Latest news with #Lutetium
Time of India
6 days ago
- Business
- Time of India
Rare earth elements: China's grip on critical metals and why the world depends on them
India's ambitions in electronics, (EVs), and clean energy may face critical challenges due to its limited domestic production of rare earth elements (REEs), despite holding sizable reserves. Tired of too many ads? go ad free now China continues to dominate the global REE supply chain, controlling over 90 per cent of the world's processing and magnet-making capacity, reported ET. Rare earths, 17 elements with unique magnetic, luminescent, and electrochemical properties, are essential for a wide range of high-tech and green energy products. From permanent magnets in EV motors and wind turbines to phosphors in LED lights and data storage in MRI machines, these materials are foundational to next-generation technologies. Here's how individual elements are used: Neodymium (Nd): Permanent magnets in motors, headphones, microphones, hard drives, speakers Praseodymium (Pr): Magnets (with Nd), aircraft engines, fibre optic cables Dysprosium (Dy): Improves heat resistance in magnets, used in EV motors, hard drives, earbuds Terbium (Tb): Phosphors for green colour in displays and lighting Samarium (Sm): High-strength magnets for headphones, microwave devices, small motors Europium (Eu): Red phosphors for displays and LED lights Yttrium (Y): Phosphors for LED and CRT displays, laser devices Gadolinium (Gd): Used in data storage and MRI machines Lanthanum (La): Rechargeable batteries, lenses in cameras/smartphones, glass additives Cerium (Ce): Polishing compounds for glass, catalysts, and phosphors Erbium (Er): Optical amplifiers in fibre optic communication Other REEs, Scandium, Holmium, Thulium, Lutetium, Ytterbium, Promethium, are vital in specialised lasers, sensors, electronic devices, and medical imaging systems. According to ET, China alone accounts for nearly 70 per cent of global rare earth mining, with countries like the US (12 per cent), Myanmar (10 per cent), and Australia (8 per cent) following distantly. India, though possessing around 6–7 million metric tonnes of reserves, about 6–7 per cent of the global total, contributes less than 1 per cent to the world's annual output. This creates a major vulnerability for Indian manufacturers. Any disruption or restriction in supply from China could severely impact production lines, especially in EVs, smartphones, and defence systems. As per ET, this gives Beijing immense leverage. While the US has tried building its own capacity in light rare earths like neodymium and cerium, China remains the primary source for most critical elements, including dysprosium, terbium, and yttrium.
Time of India
6 days ago
- Business
- Time of India
China controls world's rare earth supply chains: What are rare earth elements and why world can't function without them? Explained
India's ambitions in electronics, (EVs), and clean energy may face critical challenges due to its limited domestic production of rare earth elements (REEs), despite holding sizable reserves. Tired of too many ads? go ad free now China continues to dominate the global REE supply chain, controlling over 90 per cent of the world's processing and magnet-making capacity, reported ET. Rare earths, 17 elements with unique magnetic, luminescent, and electrochemical properties, are essential for a wide range of high-tech and green energy products. From permanent magnets in EV motors and wind turbines to phosphors in LED lights and data storage in MRI machines, these materials are foundational to next-generation technologies. Here's how individual elements are used: Neodymium (Nd): Permanent magnets in motors, headphones, microphones, hard drives, speakers Praseodymium (Pr): Magnets (with Nd), aircraft engines, fibre optic cables Dysprosium (Dy): Improves heat resistance in magnets, used in EV motors, hard drives, earbuds Terbium (Tb): Phosphors for green colour in displays and lighting Samarium (Sm): High-strength magnets for headphones, microwave devices, small motors Europium (Eu): Red phosphors for displays and LED lights Yttrium (Y): Phosphors for LED and CRT displays, laser devices Gadolinium (Gd): Used in data storage and MRI machines Lanthanum (La): Rechargeable batteries, lenses in cameras/smartphones, glass additives Cerium (Ce): Polishing compounds for glass, catalysts, and phosphors Erbium (Er): Optical amplifiers in fibre optic communication Other REEs, Scandium, Holmium, Thulium, Lutetium, Ytterbium, Promethium, are vital in specialised lasers, sensors, electronic devices, and medical imaging systems. According to ET, China alone accounts for nearly 70 per cent of global rare earth mining, with countries like the US (12 per cent), Myanmar (10 per cent), and Australia (8 per cent) following distantly. India, though possessing around 6–7 million metric tonnes of reserves, about 6–7 per cent of the global total, contributes less than 1 per cent to the world's annual output. This creates a major vulnerability for Indian manufacturers. Any disruption or restriction in supply from China could severely impact production lines, especially in EVs, smartphones, and defence systems. As per ET, this gives Beijing immense leverage. While the US has tried building its own capacity in light rare earths like neodymium and cerium, China remains the primary source for most critical elements, including dysprosium, terbium, and yttrium.
India.com
08-07-2025
- Business
- India.com
After China blocks supply of rare earth magnets to India, Modi govt now in talk with THIS country to get supply, not Russia, US, Taiwan, name is....
After China blocks supply of rare earth magnets to India, Modi govt now in talk with THIS country to get supply, not Russia, US, Taiwan, name is.... India is currently in discussions with Australia to get access to rare earth minerals, according to an Australian trade official. This is happening at a time when there's a global shortage of rare earth magnets, mainly due to China's export limits. Malini Dutt, who is the Trade and Investment Commissioner for New South Wales, Australia, said that both countries are talking about the possibility of India taking over some early-stage rare earth mining blocks in Australia. She added that this could lead to partnerships with Australian companies working in the sector. Besides rare earths, Indian companies both private and government-owned are also showing strong interest in copper mines in Australia. Dutt shared these updates while speaking at the India Energy Storage Week (IESW) 2025, hosted by the India Energy Storage Alliance (IESA). 'There's a lot of interest in copper too,' she was quoted as saying by news agency PTI. 'I've spoken to both private companies and a public sector unit (PSU) that are actively looking for copper blocks. India already has smelting capacity, and companies like Adani have invested heavily in this space.' She explained that Australia has a good supply of copper, and with Indian industries looking to expand, it makes sense for them to explore opportunities there. China's rare earth export curbs hit auto, appliance industries China's decision to limit exports of rare earth elements and magnets is starting to impact several industries in India, especially the automobile and home appliance (white goods) sectors. China currently holds more than 90 per cent of the world's processing capacity for these high-tech magnets, which are vital in products ranging from cars and refrigerators to wind turbines and smartphones. Some of the key rare earth materials affected by the restrictions include: Samarium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Lutetium These elements are critical for making things like: Electric vehicle motors Braking systems Mobile phones Even advanced defense equipment like missiles With China tightening its grip on exports, many countries, including India, are now looking for alternative sources such as Australia to secure these essential materials and reduce dependence on one supplier. (With PTI inputs)
Yahoo
01-05-2025
- Business
- Yahoo
Blue Earth Therapeutics initiates Phase 2 Clinical Trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of Lutetium (177Lu) rhPSMA-10.1 Injection in metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer
(177Lu) rhPSMA-10.1 injection, engineered to improve delivery of radiation to cancer lesions, recently showed promising data in a phase 1 trial1 The goal of the phase 2 study is to further assess this improved profile, together with testing of optimised dosing regimens First patients have received doses of (177Lu) rhPSMA-10.1 injection 1st study results could be available as soon as H1 2026 OXFORD, United Kingdom, May 1, 2025 /PRNewswire/ -- Blue Earth Therapeutics today announced further progress in development of its radiohybrid, lutetium-labelled, PSMA targeted, investigational radioligand therapy, with enrolment of the first two patients in a Phase 2 clinical trial. The primary measure of efficacy in the study will be the proportion of patients achieving a ≥50% reduction in PSA levels, as well as assessing radiographic progression-free survival and patient safety (NCT05413850). The study is testing multiple dosing regimens that focus on delivering higher radiation doses when tumor burden is usually highest, at the beginning of treatment. This approach contrasts to pivotal studies of earlier radioligand therapies where the same dose was administered in every cycle2 regardless of tumor burden. The study design aligns with the US FDA Project Optimus initiative where the goal is that drug developers optimize dosing early in a product's development to deliver the best possible benefit risk profile. Loading doses will be delivered by either a) giving a higher dose in the first two treatment cycles, or b) shortening the time between administration of the first three doses to three weeks from the usual six weeks. The study is also designed to test the clinical benefit of administration of high total doses of administered radioactivity, up to 60GBq. The Phase 1 data confirmed a high ratio of uptake in tumor tissues vs. uptake in healthy tissues such as kidneys and salivary glands1. David Gauden DPhil, CEO of Blue Earth Therapeutics said, "This is an important step forward in the development of Lutetium (177Lu) rhPSMA-10.1 injection and builds on the strong data seen in the Phase 1 clinical trial. Commencement of treatment of patients at full intended therapeutic dosing levels provides a great opportunity to assess the benefit this therapy can bring to patients. With up to 20 sites enrolling patients, we expect to see first results from the study early next year. We are grateful to the physicians and patients of Biogenix Molecular in Florida, who have just recruited the first patients for the study." About metastatic prostate cancerIn 2025 it is estimated that there will be 50,055 new cases of metastatic prostate cancer in the United States (de novo diagnoses plus recurrence from earlier stage diagnoses).3 Five-year survival for newly diagnosed metastatic prostate cancer is low, 36.6%.4 While death rates from prostate cancer have declined over the past three decades4, there is still considerable room to improve patient outcomes. About Radiohybrid Prostate–Specific Membrane Antigen (rhPSMA)rhPSMA compounds are referred to as radiohybrid ("rh"), as each molecule possesses four distinct domains. The first consists of a Prostate–Specific Membrane Antigen–targeted receptor ligand. It is attached to two labelling moieties which may be radiolabelled with diagnostic isotopes such as 18F or 68Ga for PET imaging, or with therapeutic isotopes such as 177Lu or 225Ac for radioligand therapy, all of which are joined together by a modifiable linker which can be used to modulate important pharmacokinetic characteristics. Radiohybrid PSMA offers the potential for targeted treatment for men with prostate cancer and originated at the Technical University of Munich, Germany. Blue Earth Diagnostics acquired exclusive worldwide rights to rhPSMA diagnostic imaging technology from Scintomics GmbH in 2018, and therapeutic rights in 2020, and has sublicensed the therapeutic application to its sister company Blue Earth Therapeutics. About Blue Earth TherapeuticsBlue Earth Therapeutics is a clinical stage company dedicated to advancing next-generation targeted radiotherapeutics to treat patients who have cancer and has been incubated within the Bracco family of companies. Other investors joined with Bracco in a $76.5M Series A financing round in 2024. With proven management expertise across the spectrum of radiopharmaceutical and oncology drug development, as well as biotechnology start–up experience, the Company aims to innovate and improve upon current technologies and rapidly advance new targeted therapies for serious diseases. Blue Earth Therapeutics has an emerging pipeline initially focused on prostate cancer. For more information, please visit: About Bracco ImagingBracco Imaging S.p.A., part of the Bracco Group, is a world–leading diagnostic imaging provider. Headquartered in Milan, Italy, Bracco Imaging develops, manufactures and markets diagnostic imaging agents and solutions. It offers a product and solution portfolio for all key diagnostic imaging modalities: X–ray imaging (including Computed Tomography–CT, Interventional Radiology, and Cardiac Catheterization), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS), and Nuclear Medicine through radioactive tracers and novel PET imaging agents to inform clinical management and guide care for cancer patients in areas of unmet medical need. Our continually evolving portfolio is completed by a range of medical devices, advanced administration systems and dose–management software. In 2019 Bracco Imaging enriched its product portfolio by expanding the range of oncology nuclear imaging solutions in the urology segment and other specialties with the acquisition of Blue Earth Diagnostics. In 2021, Bracco Imaging established Blue Earth Therapeutics as a separate, cutting–edge biotechnology vehicle to develop radiopharmaceutical therapies. Visit: NCT04647526, NCT05204927, NCT04720157, NCT04689828 Gallichio L et al, JNCI J Natl Cancer Inst (2022) 114(11): djac158 SEER 22 database, Contact: For Blue Earth TherapeuticsRobert Dann, Vice President, Strategy & Planning+1 (617) UKBET-rh-2500009 View original content to download multimedia: SOURCE Blue Earth Therapeutics Ltd Sign in to access your portfolio
Yahoo
08-04-2025
- Business
- Yahoo
China's rare earth export restrictions threaten global chipmaking supply chains
When you buy through links on our articles, Future and its syndication partners may earn a commission. China has introduced new export restrictions on materials containing key materials for RF and storage applications — scandium and dysprosium — which may hurt key players in these industries, including Broadcom, GF, Qualcomm, TSMC, Samsung, Seagate, and Western Digital. China's new restrictions follow two prior rounds of rare earth export rules that are slowly tightening the supply of these critical minerals, especially those used in several chipmaking applications. Scandium is widely used for RF front-end modules found in smartphones, Wi-Fi modules, and base stations, whereas dysprosium is used for HDD heads and electric vehicles. This is not the first time China's Ministry of Economy has restricted exports of rare-earth materials. The restriction on rare earth materials export has been made in response to the 54% tariffs imposed on goods produced in China by the Trump administration, complemented by a 34% import duty on all products made in the U.S. Effective immediately, exporters of products containing Scandium, Dysprosium, Gadolinium, Terbium, Lutetium, Samarium, and Yttrium must apply for an export license from the China Ministry of Economy. The application requires customers to detail the final use of the material. The new rules cover various products containing the previously listed rare earth metals, including raw ore, metal, compounds, and finished goods. While not an outright ban, this is the third round of China's export restrictions that raises supply concerns among manufacturers worldwide and deepens tensions between the U.S. and China. These export restrictions reflect a calculated escalation strategy that targets the entire supply chain of high-tech manufacturing, from foundational wafer-level materials to fabrication-critical metals, in addition to rare earth materials used in other use-cases. But is the third round of export restrictions from China more impactful on the industry than the first two? As the image above illustrates, two of the key materials restricted in this round are Scandium and Dysprosium, both of which hold significant importance for the telecom and storage industries, which are difficult to overstate. Scandium is primarily used in RF applications through its role in Scandium Aluminum Nitride (ScAlN). This material is used for high-performance wave filters like BAW (Bulk Acoustic Wave) and SAW (Surface Acoustic Wave). By introducing (doping) Scandium to Aluminum Nitride at levels of around 10% to 40%, ScAlN achieves higher piezoelectric response and electromechanical coupling (compared to AlN alone), which is critical for improving signal strength, bandwidth, and power efficiency in high-frequency telecom applications. These filters are essential components in the front-end modules of 5G smartphones and base stations and Wi-Fi 6 and Wi-Fi 7 modules. While scandium is ubiquitous, one 200-mm or 300-mm wafer with chips featuring ScAlN only needs a few grams of Scandium. Dysprosium is an even more widely used material as it is used for storage, electric vehicles, and even radiation-hardened applications. In HDDs, dysprosium is added to permanent neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) magnets used in voice coil motors, which control the read/write head as it improves the magnet's coercivity under high temperatures. NdFeB magnets are also used for motors in electric vehicles, so dysprosium is used for the same purpose. In MRAM (Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory), Dysprosium is used in the free or pinned magnetic layers of GMR (Giant Magnetoresistance) or TMR (Tunneling Magnetoresistance) stacks to maintain stability of magnetic orientation. In addition, radiation-shielding components, such as those used in nuclear reactors, spacecraft, and satellites, also use Dysprosium. Other materials in the list, namely Gadolinium, Terbium, Yttrium, Lutetium, and Aamarium, are also widely used and cannot be substituted without tradeoffs and at enhanced costs (including those associated with changes of production flows), characteristics, and risks. But there is good news, too. While rare earth metals are called 'rare' and China supplies the lion's share of the world's rare earth materials, these elements are actually not rare. In fact, these metals are pretty widespread well beyond China. They are hard to get; as in many cases, rare earth metals are obtained by mining other materials and subsequent separation of rare earths. The key reason why China is the dominant supplier of these materials and products on their base is because Chinese companies have managed to build an efficient ecosystem to mine, extract, and refine rare earth elements. Some say China subsidizes its rare earth industry to control the supply of critical materials by making it unprofitable to produce them in other parts of the world. However, once China began to 'weaponize' its rare earth prowess, companies in other countries rejoiced, as their potential to supply rare earth materials in volume just became a real business opportunity. Few companies would try to save on strategically important items, such as rare earth materials, so companies would likely be willing to switch suppliers following the restrictions. As noted above, this isn't the first round of China's restrictions of rare earth supplies. Moreover, this is not the most 'impressive' one, either. China's rare earth export curbs escalate from foundational materials (Antimony, Gallium, and Germanium) to fabrication-critical metals, then to rare earths used in RF, storage, and precision components. In the initial round, China restricted Antimony, Gallium, and Germanium. Germanium is crucial for producing wafers featuring strained silicon and the most high-performance chips made by Intel, TSMC, and Samsung. These companies have used strained silicon for a couple of decades. Meanwhile, a 300-mm wafer uses around a gram of Germanium. Antimony is used as a dopant to make n-type regions in transistors, so again, requirements per wafer are limited. As for Gallium, it is a key element to power semiconductors, RF electronics, infrared sensing, and compound semiconductors (such as ScAlN/AlGaN/GaN). However, when it comes to usage in applications like radars and telecommunications, Gallium and Germanium are inseparable. Without any doubt, these materials support industries ranging from telecommunications to defense and data centers. That makes the restrictions highly disruptive at the early stage of the semiconductor value and manufacturing chain. The second round expanded pressure to include Tungsten, Indium, Molybdenum, Bismuth, and Tellurium, materials tied directly to semiconductor fabrication. Tungsten and Molybdenum are used in transistor contacts, gates, and interconnects in advanced nodes where extreme thermal and electrical reliability are necessary. Indium is crucial for 5G mmWave front-end modules, satellite communications, and photonic chips. Restricting these materials strikes at the core of modern semiconductor production, though we have yet to see any actual disruption of chip supply due to China's export curbs. With its export restrictions, China leverages its dominance not only in resource extraction, but also in processing and material science. Thus, creating widespread uncertainty across the global semiconductor ecosystem, which now spans from smartphones, to PCs, self-driving vehicles, and sophisticated defense systems. On one hand, this means that China's approach to export curbs indicates a deliberate, phased control strategy, targeting the entire vertical stack of semiconductor and high-tech production, including niche but irreplaceable elements. On the other hand, it means that the impact of China's curbs could decrease over time as the industry adapts its supply chains to the new reality. Will there be further rounds? Without a doubt. We can only wonder what materials they will target, but keep in mind that China does not want to ruin the whole semiconductor or high-tech supply chain and instead wants to thrive on it. Stay tuned, as it's unlikely that this will be the last time we'll hear from the country about rare earth export restrictions.
