Latest news with #NationalHumanTraffickingHotline
USA Today
02-07-2025
- USA Today
Diddy verdict outrage is justified. But the law is doing what it's supposed to.
The guilty verdicts are not symbolic. But justice is not just about naming abuse. Trafficking and intimate partner violence are not interchangeable – and pretending they are helps no one. This column discusses sex trafficking. If you or someone you know is in danger or in an unsafe situation, the National Human Trafficking Hotline can help. Advocates are available 24/7 by calling 1-888-373-7888 or texting 233733. Sean 'Diddy' Combs has been found guilty in federal court of violating the Mann Act and federal prostitution statutes but he was acquitted of sex trafficking under the Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA), the federal government's primary anti-trafficking law, as well as RICO racketeering charges for the purpose of sex trafficking. The split verdict has stirred public confusion and outrage. After hearing detailed accounts of coerced sex, drug-fueled 'freak-off' parties, surveillance, beatings and emotional manipulation, many believed the case was a clear example of human trafficking. To them, the not-guilty verdict on trafficking charges felt like a miscarriage of justice. But while the jury held Combs accountable for significant crimes, it stopped short of classifying his conduct as trafficking. We don't know whether the jurors saw the behavior as trafficking but didn't find enough evidence – or whether they concluded it didn't meet the legal definition at all. What is clear is this: calling Combs' behavior trafficking under the TVPA would require expanding that law beyond its current meaning. And that expansion could carry real consequences – especially for the very victims trafficking laws were designed to protect. What is the Mann Act? The "White Slave Traffic Act," also known as the Mann Act, passed in 1910, makes it a federal crime to knowingly transport someone across state lines for the purpose of engaging in illegal sexual activity – including prostitution. In the past, it was misused to police sexual morality, but today it's applied more narrowly to cases involving interstate travel and sexual exploitation. In Combs' case, the jury found that he used his power and resources to transport women for illicit sexual purposes. But the Mann Act does not require proof of coercion, long-term control or systemic exploitation. It focuses on movement and intent – not the broader patterns of slavery-like domination or exploitation. By contrast, the Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA), passed in 2000, was designed to combat what Congress called 'modern-day slavery.' It targets organized systems of commercial exploitation through force, fraud or coercion, and it typically involves traffickers who control nearly every aspect of a victim's life: housing, transportation, identification, finances and the ability to leave. That's not what the Combs case showed. The women involved reported trauma and coercion, but they retained housing, communication, financial resources and career opportunities. They were not legally or physically confined. There was no evidence of document confiscation, restriction of movement or the kind of isolation commonly seen in trafficking cases prosecuted under the TVPA. And that's not a loophole – it's the law doing what it's supposed to do by drawing difficult but necessary lines between different forms of harm. Opinion: Cassie's Diddy trial testimony shows sexual assault survivors how to take power back As one of the nation's preeminent human trafficking expert witnesses, I am familiar with those lines. I have testified in landmark trafficking cases from California to New York. My book, "Hidden in Plain Sight: America's Slaves of the New Millennium," is used to train law enforcement on trafficking identification nationwide. The TVPA was written to protect people whose entire lives are controlled by others – often in silence, often invisible. Expanding the law beyond that mission threatens to weaken its core. Abuse described in Diddy trail was real and criminal. But calling it trafficking doesn't help survivors. None of this minimizes what happened. The abuse described in the Combs case was real, harmful and criminal. But redefining it as trafficking – simply because other laws didn't offer a viable path to justice – doesn't help survivors. It undermines the integrity of the trafficking framework and could actually make it harder for victims of true trafficking to get the support and legal recognition they need. It's understandable why prosecutors turned to the TVPA. Trafficking cases come with longer statutes of limitations, more severe penalties and more public support. And existing domestic violence statutes are often outdated or ill-equipped to address coercive control, especially when the abuser is wealthy, powerful and legally savvy. But the solution isn't to force high-profile abuse cases into trafficking law. It's to fix the laws that fail to meet the moment. Opinion: Diddy trial and Macron shove reveal our blind spots about domestic violence One of the most telling omissions in this trial was the absence of a human trafficking expert witness – something virtually standard in most trafficking prosecutions. In typical cases, such experts are brought in to explain the dynamics of power and coercion, as well as recruitment and control schemes typically used by traffickers, particularly when overt force is not visible. Experts will often testify whether a case is consistent with or atypical of trafficking patterns. Here, both the prosecution and defense opted not to call such witnesses – likely because Combs' conduct defied those standard frameworks. Instead, prosecutors called Dawn Hughes, a psychological expert on interpersonal violence who previously testified on behalf of Amber Heard in the Johnny Depp defamation case that stemmed from allegations of domestic abuse. As someone who routinely provides human trafficking expert testimony, I can say this case presented unique evidentiary challenges and there is a clear distinction between interpersonal violence and human trafficking. Diddy's alleged trafficking enterprise did not resemble the classic 'modern slavery' narrative, and a human trafficking expert might have inadvertently highlighted just how unusual this case was for a trafficking prosecution. In fact, doing so could have risked undermining the government's core argument by exposing how far this case deviates from trafficking's conventional legal contours. We need stronger domestic violence laws There's a critical – and often overlooked – fact in this case: Prosecutors may have used the TVPA because the statute of limitations had already expired on more direct charges, such as sexual assault or battery. That's not a reflection of the survivors' credibility – it's a failure of the legal system to account for how trauma actually works. Many victims of intimate partner violence, especially when facing fear, manipulation, or public scrutiny, wait years to come forward. That's not weakness – it's human. But the law hasn't caught up. When time runs out on prosecuting real crimes, prosecutors sometimes look for workarounds. The TVPA offers one. But it wasn't designed to handle domestic abuse or intimate partner exploitation. If we care about justice in cases like this, we shouldn't stretch trafficking law to fit the facts – we should reform the laws that didn't offer justice in the first place. That means extending statutes of limitations for sexual assault and abuse, modernizing domestic violence laws and creating better tools for prosecuting coercive control, even when it doesn't involve physical captivity. Legal scholars and victim advocates have long warned that when we dilute the meaning of 'trafficking,' we hurt the very people trafficking laws were built to protect. If courts begin to see every form of abuse as trafficking, they may become more skeptical. Juries may get confused. Judges may raise the bar for what qualifies. And real survivors – runaway teens, undocumented workers, women trafficked across borders – may find themselves disbelieved or deprioritized. Meanwhile, limited resources – prosecutors, shelters, outreach workers – get pulled into celebrity trials and away from the vulnerable, invisible populations who need them most. We survived sex trafficking. Don't protect men who exploit women like us. | Opinion Survivors still deserve justice The women who came forward against Combs showed immense courage. Their pain is real. Their voices mattered. The guilty verdicts under the Mann Act and prostitution statutes is not symbolic – they are legal affirmations that crimes were committed. But justice is not just about naming abuse. It's about naming it accurately. Trafficking and intimate partner violence are not interchangeable – and pretending they are helps no one. If we're angry that the law didn't do more to hold Combs accountable, that anger is justified. But the answer is not to misapply trafficking law. The answer is to make sure abuse laws are strong enough – long enough, clear enough and modern enough – to capture the harm as it actually happened. Justice requires accountability. But it also requires precision. When we blur the legal lines, we confuse the public, mislead future juries and risk weakening the very laws survivors depend on. Let's not call everything trafficking just because it's the only viable legal tool left. Let's fix the toolbox. Because justice requires truth. And truth requires legal clarity. Kimberly Mehlman-Orozco holds a Ph.D. in criminology, law and society and serves as a human trafficking expert witness in criminal and civil court. Her first book "Hidden in Plain Sight: America's Slaves of the New Millennium" is used to train law enforcement on human trafficking investigations.
Yahoo
05-06-2025
- Yahoo
Local law enforcement: Incidents underreported, so scope not fully quantified
JOHNSTOWN, Pa. – The National Human Trafficking Hotline identified 12 likely victims of human trafficking in Cambria County from 2015-22. There were three in Somerset County. A few legal cases have taken place. In 2017, Barshay Dunbar, of Johnstown, was convicted on charges stemming from operating a sex ring using out of the Super 8 hotel in Richland Township, in which he paid the women with drugs. The case developed when a hotel general manager notified police of suspicious activities. Barshay Reqwan Dunbar Barshay Reqwan Dunbar William Warren was arrested in 2022 and later pleaded guilty to trafficking and other charges. Law enforcement began an investigation after responding to an overdose at his residence, next to the Stonycreek Township Police Department, in which the woman later died. Then, a few weeks ago, a Johnstown man was charged with multiple felonies after allegedly providing a teenage runaway with drugs and using her for sexual favors in exchange for a place to stay. Those were all occurrences or allegations of sexual human trafficking. Cambria County District Attorney Greg Neugebauer said he has not seen cases of labor human trafficking because, 'We don't really have a lot of migrant workers that come through here.' Without elaborating, Neugebauer said, 'Frankly, we're actively investigating several cases right now.' Those might not seem like a statistically significant number of incidents. But law enforcement officers, legislators, counselors and advocates agree that human trafficking crimes are extremely underreported. 'With human trafficking, 1,000%, those numbers lack reporting, especially in our area,' said Victim Services' Jessica Piro, the Cambria County Human Trafficking Response Team's co-coordinator. Johnstown Police Department | Chief Mark Britton Johnstown Police Department Chief Mark Britton shown here outside the Public Safety Building on Washington Street in downtown Johnstown on Wednesday, June 4, 2025. Johnstown Police Department Chief Mark Britton compared the lack of reporting to the silence that often accompanies other crimes of violence and exploitation. 'It's just like somebody who has been raped,' Britton said. 'You know they've been raped. You know they've been abused. But they don't want to come forward because of the embarrassment, or because they have become so used to the abuse that they encounter – not so much maybe physical abuse, but the mental abuse and the emotional abuse – they don't want to come forward because they're so aligned with that type of behavior that they don't know any other behavior. They don't know how they're going to survive.' 'Definitely happening' About a decade ago, Kelly Callihan attended a Pennsylvania District Attorneys Association conference in Philadelphia during which there was a presentation about human trafficking. 'I just remember thinking, 'Human trafficking, I'm going to half-pay attention. That doesn't apply here,' ' said Callihan, who was Cambria County's district attorney at the time. 'Then once we heard the presentation, I was like, 'Wow, this is definitely happening then in our area.' ' Callihan's experience inspired her to help form the Cambria County Human Trafficking Response Team in 2016, in collaboration with other individuals and organizations, including Victim Services Inc. Kelly Callihan Kelly Callihan The trafficking response group is connected to the Cambria County Sexual Assault Response Team. Members come from victim services groups, law enforcement agencies and health care providers. The organization works to raise awareness about the issue, develop practices for law enforcement, train people such as medical professionals and hotel workers on how to recognize the signs of human trafficking, and assist survivors. Even with the team carrying out its mission, it is still a challenge to define the scope of how much human trafficking occurs locally. 'It's one of those things that I don't think, necessarily, the amount of cases that are being filed is indicative of what the actual problem is,' said Callihan, who is now the Pennsylvania District Attorneys Association's executive director. 'Kind of like a hub' The Pennsylvania Turnpike, Interstate 99, U.S. Route 219, U.S. Route 22, other highways and rails carrying Amtrak trains pass through the local region – providing ways for human traffickers to move among major metropolitan areas, such as New York, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Cleveland, Washington, D.C., Baltimore and Buffalo. 'What we're primarily seeing is that it's kind of like a hub,' Piro said. 'We are in the middle of several key cities, and we're also on what is like a trafficking beltway from D.C. to Ohio.' Greg Neugebauer | Announces Candidacy For Judge Cambria County District Attorney Greg Neugebauer answers questions from the media after announcing his candidacy for Judge of the Court of Common Pleas during a press conference at the Young Peoples Community Center in Ebensburg on Thursday, January 16, 2025. Neugebauer recalled one case from a few years ago 'that will always stick out in my mind' involving a person being trafficked through the region. 'Essentially, the victim met this individual at a bar in another state,' Neugebauer said. 'They started hanging out, and before she knew it, she was being basically driven across the country and being severely physically abused. 'They stopped at a local store to get gas and some snacks and the perpetrator basically left her alone for a minute. And she essentially ran out of the car. A store employee saw her, saw that she had what appeared to be fresh physical injuries. That kicked off an investigation that led to us looking at things in other states and all kinds of stuff.' Neugebauer said he does not believe the people had any local connections other than they were passing through the area. The victim later died from underlying health issues, according to Neugebauer.
Yahoo
05-06-2025
- Yahoo
Law enforcement, advocates say human trafficking is underreported in Cambria and Somerset Counties
JOHNSTOWN, Pa. (WTAJ) — Local officials say recent human trafficking cases in Cambria and Somerset counties are only a glimpse of a much larger, hidden crisis, one that often goes unreported and unnoticed. According to our media partners at the Tribune-Democrat, between 2015 and 2022, the National Human Trafficking Hotline identified 12 likely victims in Cambria County and three in Somerset County. While those numbers may appear small, law enforcement and experts caution that the actual scope is far greater. 'Frankly, we're actively investigating several cases right now,' Greg Neugebauer, Cambria County District Attorney, said. While most local cases involve sexual exploitation, he noted that labor trafficking has not been common in the area due to the lack of migrant worker populations. Notable cases in recent years include Barshay Dunbar's 2017 conviction for operating a sex ring out of a Super 8 hotel in Richland Township using Dunbar reportedly paid women in drugs. That case began when a hotel manager tipped off police. WTAJ story here: Human trafficking suspect sentenced to prison In 2022, William Warren was arrested and later pleaded guilty after law enforcement responded to a fatal overdose at his home in Stonycreek Township. Investigators determined the incident involved trafficking and drug activity. WTAJ story here: Johnstown man accused of sex trafficking next to police station Most recently, a Johnstown man was charged with multiple felonies for allegedly providing drugs to a teenage runaway and using her for sex in exchange for housing. WTAJ story here: Johnstown man accused of sex trafficking minor, threatening to kill her Johnstown Police Chief Mark Britton said the lack of reporting is not surprising, likening it to other violent and exploitative crimes where victims often remain silent out of fear or shame. Community leaders, counselors and law enforcement agree: trafficking is happening and more than most realize. Copyright 2025 Nexstar Media, Inc. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.
USA Today
12-05-2025
- USA Today
I work with sex trafficking victims. Here's how Diddy's trial could help them.
I work with sex trafficking victims. Here's how Diddy's trial could help them. | Opinion As the public watches Diddy's trial unfold, another audience will be, too: Current victims of human trafficking who don't yet recognize their own exploitation. Show Caption Hide Caption Diddy news: Prosecutors add new charges to criminal case in indictment Embattled music mogul Sean "Diddy" Combs was hit with two additional sex crimes charges ahead of his May trial in New York City. This column discusses sex trafficking. If you or someone you know is in danger or in an unsafe situation, the National Human Trafficking Hotline can help. Advocates are available 24/7 by calling 1-888-373-7888 or texting 233733. With Sean 'Diddy' Combs' trial for sex trafficking charges now underway, the public will be exposed to a rare, high-profile human trafficking case. But beyond the spectacle, there's an invisible audience paying close attention: current victims of human trafficking who don't yet recognize their own exploitation. At Restore NYC, an anti-trafficking organization serving thousands of survivors across the United States, cases like Combs' often raise the same question from our community: If they weren't locked in a basement or chained to a bed, why didn't they just leave? The answer to that question often varies across cases. Sometimes victims don't report their trafficker due to a fear of deportation. Others are tethered to their trafficker by housing instability, abusive relationships or lack of income. But a surprising number of victims stay in these situations because they simply don't know they're being trafficked. How can this happen? Movies, TV romanticize sex trafficking – and get it wrong Movies and TV shows tend to present two extremes for sex trafficking: an unsuspecting (usually white) woman kidnapped by a violent trafficker and rescued by Liam Neeson, or a romanticized, glamourous depiction of a (usually white) woman's life in the commercial sex trade that in many cases would also meet the legal definition for sex trafficking. Both narratives create an unrealistic expectation of what trafficking 'should' look like. When victims don't see their own experiences reflected in these narratives, it becomes more difficult to reach out for support. Opinion: 'Sound of Freedom' misleads audiences about the horrible reality of human trafficking These portrayals flatten the complex realities of trafficking victims into the helpless damsel or the empowered seductress. In doing so, they erase the experience of millions of victims, especially women of color, who don't fit neatly into these buckets. The sensationalizing of trafficking in media through high-drama abduction scenarios also distracts from the slow-burn exploitation. It often looks like economic coercion, emotional manipulation or grooming. It happens in broad daylight, in cities like ours, with men in power preying on women's vulnerabilities. When inaccurate media representations become our cultural standard for human trafficking, real victims will continue to go unseen and even blamed for their own exploitation. With Black and Latina women making up 88% of trafficking survivors at Restore, it's increasingly important we bring their stories to life in more accurate and nuanced ways. Opinion: A sex trafficking survivor nearly died trying to get out. Here's what she wants others to know. Traffickers exploit disconnect between real life and pop culture 'I've worked with victims that initially didn't understand they were being trafficked – they just thought this is what they had to do in order to hustle and get ahead,' said Lenore Schaffer, Restore's chief program officer. 'Victims will sometimes have an entire lifetime of being conditioned to normalize the objectification of their bodies. Traffickers know how to capitalize on this.' Opinion: Sean 'Diddy' Combs goes by many names. After Cassie video, add 'abuser' to the list. Decades of pop culture have blurred the line between empowerment and exploitation. Three 6 Mafia's 'It's Hard Out Here for a Pimp' won an Oscar for their lyrical portrayal of pimping as a gritty but noble hustle instead of a system of exploitation. 'The Salty Pimp' continues to be one of Big Gay Ice Cream Shop's top selling flavors, despite backlash for a name that shrugs at the reality of sexual exploitation. This casual normalization helps traffickers remain invisible and victims unaware of their exploitation. When pimps are turned into popular Halloween costumes, their real-life violence is often misunderstood. The disconnect between lived experience and public narrative is one traffickers exploit – and it keeps survivors from identifying what's happening to them. 'A survivor I worked with once stayed with her trafficker for years because he introduced her to industry contacts and presented her with lavish gifts. Even though she recognized this was sexual exploitation, in her eyes, it wasn't trafficking because she felt it was a mutually beneficial relationship,' said Schaffer. As the public watches the Combs case unfold, it's crucial we resist the urge to fit victims into familiar molds. This moment marks an opportunity for reflection on how our collective culture, media and language can downplay violence against women. Let's ensure the real experiences of trafficking survivors, especially women of color, are not erased in favor of spectacle. Beck Sullivan, a licensed clinical social worker, is the CEO of Restore NYC, where she has led nationally recognized programs that earned the 2024 Presidential Award for Extraordinary Efforts to Combat Trafficking in Persons. She has more than 16 years of experience in the anti-trafficking field, including prior roles at the Bilateral Safety Corridor Coalition and as cofounder of the Valley Against Sex Trafficking (VAST).
Yahoo
09-05-2025
- Yahoo
Arkansas attorney general announces $100,000 human trafficking grant
Attorney General Tim Griffin announces the results of human trafficking raids in his Little Rock office on Jan. 24, 2025. (Mary Hennigan/Arkansas Advocate) Attorney General Tim Griffin's office has received a $100,000 grant to combat human trafficking in Arkansas, he announced Thursday. Griffin secured the grant while attending a bipartisan attorney general conference in Rome and Vatican City that was organized by the Attorney General Alliance and focused on fighting human trafficking worldwide, according to a press release from the AG's office. 'We are the most effective in our fight against international human trafficking right here in Arkansas when we are maximizing relationships, sharing information and learning best practices,' Griffin said. During the trip, which was 'at no cost to taxpayers,' Griffin said he met with experts who specialize in 'illicit massage parlors' and invited some of them to conduct trainings and share insights in Arkansas. Arkansas police announce human trafficking resource in line with governor's legislative goals In January 2023, Griffin announced the creation of a statewide group to combat human trafficking called Statewide Tactical Operations Partnership (STOP) that was to be composed of representatives from federal, state and local law enforcement. More recently, Griffin announced in January that four suspected human trafficking perpetrators were taken into custody following a statewide raid called 'Operation Obscured Vision.' The initiative focused on a dozen 'illicit massage parlors' in Jonesboro, Russellville, Hot Springs, Rogers, Harrison and a Little Rock hotel. Officials identified 17 purported trafficking victims who were 29-65 years old, and 16 accepted services from medical staff and advocacy groups that partnered with the operation, Griffin said. Also in January, just days after the governor cited public safety as one of her priorities for the 2025 legislative session, Arkansas State Police announced a new website that provides human trafficking victims with county-level resources. Legislators approved a number of laws related to human trafficking during the legislative session that adjourned Monday, including one that would require information about the National Human Trafficking Hotline to be posted in a nail salon or massage business licensed by the Arkansas Department of Health. Other new laws create enhanced penalties for recruiting trafficked people from certain places, and require those convicted of violating the Human Trafficking Act of 2013 to pay mandatory restitution to victims, among other things. SUBSCRIBE: GET THE MORNING HEADLINES DELIVERED TO YOUR INBOX
