Latest news with #Pan-STARRS
Indian Express
7 days ago
- Science
- Indian Express
When the sky falls: Why and how we track dangerous asteroids
In 2013, a meteor exploded over the Russian city of Chelyabinsk with the force of 30 Hiroshima bombs. The blast injured over a thousand people and shattered windows across six cities. Yet the object—roughly 20 meters wide—had gone completely undetected. That event jolted the world into remembering: space isn't empty, and Earth isn't invincible. 'Had it arrived a few seconds later,' a Russian scientist remarked afterward, 'it would have struck Moscow.' A chilling reminder that even modest asteroids, if aimed wrong, could rewrite history. Astronomers today track thousands of asteroids not just out of scientific curiosity, but to guard our planet. Their mission: find potential threats early enough to act. Asteroids are the leftover building blocks of the solar system—chunks of rock and metal that never formed into planets. Most orbit peacefully in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. But gravity, collisions, and time conspire to kick some of them into paths that cross Earth's orbit. These are called Near-Earth Objects (NEOs), and while most are small and harmless, a few could do real damage. Some are city-sized. Others are merely car-sized. But speed matters. A rock the size of a bus moving at 30 km/s carries enough energy to level a town. The larger ones could devastate continents, or even end civilizations. In 1994, the solar system gave us a dramatic warning shot. The fragments of Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 slammed into Jupiter with unimaginable force, carving enormous scars into the gas giant's atmosphere. If such an object had hit Earth, the results would have been catastrophic. Jupiter's gravity, in fact, helps shield us from some of these impacts—its massive pull captures or redirects many rogue bodies. But not all. The first step to stopping a disaster is seeing it coming. To know whether an asteroid will do a fly-by or crash into Earth, astronomers must determine its orbit with high precision. This is done by observing it from different locations on Earth—or at different times from the same telescope—and measuring how its position shifts against the background stars. Much like how our two eyes create depth perception, these small differences allow astronomers to triangulate the asteroid's distance and path through space. With a few accurate observations, they can plug the data into orbital equations and predict whether it poses a risk—often decades in advance. Around the world, telescopes like Pan-STARRS in Hawaii and the Catalina Sky Survey in Arizona scan the night sky for anything moving against the backdrop of stars. New software, using artificial intelligence and improved optics, flags any suspicious motion—possible asteroids. Once spotted, astronomers trace the object's orbit. Using a few data points and Newtonian physics, they can project its trajectory for decades into the future. If it looks like it might get too close, they raise the alarm. Still, we're far from complete coverage. NASA estimates we've found over 90% of the planet-killer-sized asteroids (>1 km), but only a fraction of smaller ones. Many space rocks—especially dark ones—can slip past unnoticed until they're right on top of us. Missions like the Vera Rubin Observatory, coming online soon, aim to plug that gap. If we discover an object on a collision course, our best defense is time. The more lead time we have, the smaller the nudge needed to shift an asteroid's path away from Earth. In 2022, NASA tested one such idea with the DART mission (Double Asteroid Redirection Test). The spacecraft crashed into a small asteroid moonlet, changing its orbit—a real-world demonstration that we can, in principle, deflect asteroids. Other proposals include using spacecraft as gravity tractors, lasers to vaporize surface material and push the asteroid off course, or even painting it white so that reflected sunlight slowly alters its orbit. But all of these require early detection—no last-minute Hollywood-style heroics. A sufficiently large asteroid impact could cause wildfires, tsunamis, earthquakes, and trigger a years-long 'impact winter' by throwing up enough dust to block sunlight. Crops would fail. Food chains would collapse. Mass extinctions are not theoretical—they've already happened. The asteroid that likely wiped out the dinosaurs 66 million years ago was about 10 km wide. It struck with the energy of 10 billion Hiroshima bombs, creating a crater over 150 km across and changing Earth's climate in a matter of hours. While such events are rare, smaller impacts—like the Tunguska explosion in Siberia (1908), which flattened over 2,000 square kilometers of forest—are far more frequent. Asteroids are not only harbingers of doom. They are also time capsules from the early solar system, preserving the chemical recipes that formed planets and possibly seeded life. Space agencies have launched sample-return missions like OSIRIS-REx and Hayabusa2, which brought asteroid dust back to Earth for analysis. Some of these rocks contain organic molecules and hints about Earth's early chemistry. Looking further ahead, some visionaries see asteroids as mining targets. Rich in metals like nickel, platinum, and cobalt, they could one day fuel in-space construction or provide rare resources without digging up Earth. India too is stepping up its asteroid-tracking efforts. ISRO has initiated sky-survey programs, and Indian astronomers contribute to global databases tracking thousands of NEOs. The country is also part of international planetary defense discussions. Meanwhile, space agencies around the world—NASA, ESA, JAXA—are building partnerships to share data and improve global readiness. Because when it comes to planetary defense, the whole world is on the same team. The cosmos doesn't just whisper in radio signals or twinkle with light—it throws rocks. And we're finally watching. For the first time in history, we have the means to detect and potentially deflect incoming threats. It's a rare moment where foresight, physics, and global cooperation might actually save the world—not in theory, but in practice. Shravan Hanasoge is an astrophysicist at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research.
Hans India
03-07-2025
- Science
- Hans India
Asteroid 2025 MV89 to Pass Near Earth on July 4
NASA says a small space rock named Asteroid 2025 MV89 will pass close to Earth on July 4, 2025, at 9:09 PM IST. It is about 120 feet wide, the size of a big airplane. How Fast and How Close? The asteroid is moving very fast — at 31,204 km per hour. It will pass Earth from a distance of 1,960,000 kilometers, which is about 5 times farther than the Moon. That is close for space, but still very safe. Is It Dangerous? No. NASA says it is not dangerous. It is too small and too far to be a threat. Big and very close asteroids are called 'Potentially Hazardous,' but this one is not. Why Does NASA Watch Asteroids? NASA watches space rocks using strong telescopes like Pan-STARRS, Catalina, and NEOWISE. These tools help find and track asteroids. NASA is also making a new tool called NEO Surveyor to find more space rocks early. Final Point Asteroid 2025 MV89 will pass safely. But it reminds us that watching space is important. NASA helps keep Earth safe by tracking these rocks early.
India.com
26-06-2025
- Science
- India.com
Meet Jahnavi Dangeti, India's youngest astronaut selected for 2029 space mission, her age is..., she is from...
Jahnavi Dangeti, a 23-year-old space lover from Andhra Pradesh's West Godavari district, has been selected as an astronaut candidate for a 2029 space mission by the US based private space company, Titan Space Industries (TSI). TSI confirmed her selection by saying, 'Jahnavi is now part of our new ASCAN (astronaut candidate) group.' Starting in 2026, Jahnavi will begin three years of tough training under TSI's ASCAN programme. This will include flight simulations, learning how to operate spacecraft, survival skills, medical tests, and mental strength training. Jahnavi shared her excitement on Instagram, saying the mission will include a five-hour space flight, which will provide a special chance for scientific research and to improve human space travel. This space mission will be led by retired NASA astronaut Colonel William McArthur Jr., who will serve as the Chief Astronaut for Titan's project. Union Civil Aviation Minister Ram Mohan Naidu Kinjarapu congratulated Jahnavi in a post on X (formerly Twitter). He wrote, 'Congrats to Dangeti Jahnavi from Palakollu, West Godavari, for being selected as an astronaut. She is the first Indian to finish NASA's International Air & Space Programme.' He also said that her achievement is an inspiration for young Indians and added, 'She will soon take part in a historic mission to Titan's orbital port space station. We are all proud of her.' Who is Jahnavi Dangeti? Jahnavi Dangeti is a young space enthusiast from the Godavari district in Andhra Pradesh, India. She finished her schooling in her hometown and later moved to Punjab to study at Lovely Professional University (LPU), where she earned her Bachelor's degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering. Her parents, Padmasri and Srinivas, currently live in Kuwait. Besides engineering, Jahnavi has always been passionate about science and space. She strongly supports STEM education (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math) and has given speeches at ISRO events and NIT colleges all over India. In 2022, Jahnavi made history by becoming the youngest foreign analogue astronaut and the first Indian to train at the Analogue Astronaut Training Centre (AATC) in Kraków, Poland. She has also been part of the International Astronomical Search Collaboration (IASC), a program supported by NASA and other global organizations. Through this, she contributed to asteroid discovery work using the Pan-STARRS telescope in Hawaii, analyzing real-time space data. Jahnavi's efforts in space science have brought her several honors. She won the People's Choice Award at the NASA Space Apps Challenge and was given the Young Achiever Award during ISRO's World Space Week celebrations. Abou the mission The space mission by the US-based Titan Space Industries will last about five hours. During this time, the crew will orbit the Earth twice, witnessing two sunrises and two sunsets. The mission will include nearly three hours of continuous zero gravity, offering a unique opportunity for scientific research and advancements in human space travel. The mission will be led by Colonel William McArthur Jr., a retired U.S. Army officer and experienced NASA astronaut, who now serves as the Chief Astronaut at Titans Space.
