sweep for BJP and, in 2022, SP won three seats. Of the remaining 16, two went to Apna Dal (Sonelal) and the rest to BJP. Political analysts say that the 2024 Lok Sabha polls — where SP led INDIA bloc won three of four seats in the region – has again prompted the party strategists to focus on Bundelkhand. According to political experts, Bundelkhand has the right combination to suit SP's PDA push. by Taboola by Taboola Sponsored Links Sponsored Links Promoted Links Promoted Links You May Like 안구건조 걱정 없이 안전하게! 강남아이원스안과 지금 신청하기 Undo "The demography is Bundelkhand suits the PDA nicely with a population of 24% upper castes and 25% Dalits, including scheduled tribes. Of the 35% OBC population, Kurmis comprise the largest chunk of over 7%, followed by Lodh, Kushwahas, Prajapati and Yadavs. SP seems to be banking on 16% Muslim population as well," said an analyst. In the political circles, SP's new party office in Jhansi is being seen as an attempt to assure the electorate that the party wants to focus on the region afresh. Situated along NH 44 (Srinagar to Kanyakumari), the party office is coming up on Jhansi-Gwalior Road, a few kilometres from Datiya airport. The levelling work of the plot is underway and party functionaries have formally applied for sanction of the map. Foundation of the party office will be laid once the map is approved. Senior SP functionaries say Akhilesh Yadav personally monitored the entire process of choosing the plot of land, its registry and the finer details of the plan layout for the office. On ground, Akhilesh had chosen a young functionary, Rahul Yadav of Babina in Jhansi, as his pointsman to execute the job. Rahul was Akhilesh's pick for Babina assembly seat for the 2017 assembly polls but his candidature was opposed by Shivpal Yadav who backed former SP MP from Jhansi Chandra Pal Yadav's son for the seat. "The construction work of the party office will begin soon. As per the plan layout, the building will have two floors. The ground floor will comprise a conference hall, cabins for office bearers and a meeting hall. The first floor will have a guest house. The party office will have a large auditorium as well," Rahul Yadav told TOI over phone. Unlike Azamgarh, setting up a party office in Jhansi had its own speed bumps for the leadership. To start with, a section of senior functionaries in Bundelkhand were not keen on having an office in the region. So much so that when SP founder Mulayam Singh Yadav was at the helm, two serious attempts were made to purchase premises in Jhansi but the deals could not be finalised. SP does not have a permanent address in Jhansi till date since the party's inception in 1992 and has been operating from rented accommodations and hotels during elections — something that Akhilesh Yadav has not been happy with since he took the reins of the party. At a meeting of party functionaries in Jhansi in Sept last, Akhilesh had expressed his displeasure over resistance from some senior functionaries of the region over the party's plans of a permanent office in the region. SP functionaries in Bundelkhand were weary of seeing a permanent party office come up in Jhansi because of the fear that the crowd of foot-soldiers, who till now gathered on the premises of these leaders, would shift to the party office. Allegations are that some functionaries walked the extra mile to derail party brass's efforts to find a permanent address for SP in Jhansi.
The Hindu
09-07-2025
- Politics
- The Hindu
Battle for Dalit Votes Intensifies in Bihar's Fractured Arena
Published : Jul 09, 2025 07:32 IST - 11 MINS READ Since the 2024 general election, Congress leader Rahul Gandhi has visited Bihar six times, consistently participating in events aimed at mobilising Dalit support for the party. And in a calculated effort to deepen this outreach, the Congress also appointed Rajesh Ram, a Dalit leader, as its State president in March this year. The Congress is not alone in courting Dalit voters. The BJP recently accused leaders of the Mahagathbandhan of disrespecting B.R. Ambedkar as it attempts to portray itself as the true guardian of Dalit pride. The Janata Dal (United), or JD(U), has organised 'Bhim Sansad' events to engage with Dalit constituencies directly, while the Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD) is exploring an alliance with Pashupati Kumar Paras, a prominent Dalit leader who recently parted ways with the National Democratic Alliance (NDA). Clearly, every major party in Bihar is making a concerted effort to win over Dalit voters. The reasons are evident: Dalits make up 19.65 per cent of Bihar's population, according to a caste survey conducted in the State in 2023. Of the State's 243 Assembly constituencies, 38 are reserved for Scheduled Castes (SCs), and Dalit voters also exert significant influence in many general constituencies. Also Read | Bihar's Special Intensive Revision puts 2.93 crore voters at risk of exclusion In a State where identity plays an important role in electoral outcomes, the rising political consciousness and assertiveness of Dalits have made them a crucial electoral force. While their preferences are not uniform, they often align around shared socio-economic conditions, making them a strategic target for all political parties ahead of the upcoming Assembly election. Bihar's political landscape Electoral politics in Bihar is largely defined by two major coalitions: the NDA and the Mahagathbandhan-INDIA combine. The NDA comprises the BJP; the JD(U); the Hindustani Awam Morcha (Secular), or HAM(S); the Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas), or LJP(RV); and the Rashtriya Lok Morcha (RLM). The MGB coalition, on the other hand, includes the RJD, the Congress, the Left parties, and Vikassheel Insaan Party (VIP). Both alliances are anchored in distinct caste-based support structures. The NDA draws strength primarily from the Hindu privileged castes, Kurmis, Kushwahas, and a broad section of the Extremely Backward Classes (EBCs). The Mahagathbandhan relies heavily on the Yadav-Muslim vote base. Within the NDA, the JD(U) represents non-Yadav OBCs, especially Kurmis and Kushwahas, along with EBCs, while the BJP primarily appeals to the Hindu privileged castes. The LJP(RV) has been continuously focussed on Paswan/Dusadh votes, which constitutes the largest share of the Dalit vote, while the HAM(S) focusses on Mahadalits, especially Musahars, a segment that is economically extremely poor and marginalised but numerically significant. On the other hand, within the Mahagathbandhan-INDIA coalition, the RJD commands strong support among Yadavs and Muslims, while the Left parties get support from lower economic classes, especially weaker sections among EBCs and SCs. The VIP claims to represent the Nishad community, numerically significantly among EBCs but divided into many sub-castes. The Congress, which had a strong electoral support among Dalits three decades ago, is now making a renewed push to expand its influence within this group. In the last Assembly election, both the NDA and the Mahagathbandhan-INDIA bloc secured nearly equal vote shares. However, the Congress emerged as the weakest link in the opposition alliance. In response, the party has turned its focus to Dalit communities, hoping to rebuild its political relevance in a State that once gave the party one of its tallest Dalit leaders: Babu Jagjivan Ram. Dalit mobilisation in Bihar Both Bihar and neighbouring Uttar Pradesh have a significant Dalit electorate, accounting for around one-fifth of their populations. Yet, the trajectory of Dalit mobilisation has differed sharply between the two States. Raushan Sharma, in his PhD thesis titled 'Understanding Ambedkar and Lohia: A Comparative Study of the Politics of Caste in Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh', observes that Dalit political and social mobilisation in Uttar Pradesh was significantly shaped by the efforts of the Backward and Minority Communities Employees Federation and the Dalit Shoshit Samaj Sangharsh Samiti, both founded under the leadership of Kanshi Ram, who later established the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP). These organisations played a transformative role in advancing the social, economic, and political empowerment of SCs in the State. A key indicator of this progress, Sharma notes, is that Mayawati, a Dalit leader from the BSP, rose to become the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh four times—a remarkable milestone in the country's politics. This wave of Dalit mobilisation in Uttar Pradesh, Sharma argues, drew inspiration from an earlier movement in Maharashtra led by Namdeo Laxman Dhasal, who founded the Dalit Panthers, a radical sociopolitical group inspired by the Black Panther movement in the US. The Dalit Panthers were instrumental in bringing the concerns of the marginalised into mainstream discourse, laying the foundation for broader Dalit assertion across States. Bihar, in contrast, did not witness such an organised or sustained Dalit movement. Although reserved constituencies and reservations in government jobs provided Dalits with formal representation, this did not translate into widespread social or political assertiveness. Also Read | Nitish Kumar: One last hurrah or end of the road? Before the rise of Lalu Prasad Yadav, Dalits were a core support base of the Congress. This loyalty eroded in the 1990s as the emergence of backward-caste politics—led by Janata Party and Janata Dal factions—shifted Dalit allegiances. During this time, Lalu Yadav's RJD gained substantial support from Dalit voters. In parallel, Ram Vilas Paswan, a product of the Janata Dal era, rose to become a nationally prominent Dalit leader. However, over time, his party's influence narrowed, becoming largely confined to Paswan voters. Mahadalit Commission A significant turning point in Dalit politics came during the Nitish Kumar-led NDA government. In 2007, Nitish established the Mahadalit Commission, marking a new phase of Dalit engagement. The commission aimed to identify and uplift the most marginalised subgroups within the Dalit community, particularly those who had not fully benefited from affirmative action. Initially, the Mahadalit category excluded castes such as Mochi, Dhobi, Pasi, and Paswan, who were perceived as relatively better off. However, over time, all non-Paswan Dalits were included in the Mahadalit list. The policy also introduced targeted welfare schemes to empower these groups economically and socially, creating a new layer of identity politics among the Dalits of Bihar. The Lok Sabha election of 2024 saw another shift in Dalit electoral support, with the RJD-led alliance increasing its vote share across the spectrum, recording significant gains among the SCs, as per CSDS Lokniti data. Babu Jagjivan Ram Jagjivan Ram, popularly known as Babuji, was a Dalit icon who held various ministerial portfolios during a long political career. He was instrumental in founding the All India Depressed Classes League, dedicated to achieving equality for Dalits, in 1935. He was also a member of the Constituent Assembly of India. Bihar's electoral landscape has been shaped by over three decades of coalition politics, resulting in a consistent fragmentation of vote share across parties. The last instance of any single party crossing the 30 per cent vote share mark in an Assembly election was in 1985, when the Congress secured 39.3 per cent of the vote. From 2000 to 2020, the fragmentation deepened. In this period, across successive Assembly elections, only twice did any major party cross the 25 per cent vote share threshold, and on both occasions it was the RJD, first in February 2005 and then in 2020. The four principal parties, namely the RJD, the BJP, the JD(U), and the Congress, individually garnered less than 20 per cent of the vote each in most elections. Dalit vote across seats In this highly competitive and fragmented political context, the Dalit vote becomes especially pivotal. To explore Dalit electoral behaviour, we conducted a two-tiered analysis: first, comparison of party-wise vote share in constituencies reserved for SCs. Second, we analysed party-wise support within different layers of the Dalit electorate in the constituencies, varying from below 10 per cent to above 30 per cent. The data revealed a striking pattern: in 1990, over 50 per cent of the votes in reserved constituencies were shared between the Janata Dal and the Congress. However, the dominance of the two parties gradually declined, albeit for different reasons. The Congress experienced a steady fall in Dalit support until 2005. Its vote share remained largely unchanged in 2010, but it rebounded modestly in 2015 and 2020, primarily because it joined opposition alliances. The Janata Dal, meanwhile, was weakened by internal splits. Its legacy vote base was redistributed among the JD(U), the RJD, and the LJP. Over the past decade, the RJD has shown a steady resurgence, particularly among Dalits, while the LJP has faced a continuous decline and has largely been restricted to its core Paswan support base. These shifts are closely linked to the dynamics of alliance politics in Bihar. Strategic alignments have influenced party performance, not only among dominant castes but also within Dalit constituencies. For example, Left parties saw a significant decline up to 2010 but have since experienced renewed support, partly through alliances and increased grassroots mobilisation. Another notable development is the trajectory of the BSP. Between 1990 and 2005, the BSP steadily gained ground, bolstered by Dalit identity politics and the leadership of Kanshi Ram and Mayawati. However, its rise eventually stalled, reflecting the party's limited organisational penetration and appeal in Bihar. The BJP, in contrast, has built a significant support base among the Mochi community, a Dalit sub-caste comparable to the Jatavs in Uttar Pradesh and forming approximately 4 per cent of Bihar's population. This has contributed to the BJP's electoral presence in reserved seats. Going with non-dominant players A particularly important trend in recent elections is that nearly 20 per cent of the votes in reserved constituencies have gone to non-dominant parties, especially in the 2015 and 2020 elections. This suggests a growing disillusionment with major political parties among Dalit voters and points to their willingness to consider alternatives outside the traditional power blocs. We also conducted a separate analysis to examine the support base of the current NDA and Mahagathbandhan constituents across different types of Assembly constituencies, based on the concentration of Dalit voters. Given that the Dalit population is unevenly distributed across the State, we categorised the constituencies into four distinct groups: 1. With less than 10 per cent Dalit electorate 2. With 10-20 per cent Dalit electorate 3. With 20-30 per cent Dalit electorate 4. With more than 30 per cent Dalit electorate This classification allowed us to explore whether variations in the proportion of Dalit voters across constituencies influenced the vote share of the two major coalitions. Charts 3 and 4 provide a comparative analysis of voter support for the NDA and the Mahagathbandhan across the four categories of constituencies based on the proportion of Dalit voters. This segmentation enables us to assess how varying levels of Dalit concentration within constituencies have influenced the electoral performance of the two major alliances in Bihar. Decline in support for NDA The data revealed a notable decline in the NDA's vote share in the 2020 Assembly election across all four categories of constituencies, each defined by different concentrations of Dalit electorates. The drop in support was more than 5 percentage points in each category compared with 2015, indicating a broad-based erosion of Dalit support for the NDA. The steepest decline occurred in constituencies where Dalits account for 20-30 per cent of the electorate, suggesting that this segment has become increasingly disillusioned with the alliance. In contrast, the Mahagathbandhan showed significant gains across all four categories in the 2020 Assembly election relative to 2015. This upward trend suggests that the alliance was more successful in consolidating Dalit support, especially in constituencies with moderate to high Dalit population shares. Together, these trends underscore how Dalit demographic concentration plays a critical role in shaping electoral outcomes in Bihar. The 2020 results indicate a clear shift in Dalit voter preference away from the NDA towards the Mahagathbandhan, particularly in constituencies where Dalit voters form a decisive segment of the electorate. Also Read | Bihar 2025: No cakewalk for BJP, RJD or Nitish Kumar However, the 2025 election remains open-ended. It will likely hinge on how parties engage with Dalit communities, the credibility of alliances, and whether Dalit voters see tangible benefits and recognition from their political choices. Despite internal divisions and fragmented loyalties, nearly every political party in Bihar is actively competing for Dalit support. In a State where caste survey politics holds significant sway, a political paradox is unfolding. On the one hand, electoral bipolarity continues to deepen. On the other, new caste-based parties and leaders are emerging, only to align themselves with existing coalitions rather than form an independent third front. This trend has made it increasingly difficult for major alliances to fully accommodate the diverse aspirations of various caste groups, particularly Dalits. Yet, uniting Dalits as a cohesive political bloc is not an impossible task. The example of Uttar Pradesh in the run-up to the 2024 general election is instructive. Despite widespread assumptions that Dalit voters would remain out of reach for parties such as the Samajwadi Party (SP) and the Congress, strategic candidate selection, inclusive ticket distribution, and a compelling political narrative enabled the SP to make significant gains among Dalit voters. For Bihar's political parties, a similar outcome is possible but only through inclusive leadership, authentic engagement with Dalit communities at the grassroots, and a commitment to addressing their specific social and political concerns. In a landscape shaped by identity and competition, the ability to build trust and offer genuine representation will be key to consolidating Dalit support in the elections ahead. Ashish Ranjan is an election researcher and co-founder of the Data Action Lab for Emerging Societies. Atul Kumar Pandey is an election researcher.
