Latest news with #PCOD
The Hindu
5 days ago
- Health
- The Hindu
How genetic factors influence the onset and progression of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), a multifaceted endocrine-metabolic condition, is increasingly being recognised as not only a reproductive disorder but also a genetic and lifestyle-driven health challenge that affects a growing number of women across India. While clinical attention has often centred around irregular periods and infertility, recent studies and clinical experiences point to the crucial and often overlooked hereditary nature of this condition. Affecting an estimated 5 to 20 % of women of reproductive age in India, PCOS is now understood to be a spectrum disorder -- presenting differently across individuals. According to Dakshayani D., head of obstetrics and gynaecology at MGM Healthcare, Chennai, PCOS is a 'multisystemic pathology,' often seen with irregular cycles, weight gain, hirsutism (excessive growth of dark, coarse hair in women in a male-like pattern, typically on the face, chest and back), acanthosis nigricans (a skin condition characterised by dark, velvety and thickened patches of skin, often found in body folds like the neck, armpits and groin) and in some cases, infertility. She notes that some women may show classical ultrasound findings of multiple peripheral ovarian cysts and increased ovarian volume, while others may have no cysts at all. 'PCOS is not a uniform disease; it manifests differently from lean PCOS to obese PCOS with symptoms such as male-pattern hair growth, scanty or heavy bleeding and insulin resistance varying in severity,' she adds. The genetic element The strong familial clustering of PCOS has led clinicians to view genetics as a significant component in its development. 'There is strong clinical evidence that the condition runs in families,' says R.K. Vidhyalakshmi, lead consultant in obstetrics and gynaecology at SRM Global Hospitals, Chennai. 'First-degree relatives -- mothers, sisters and daughters have a significantly increased risk.' Genomic studies support these clinical observations. Variants in genes such as CYP11a, CYP17, CYP19, INSR, LHR, FSHR, and DENND1A -- all involved in steroid hormone synthesis and ovarian function have been identified in women with PCOS. 'PCOS is a polygenic disorder with no single causative gene,' explains Mannan Gupta, chairman, department of obstetrics and gynaecology at Elantis Healthcare, New Delhi. 'Instead, several gene variants act together with environmental triggers.' Sapna Raina, clinical lead at Narayana Health City, notes that the risk of developing PCOS in women with a family history can be as high as 25–50 %, further underscoring the need for early surveillance in adolescent girls with known familial risk. Early recognition is key Given its variable presentation, early detection of PCOS often depends on clinical vigilance and awareness of familial risk. Dhivya Sharona, consultant gynaecologist at Rela Hospital, Chennai, stresses the need to distinguish PCOS from PCOD -- the latter being a condition limited to ovulatory dysfunction. 'PCOS is broader, and includes metabolic and androgenic symptoms even in the absence of ovarian cysts.' She highlights the increasing prevalence among young Indian women, attributing it to a combination of genetic predisposition and lifestyle factors such as poor dietary habits, high stress and sedentary behaviour. Hormonal screening -- including LH, FSH, AMH, testosterone, prolactin, estradiol, DHEAS, TSH and progesterone -- along with imaging (preferably 3D ultrasonography), enables more accurate assessment of ovarian morphology. '3D USG offers a reliable view of stromal volume and blood flow, which are critical in PCOS evaluation,' adds Dr. Dakshayani. Lifestyle intervention and preventive care Despite its hereditary links, PCOS is highly modifiable through early lifestyle adjustments. 'Maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding refined carbohydrates, and engaging in regular physical activity can delay or even prevent the onset of symptoms in at-risk individuals,' says Dr. Gupta. He also recommends stress management, sleep hygiene, and periodic hormonal evaluation for adolescent girls with family history. 'Even a 5–10% weight loss can help regulate menstrual cycles and improve insulin sensitivity,' says Dr. Vidhyalakshmi, adding that prevention starts with education and personalised counselling. Dr. Raina stresses early behavioural interventions in families known to carry a genetic risk. 'Families often share not just genes but habits. Encouraging healthier food choices, reducing processed food intake and promoting physical activity from adolescence can alter outcomes significantly.' Emerging therapies and personalised approaches As understanding of PCOS deepens, treatment is moving towards individualised care models. 'Pharmacogenomics and polygenic risk scoring are being explored to customise treatment based on genetic profiles,' notes Dr. Gupta. 'This will enable clinicians to predict which patients are likely to respond better to specific hormonal or metabolic therapies.' For hirsutism, Dr. Sharona recommends laser hair reduction for long-term improvement, though medications like spironolactone, finasteride and Eflornithine-based topical creams can offer temporary relief. Therapies such as metformin, myoinositols, oral contraceptives and ovulation-inducing agents like Clomiphene, Letrozole and gonadotrophins are tailored based on whether the primary concern is infertility, metabolic imbalance, or hyperandrogenism.'There's no universal treatment for PCOS -- each patient's symptoms and hormonal profile guide the management,' emphasises Dr. Sharona. Despite its high prevalence, PCOS remains underdiagnosed and underreported. 'The social stigma and silence around menstrual health contributes to delays in diagnosis,' says Dr. Raina. 'It is time we normalise conversations around PCOS within families and schools.' With clinical evidence pointing strongly towards hereditary transmission, clinicians believe that family history must be considered a key diagnostic tool -- not just a background detail. By raising awareness, integrating preventive care early and leveraging advances in genetic research, it may be possible to change the trajectory of PCOS for future generations.
The Print
22-06-2025
- Health
- The Print
How PCOS wrecks your skin & hair—and what you can do about it
But before you can do that, you should know how PCOS affects your hair and skin. PCOS doesn't discriminate, nor does it play fair. But that doesn't mean you can't take control of your hair and skin. One in every five Indian women today has PCOS. And it's PCOS, not PCOD—it stands for polycystic ovary syndrome, which is not a disease. The condition comes with hormonal imbalance, acne, unwanted hair growth, and makes you truly wonder if you're part wolf. To put it simply, PCOS is your hormones throwing a rager that never seems to end, with your hair and skin as the unfortunate victims. It involves higher levels of androgens, which are hormones regulating muscle growth, bone density, and hair growth. They're sometimes called 'male hormones' because they're usually present in higher levels in men. Because of excess androgens, you'll be dealing with: D eep, annoying , and painful nodulocystic acne Hair growth on the chin, upper lip, areola, and belly button T hinning hair and female pattern baldness Skin darkening and dark patches So what should you do differently? Skincare with PCOS If you have PCOS, you're not just dealing with occasionally oily or sensitive skin; it's all that and more. This is precisely why a regular skincare routine might not cut it for you. Here's what you should do instead: 1. Acne Acne usually responds better to surface-level applications of salicylic acid or benzoyl peroxide. But PCOS acne is deeper, more rooted, cystic, and quite stubborn. Here's what you'll need: Retinoids (prescription or OTC adapalene) to increase the speed at which your skin cells turn over Niacinamide to help your skin control its oil (production?) without irritation 2. Hair removal For those not bogged down with PCOS, waxing and shaving work just fine as hair removal techniques. However, if you have PCOS, then you're dealing with thicker, darker hair, which means more ingrown hair situations and subsequent irritation after shaving. Here's what you should try: Laser hair reduction , a long – term fix that is worth investing in E lectrolysis for particularly stubborn spots Avoid frequent waxing, as it can lead to hyperpigmentation. 3. Tanning and hyperpigmentation If you have PCOS, your tans are going to stick around like a bad ex. But there's no cause for alarm. You can fix PCOS hyperpigmentation with: Vitamin C serums , which brighten dark spots C hemical exfoliants like AHAs/BHAs , which even out skin tone Sunscreen (Applying SPF 50+ every day is absolutely non-negotiable. ) Also read: Don't scratch mosquito bites. Here is how to deal with itching, redness Hair care with PCOS This goes without saying, but PCOS–related hair loss is not even close to regular hair thinning. This is because androgens shrink hair follicles, which eventually leads to hair thinning at the crown of your head and forehead. Somewhat paradoxically, PCOS also causes another condition called hirsutism: the growth of excess body hair. Dealing with these changes is often anxiety-inducing, and it causes endless frustration. After consulting with your trusted dermatologist, here's what you should do: Try using m inoxidil or R ogaine to stimulate hair growth Make sure your vitamin D and Iron counts are at the optimum levels A void tight hairstyles and buns and extreme heat exposure Never use anything sulphate-based for your hair Also read: Your lips need SPF too. There's a risk of long-term damage The extra mile Beyond the medications you might be on for PCOS, you also need to do your bit to give your body a fighting chance. 1. Diet Say n o to all sugars and processed carbohydrates , which spike your insulin levels and aggravate PCOS Include more protein and omega-3 fatty acid s as they will help lower inflammation Drink spearmint tea to lower androgen levels 2. Exercise Do c ardio and strength training to balance your insulin and reproductive hormones T ry yoga or pilates to reduce your cortisol levels 3. Supplements After consulting with your dermatologist, here are some supplement options you could consider: Myo-inositol and D-chiro-inositol , the game changers in terms of insulin resistance Vitamin D3 Zinc and magnesium , which help lower stress and acne PCOS makes one realise how deep-rooted certain issues can be—a regular skincare routine doesn't cut it. You need a more holistic approach that covers all bases. The key thing to remember is being patient: hormones don't correct themselves overnight. Dr Deepali Bhardwaj is a Consultant Dermatologist, Max Hospital, Saket. She is also an anti-allergy specialist, laser surgeon and internationally trained aesthetician. She tweets @dermatdoc. Views are personal. (Edited by Prasanna Bachchhav)
Time of India
10-06-2025
- Health
- Time of India
PCOS and PCOD on the rise in Indian women: Differences between the two and and symptoms to watch out for
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and Polycystic Ovary Disease (PCOD) are two of the most common health issues in women of reproductive age, across the globe. Closer home studies suggest that about 1 in 5 young Indian women suffer from these conditions, which is much higher than the global average. The conditions not just affect fertility, but can also result in a host of health issues. Let's dig deeper... Understanding the difference between PCOD and PCOS PCOS and PCOD both are hormonal disorders affecting female ovaries, the organs responsible for producing eggs and hormones like estrogen and progesterone. While the two are used interchangeably, there are some minor differences. Let's understand them first. PCOD (Polycystic Ovarian Disease) occurs when ovaries produce immature or partially mature eggs in huge numbers, which can form cysts. This causes the ovaries to enlarge and produce excess male hormones (androgens), leading to symptoms like irregular periods and weight gain. PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome) is a more complex condition where the ovaries produce higher-than-normal levels of male hormones, causing hormonal imbalance, missed periods, and difficulty in conceiving. Both conditions can lead to problems in the menstrual cycle (though this is not always the case) and can cause long-term health problems. by Taboola by Taboola Sponsored Links Sponsored Links Promoted Links Promoted Links You May Like 5 Books Warren Buffett Wants You to Read In 2025 Blinkist: Warren Buffett's Reading List Undo What causes these conditions Lifestyle changes: Lack of exercise, unhealthy diet, and obesity are linked to insulin resistance, which can worsen PCOS symptoms. Genetics: Family often comes to play in PCOS/PCOD as women often have mothers or sisters with the same condition. Environmental factors: Exposure to certain chemicals and stress may also contribute to the conditions. Signs and symptoms to watch out for The symptoms of PCOS and PCOD can vary from mild to severe, and not all women will experience the same symptom or the severity. The only way to confirm the same is through an Ultrasound test. Symptoms often appear in the late teens or early twenties, but are not limited to that age bracket only. Let's take a look... Menstrual problems One of the most common symptoms is irregular menstruation. Women may experience fewer periods than normal (oligomenorrhea), skipped periods, or no periods at all (amenorrhea). This happens because the hormonal imbalance meddles with ovulation—the release of eggs from the ovaries. This results in irregular ovulation, ending in menstrual issues. Difficulty getting pregnant Since PCOS and PCOD affect ovulation, many women are unable to conceive till they are treated, though it is not impossible to get pregnant with these conditions. Many women conceive without even knowing they suffer from the same. More hair growth than usual High levels of male hormones cause unwanted hair growth on the face, chest, back, stomach, and other parts of the body. You might see it on your chin as well, which is a common symptom of the two conditions. Weight gain Many women with PCOS/PCOD gain weight easily, especially around the belly. Insulin resistance, a common feature of these conditions, makes weight management harder. Again, this could also be a symptom of other conditions, and not just indicative of PCOS/PCOD. Acne Hormonal imbalance can cause persistent acne, especially on the face, chest, and upper back. Some women also experience oily skin. Hair thinning Some women notice thinning hair or male-pattern baldness, where hair gradually falls out from the scalp. Dark patches Areas like the neck, underarms, and under the breasts may develop dark, thickened skin patches called acanthosis nigricans, which are linked to insulin resistance. One step to a healthier you—join Times Health+ Yoga and feel the change
&w=3840&q=100)
Business Standard
09-06-2025
- Health
- Business Standard
The silent struggle: PCOS and PCOD on the rise among young Indian women
Across India, an increasing number of adolescent girls and young women are grappling with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD) – two hormonal disorders that often go undetected but can have significant long-term health consequences. Affecting reproductive, metabolic, and psychological well-being, these conditions are becoming more prevalent in the 15–25 age group, largely due to lifestyle factors, urban stress, and lack of awareness. Health experts estimate that PCOS now affects between 3.7% and 22.5% of Indian women, depending on diagnostic criteria and location. Globally, it is among the most common endocrine disorders, impacting 8–13% of women of reproductive age. Understanding PCOS and PCOD Today, the terms PCOS and PCOD are often used interchangeably but medically they are two distinct entities. Dr. Dhivya Sharona, Consultant – Gynaecology, Rela Hospital Chennai, explains: 'PCOD is a condition where ovulation is affected and there is formation of cysts in the ovaries. Here, the ovaries produce immature and partially mature eggs in large quantities leading to the formation of cysts secreting excess amounts of androgen (male hormone).' 'It is associated with irregular periods, excessive bleeding and painful periods. It is more common than PCOS and affects around 1/3rd women of reproductive age worldwide. It is also less severe than PCOS and has less impact on fertility compared to PCOS. Around 80% women with PCOD are able to conceive with help,' Dr Sharona adds. On the other hand, PCOS is a syndrome with a spectrum of signs and symptoms including painful periods, weight gain, excessive hair growth, mental health disorder and both presence and absence of cyst formation in the ovaries. The incidence of PCOS is quoted to be between 5-20% in actively menstruating women. It has a high association with obesity along with hypertension, diabetes and heart diseases. Dr. Nidhi Thakur, Consultant Obstetrician & Gynaecologist, Ujala Cygnus Group of Hospitals says that in some cases, ovaries form fluid-filled cysts when the egg is not released properly, leading to amenorrhea (absence of menstruation), hormonal disruption, and fertility issues. Despite the name, not all women with PCOS have visible ovarian cysts, which often makes diagnosis difficult. Recent studies show that most people with PCOS have insulin resistance, where the body's cells don't respond properly to insulin, disrupting hormone balance. Testing for this can help rule out other conditions often mistaken for PCOS. The challenges Many young women with PCOS or PCOD go undiagnosed for years. Symptoms like irregular periods, hair growth, or weight fluctuations are often normalised or overlooked. This delay in diagnosis means the condition progresses silently, potentially leading to infertility, insulin resistance, obesity, sleep apnea, and mental health issues like anxiety and depression. The social stigma around discussing menstrual or reproductive issues also contributes to underdiagnosis. In many cases, women only discover their condition while struggling to conceive or manage other related health complications. In 2021, a study was undertaken by the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh to assess treatment pathways that patients with PCOS have followed. It revealed that even after having initiated treatment, almost 45% of the patients knew nothing about PCOS. Only 9.1% learned anything from their doctors, and almost 85.5% had to visit multiple doctors to gather information. Some patients (approximately 37%) also took to the internet as their primary source of information in trying to learn about their condition. Many women, in a different ethnographic study, revealed that they received conflicting information from different health-care professionals about their condition, which generates a "trust deficit." That is, women have begun to lose trust in their doctors because they are not confident about the quality of the information provided to them. There is a disconnect that the patients feel, which can only be bridged through clear communication and helping them understand how the condition and its management go hand in hand. Lifestyle and prevention: The first line of defense While there's no permanent cure, PCOS and PCOD can be effectively managed through early intervention and lifestyle changes. A healthy diet, weight management, and regular exercise play a crucial role in restoring hormonal balance and improving insulin sensitivity. Reducing sugar and processed food intake helps control blood sugar and insulin levels. Moderate physical activity improves metabolism and regulates the menstrual cycle. Stress-reduction practices like yoga or meditation help manage hormonal fluctuations. Even a modest weight loss of 5–10% can significantly improve symptoms and restore ovulation in many cases, says Dr. Nidhi Thakur. Medical management and costs Medical treatment typically includes hormonal contraceptives to regulate periods and reduce androgen levels, as well as anti-androgen medications to manage symptoms like excess hair growth. In some cases, laparoscopic ovarian drilling is recommended when medications are ineffective. The cost of managing PCOS can vary: Hormonal medications: ₹400–₹800 per month Surgery (if needed): ₹35,000–₹50,000 Total treatment costs may range from ₹20,000 to ₹50,000, depending on the individual case Though affordable options are available, the cumulative long-term costs can be high if not managed early. Long-term impact on health and fertility If left unmanaged, these diseases can significantly affect a woman's long-term health. The risk of developing Type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, and endometrial cancer increases with time. PCOS is also a leading cause of infertility, due to chronic anovulation and hormonal imbalance. Beyond physical symptoms, the condition can have a profound psychological impact. The frustration of dealing with chronic symptoms, weight issues, and fertility concerns can lead to low self-esteem, anxiety, and depression, making mental health support an important part of the treatment plan. Importance of early detection and regular check-ups PCOD and PCOS are on rise due to high stress, poor social and emotional relatedness, sedentary lifestyle, environmental toxins etc. Dr. Dhivya says that the lack of reproductive health education, taboo around discussing female reproduction along with social and cultural notions of women's ability to bear pain render women unable and unwilling to seek necessary help. Thus, both the conditions are significantly under-diagnosed by practitioners and there is a significant information gap that does not offer people the resources they need. Young women are encouraged to consult gynaecologists if they experience irregular menstrual cycles. Basic screening tests—such as fasting blood sugar, HbA1c, lipid profiles, BMI, and ultrasound scans—can help detect early signs of PCOS and prevent complications. In some cases, consultation with endocrinologists and nutritionists may also be needed for comprehensive care. To effectively tackle this health crisis, we need a major shift in how the conditions are understood and managed. Closing knowledge gaps, creating evidence-based treatment guidelines, and prioritizing lifestyle changes along with complementary therapies—supported by accessible patient education—are all critical steps forward. A manageable condition with the right support PCOS and PCOD are chronic but manageable conditions. With early diagnosis, lifestyle changes, and appropriate medical support, most women can live healthy, fulfilling lives. What's crucial is breaking the silence around menstrual and hormonal health and making gynaecological check ups a routine part of adolescent healthcare. Raising awareness, both at the family and institutional level, can help young Indian women recognise symptoms early, seek help without stigma, and take control of their health before complications set in.
Hindustan Times
05-06-2025
- Health
- Hindustan Times
Weight gain to acne: Doctor explains 6 common challenges faced by women due to PCOS; shares prevention tips
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder that affects a large number of women worldwide. It is often characterised by symptoms such as weight gain, irregular menstrual cycles, excessive facial hair, and mood swings. In an interview with HT Lifestyle, Dr. Manjusha Goel, lead consultant, dept of obstetrics and gynaecology at the CK Birla Hospital, Delhi spike about the common challenges that women face due to PCOS. One of the most common symptoms of PCOS is irregular menstrual cycles, which can make it difficult to predict periods and may lead to complications such as endometrial thickening. Hormonal imbalances can prevent ovulation, making it harder for women with PCOS to conceive. It's one of the leading causes of infertility among women. Also read | Acne to infertility: Hidden impact of PCOS on women's health Many women with PCOS struggle with weight gain, particularly around the abdomen. PCOS is also linked with insulin resistance, which can further contribute to weight issues and increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Excess androgen levels in PCOS can lead to skin problems like acne and unwanted hair growth (hirsutism), which can affect self-esteem and confidence. The physical symptoms, along with issues like infertility and body image concerns, often lead to anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem. If left unmanaged, PCOS can increase the risk of serious conditions such as heart disease, high blood pressure, sleep apnea, and endometrial cancer. Weight management: Even a modest weight loss (5-10%) can significantly improve hormonal balance, restore menstrual regularity, and enhance fertility. Healthy diet: A diet rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and healthy fats, while low in refined sugars and processed carbs, can help regulate insulin and support hormone balance. Regular exercise: Physical activity not only helps with weight management but also improves insulin sensitivity, mood, and overall well-being. Hormonal birth control: Oral contraceptives can regulate periods, reduce acne, and lower the risk of endometrial cancer. Metformin: Commonly used to improve insulin sensitivity and help with menstrual regularity. Androgen-blocking medications: These can help reduce symptoms like acne and excessive hair growth. Fertility treatments: For women trying to conceive, ovulation-inducing medications or assisted reproductive technologies may be recommended. Also read | Difference between PCOS and PCOD: Their symptoms, causes, treatment and prevention Laparoscopic surgery: In some cases, procedures like ovarian drilling can help stimulate ovulation. Regular health checkups: Monitoring blood sugar, cholesterol, and hormonal levels is essential. Support groups and counseling: Emotional support through peer groups or therapy can help cope with the psychological effects. Family and social support: Having a strong support system can make a significant difference in emotional well-being and long-term management. Educational programs: Awareness and education help women understand the condition better and encourage timely intervention. Note to readers: This article is for informational purposes only and not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your doctor with any questions about a medical condition.
