Latest news with #Plasmodiumknowlesi
The Sun
6 days ago
- Health
- The Sun
Sarawak boosts fight against zoonotic and tropical diseases
SIBU: Sarawak is stepping up efforts to tackle zoonotic and neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) as global health threats persist, said Deputy Premier Datuk Amar Dr Sim Kui Hian. Speaking at the launch of the 2nd Asia-Pacific Conference on Zoonotic and Neglected Tropical Diseases 2025, he highlighted the dangers of diseases transmitted from animals to humans, such as COVID-19 and HIV. 'This is an important programme, and I'm proud it started in Sibu. This is our second time hosting it, and it's held every two years. 'Zoonotic and tropical diseases are serious issues that demand continued attention and investment,' Dr Sim told reporters. He noted that tropical diseases like malaria and dengue remain prevalent in Sarawak, with emerging strains posing new challenges. 'In Sarawak, we've seen Plasmodium knowlesi — a type of malaria that comes from monkeys. This shows that animal-to-human transmission will become more frequent. COVID-19 won't be the last pandemic. We must be prepared,' he said. To strengthen defences, Sarawak is constructing an Infectious Disease Centre in Samarahan, backed by over RM200 million in funding. 'We're investing not just in money, but in training, labs and infrastructure,' Dr Sim added. He also sought international collaboration during a visit to the US CDC last year to enhance local expertise. On rabies, Dr Sim urged greater public responsibility, particularly among urban pet owners. 'Rabies can be eliminated. The World Health Organisation aims to eradicate it by 2030 — but it won't happen on its own. Everyone must play a role,' he stressed. Despite high vaccination rates in border areas, urban compliance remains low, increasing risks. The two-day conference serves as a platform for experts, policymakers, and the public to collaborate on disease prevention strategies. 'Whether you're a scientist, doctor, nurse, policymaker or member of the public, we all have a role to play,' Dr Sim concluded. - Bernama
New Straits Times
6 days ago
- Health
- New Straits Times
Sarawak takes proactive steps to tackle zoonotic, tropical diseases
SIBU: The spread of zoonotic and neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) remains a major global health threat, and Sarawak is taking proactive steps to address the issue, said Deputy Premier and Minister for Public Health, Housing and Local Government Datuk Amar Dr Sim Kui Hian. Speaking after launching the 2nd Asia-Pacific Conference on Zoonotic and Neglected Tropical Diseases 2025 here today, Dr Sim said diseases passed from animals to humans, such as HIV and Covid-19, have shown how dangerous zoonoses can be. "This is an important programme, and I'm proud it started in Sibu. This is our second time hosting it, and it's held every two years. Zoonotic and tropical diseases are serious issues that demand continued attention and investment," he told reporters. Dr Sim noted that tropical diseases like malaria and dengue are still common in Sarawak, with new strains continuing to emerge. "In Sarawak, we've seen Plasmodium knowlesi — a type of malaria that comes from monkeys. This shows that animal-to-human transmission will become more frequent. Covid-19 won't be the last pandemic. We must be prepared," he said. He highlighted Sarawak's forward-thinking move to build its own Infectious Disease Centre in Samarahan, with over RM200 million allocated for the project. "Some say our people are poor, but that doesn't mean we should wait for the next pandemic to take action. We're investing not just in money, but in training, labs and infrastructure," he said. Dr Sim also shared his experience visiting the US Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta last year, where he sought international cooperation to help train Sarawak's health professionals. "I told them we need their support and expertise," he said. On rabies, Dr Sim stressed the need for greater public responsibility, especially when it comes to vaccinating pets in urban areas — where response has been poor despite free vaccination campaigns. "Rabies can be eliminated. The World Health Organisation aims to eradicate it by 2030 — but it won't happen on its own. Everyone must play a role. Pet owners must be responsible. It's not just up to the government to go door to door," he said. He pointed out that while 80 per cent of dogs in border areas have been vaccinated, urban pet owners have been less cooperative, creating ongoing risks. "Even scratches from infected cats can spread rabies. Public awareness needs to go beyond just dog bites," he said, calling for collective action to stop the disease. Dr Sim concluded by emphasising that the conference is not just for health professionals, but for all parties — including the public, to build resilience against future disease outbreaks. "Whether you're a scientist, doctor, nurse, policymaker or member of the public, we all have a role to play," he said. The two-day Asia-Pacific Conference, which began today, serves as a platform for experts and policymakers to share knowledge, build networks and foster regional cooperation in tackling infectious diseases. — BERNAMA
New Straits Times
06-06-2025
- Health
- New Straits Times
New task force needed to monitor animal-to-human disease risks, say experts
KOTA KINABALU: Experts from Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS) have called for the formation of an interdisciplinary task force to address the growing threat of zoonotic diseases in Borneo. They said the task force should include representatives from government agencies, academic institutions and conservation bodies. In a joint statement, UMS Biotechnology Research Institute's Professor Dr Vijay Kumar and Associate Professor Dr Zarina Amin said that while Borneo's biodiversity is unparalleled, increasing infrastructural development has raised the risk of zoonotic spillovers - where pathogens jump from animals to humans. "In Sabah, where human-wildlife interactions are frequent, biosurveillance must remain a priority. "The spread of infectious diseases not only threatens public health, but also tourism, agriculture and conservation efforts." A well-documented example is Plasmodium knowlesi malaria, transmitted from macaques to humans by mosquitoes. In addition, several previously unknown coronaviruses - similar to SARS and COVID-19 - have been detected in bats in Sabah, highlighting the risks faced by tourists and locals visiting bat-inhabited caves. Sabah's poultry farms have also experienced outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) in 2018, while neighbouring Sarawak continues to battle rabies, which accounts for nearly all reported cases in Malaysia. Livestock and wildlife diseases are an increasing concern. Strains of Newcastle Disease Virus and Infectious Bronchitis Virus have impacted Sabah's poultry industry, while African Swine Fever has devastated wild and farmed pig populations. Marine wildlife is not spared either. On Mabul Island and surrounding waters, an increasing number of sea turtles are suffering from fibropapillomatosis, a herpesvirus-linked disease. Melioidosis, which thrives in Sabah's tropical soil, has infected humans and wildlife - including orangutans and macaques. Leptospirosis also remains a persistent threat. "Looking ahead, large-scale developments such as Indonesia's new capital, Nusantara, in East Kalimantan could significantly disrupt Borneo's ecosystems. "Increased deforestation, agricultural expansion, and hydropower projects will likely escalate human-wildlife conflict, habitat loss and disease spillovers." The experts urged for a strengthened One Health approach, combining genomic surveillance, AI analytics, public education, enforcement against poaching, sustainable land-use policies, and better policy integration and funding.
Straits Times
28-04-2025
- Health
- Straits Times
Malaria threat in Malaysia currently comes from macaques
In Malaysia, there has been an increase in zoonotic malaria cases, often in forested areas where humans and macaques share habitats. PHOTO ILLUSTRATION: PIXABAY Malaria threat in Malaysia currently comes from macaques KUALA LUMPUR - World Malaria Day is observed every year on April 25, with the World Health Organization (WHO) selecting a different theme each year to highlight key aspects of malaria prevention and control. The theme for 2025 is 'Malaria Ends with Us: Reinvest, Reimagine, Reignite', calling for renewed global commitment and innovation in the fight to eliminate malaria. While significant progress has been made, challenges such as drug resistance, climate change and zoonotic malaria continue to threaten malaria control efforts. To achieve a malaria-free future, there is an urgent need to reinvest in research and healthcare, reimagine new solutions, and reignite a global commitment to reduce the burden of this disease worldwide. From macaques to humans Zoonotic malaria, primarily caused by the parasite Plasmodium knowlesi, is transmitted to humans when an Anopheles mosquito feeds on infected macaques and subsequently bites a human. It represents a significant challenge because zoonotic malaria introduces a new dynamic in malaria transmission, where the primary host is not human, but wildlife, making it more difficult to control and predict. Countries such as Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand have seen an increase in P. knowlesi malaria cases, often in forested areas where humans and macaques share habitats. The rise in zoonotic malaria has been linked to factors such as deforestation, land-use changes, and the expansion of human settlements into previously untouched wildlife areas. These environmental changes facilitate closer contact between humans, mosquitoes and macaques, increasing the likelihood of zoonotic transmission. As such, this form of malaria presents a unique public health challenge that requires a broader focus on environmental health and wildlife conservation. The situation in Malaysia Malaysia has made remarkable progress in the fight against malaria, particularly with the successful eradication of indigenous human malaria since 2018. The country has significantly reduced malaria transmission, largely due to improved public health measures, widespread use of insecticide-treated bed nets, indoor residual spraying and effective antimalarial treatments. However, the rise of zoonotic malaria is increasingly challenging this success. This shift highlights the complex nature of malaria transmission and the evolving landscape of the disease in Malaysia. The rise in P. knowlesi malaria has been particularly pronounced in East Malaysia, where the infection is closely linked to deforestation, agricultural expansion and human encroachment into macaque habitats. The close proximity of humans to macaques and their shared environments has significantly increased the risk of zoonotic transmission. P. knowlesi, which naturally infects macaques, is now the dominant malaria species in this region. Several states in Peninsular Malaysia, such as Kelantan, have also reported an increasing number of zoonotic malaria cases, particularly in rural areas. While P. knowlesi remains the primary zoonotic malaria parasite of concern in Malaysia, the emergence of other zoonotic malaria species, such as Plasmodium cynomolgi and Plasmodium inui in humans, has added a new dimension of complexity to the country's malaria elimination efforts. Influencing factors The factors contributing to the increase in zoonotic malaria are complex and multifactorial, encompassing environmental, ecological, socioeconomic and behavioural elements. One of the most significant factors contributing to the rise of zoonotic malaria is deforestation and human encroachment into wildlife habitats. As human populations expand and agricultural activities increase, forests are being cleared for farming, logging and infrastructure development. This land-use change brings humans into closer proximity with macaques, increasing the likelihood of zoonotic spillover. Climate change also plays a critical role in shaping the spread of zoonotic malaria. Temperature, rainfall patterns and humidity affect the lifecycle and distribution of both mosquitoes and the Plasmodium parasite. Rising temperatures and unpredictable rainfall patterns can expand the geographical range of Anopheles mosquitoes, bringing them into new areas where malaria was not previously a concern. Additionally, climate change can alter macaque behaviour and migration patterns, pushing these animals into new areas where they come into contact with human populations and increasing the risk of zoonotic transmission, especially with the presence of Anopheles mosquitoes in these areas. While traditional vector control measures such as insecticide-treated nets, indoor residual spraying and larval source management have been effective in controlling human malaria, they may be less effective against zoonotic malaria. This is mainly because the primary mosquito vectors are outdoor biters (exophagic) and typically feed outside human dwellings. As a result, indoor-based strategies like insecticide-treated nets and indoor residual spraying, offer limited protection against these vectors. Preventive measures Preventing zoonotic malaria requires proactive measures to reduce exposure to infected mosquitoes and macaques in areas where the disease is prevalent. Many ecotourism activities, such as hiking and wildlife observation, take place in forested or jungle areas that can be high-risk zones for zoonotic malaria transmission. One of the most effective ways to prevent such infections is to avoid entering forested areas, especially during the peak mosquito-biting times, which are typically at dawn and dusk. If entering such areas is unavoidable, it is crucial to take the necessary precautions, such as taking prophylactic drugs. Wearing the right protective clothing is also a simple, yet highly effective measure against mosquito bites. When entering a jungle where zoonotic malaria is a risk, it is important to wear long-sleeved shirts, long pants and socks to minimise exposed skin. Light-coloured clothing is also recommended, as mosquitoes are generally more attracted to dark colours. Clothing made from tightly woven fabrics provides an added barrier against mosquito bites, further reducing the risk of infection. In addition, using insect repellents containing DEET, which is a chemical compound officially known as N,N-Dieth yl-meta-toluamide, or picaridin can significantly reduce the chances of mosquito bites. These repellents should be applied to exposed skin, especially when hiking or engaging in other outdoor activities in areas with a high risk of zoonotic malaria. It is also advisable to treat clothing and gear with insect repellent to provide additional protection. If someone develops a fever, chills, headache or other symptoms resembling malaria after engaging in jungle-related activities or visiting areas where zoonotic malaria is known to occur, it is crucial to seek medical attention immediately. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are vital in preventing the progression of the disease to more severe forms. Stronger multi-sectoral collaborations in combating zoonotic malaria through the integration of the One Health approach are also vital. This includes strengthening surveillance and diagnostic capabilities in the human health sector, monitoring infection in macaque populations and implementing targeted vector control strategies. Environmental management, such as reducing deforestation and limiting human-wildlife contact, also plays a key role. By fostering collaboration among public health, veterinary and environmental agencies, the One Health approach offers a comprehensive and sustainable solution to reduce the risk of transmission and support long-term control of zoonotic malaria. THE STAR/ASIA NEWS NETWORK Join ST's Telegram channel and get the latest breaking news delivered to you.
The Star
27-04-2025
- Health
- The Star
Malaria threat in Malaysia currently comes from macaques
World Malaria Day is observed every year on April 25, with the World Health Organization (WHO) selecting a different theme each year to highlight key aspects of malaria prevention and control. For 2025, the theme is 'Malaria Ends with Us: Reinvest, Reimagine, Reignite', calling for renewed global commitment and innovation in the fight to eliminate malaria. While significant progress has been made, challenges such as drug resistance, climate change and zoonotic malaria continue to threaten malaria control efforts. To achieve a malaria-free future, there is an urgent need to reinvest in research and healthcare, reimagine new solutions, and reignite a global commitment to reduce the burden of this disease worldwide. From macaques to humans Zoonotic malaria, primarily caused by the parasite Plasmodium knowlesi , is transmitted to humans when an Anopheles mosquito feeds on infected macaques and subsequently bites a human. It represents a significant challenge because zoonotic malaria introduces a new dynamic in malaria transmission, where the primary host is not human, but wildlife, making it more difficult to control and predict. Countries such as Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand have seen an increase in P. knowlesi malaria cases, often in forested areas where humans and macaques share habitats. The rise in zoonotic malaria has been linked to factors such as deforestation, land-use changes, and the expansion of human settlements into previously untouched wildlife areas. These environmental changes facilitate closer contact between humans, mosquitoes and macaques, increasing the likelihood of zoonotic transmission. As such, this form of malaria presents a unique public health challenge that requires a broader focus on environmental health and wildlife conservation. In Malaysia Malaysia has made remarkable progress in the fight against malaria, particularly with the successful eradication of indigenous human malaria since 2018. The country has significantly reduced malaria transmission, largely due to improved public health measures, widespread use of insecticide-treated bed nets, indoor residual spraying and effective antimalarial treatments. However, the rise of zoonotic malaria is increasingly challenging this success. This shift highlights the complex nature of malaria transmission and the evolving landscape of the disease in Malaysia. The rise in P. knowlesi malaria has been particularly pronounced in East Malaysia, where the infection is closely linked to deforestation, agricultural expansion and human encroachment into macaque habitats. The close proximity of humans to macaques and their shared environments has significantly increased the risk of zoonotic transmission. P. knowlesi , which naturally infects macaques, is now the dominant malaria species in this region. Several states in Peninsular Malaysia, such as Kelantan, have also reported an increasing number of zoonotic malaria cases, particularly in rural areas. While P. knowlesi remains the primary zoonotic malaria parasite of concern in Malaysia, the emergence of other zoonotic malaria species, such as Plasmodium cynomolgi and Plasmodium inui in humans, has added a new dimension of complexity to the country's malaria elimination efforts. Influencing factors The factors contributing to the increase in zoonotic malaria are complex and multifactorial, encompassing environmental, ecological, socioeconomic and behavioural elements. One of the most significant factors contributing to the rise of zoonotic malaria is deforestation and human encroachment into wildlife habitats. As human populations expand and agricultural activities increase, forests are being cleared for farming, logging and infrastructure development. This land-use change brings humans into closer proximity with macaques, increasing the likelihood of zoonotic spillover. Climate change also plays a critical role in shaping the spread of zoonotic malaria. Temperature, rainfall patterns and humidity affect the lifecycle and distribution of both mosquitoes and the Plasmodium parasite. Rising temperatures and unpredictable rainfall patterns can expand the geographical range of Anopheles mosquitoes, bringing them into new areas where malaria was not previously a concern. Additionally, climate change can alter macaque behaviour and migration patterns, pushing these animals into new areas where they come into contact with human populations and increasing the risk of zoonotic transmission, especially with the presence of Anopheles mosquitoes in these areas. ALSO READ: 'Virus hunters' on the prowl to track the next pandemic While traditional vector control measures such as insecticide-treated nets, indoor residual spraying and larval source management have been effective in controlling human malaria, they may be less effective against zoonotic malaria. This is mainly because the primary mosquito vectors are outdoor biters (exophagic) and typically feed outside human dwellings. As a result, indoor-based strategies like insecticide-treated nets and indoor residual spraying, offer limited protection against these vectors. Preventive methods Preventing zoonotic malaria requires proactive measures to reduce exposure to infected mosquitoes and macaques in areas where the disease is prevalent. Many ecotourism activities, such as hiking and wildlife observation, take place in forested or jungle areas that can be high-risk zones for zoonotic malaria transmission. One of the most effective ways to prevent such infections is to avoid entering forested areas, especially during the peak mosquito-biting times, which are typically at dawn and dusk. If entering such areas is unavoidable, it is crucial to take the necessary precautions, such as taking prophylactic drugs. Wearing the right protective clothing is also a simple, yet highly effective measure against mosquito bites. When entering a jungle where zoonotic malaria is a risk, it is important to wear long-sleeved shirts, long pants and socks to minimise exposed skin. Light-coloured clothing is also recommended, as mosquitoes are generally more attracted to dark colours. Clothing made from tightly woven fabrics provides an added barrier against mosquito bites, further reducing the risk of infection. In addition, using insect repellents containing DEET or picaridin can significantly reduce the chances of mosquito bites. These repellents should be applied to exposed skin, especially when hiking or engaging in other outdoor activities in areas with a high risk of zoonotic malaria. It is also advisable to treat clothing and gear with insect repellent to provide additional protection. ALSO READ: Keep the mosquitoes at bay with these natural solutions If someone develops a fever, chills, headache or other symptoms resembling malaria after engaging in jungle-related activities or visiting areas where zoonotic malaria is known to occur, it is crucial to seek medical attention immediately. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are vital in preventing the progression of the disease to more severe forms. Stronger multi-sectoral collaborations in combating zoonotic malaria through the integration of the One Health approach are also vital. This includes strengthening surveillance and diagnostic capabilities in the human health sector, monitoring infection in macaque populations and implementing targeted vector control strategies. Environmental management, such as reducing deforestation and limiting human-wildlife contact, also plays a key role. By fostering collaboration among public health, veterinary and environmental agencies, the One Health approach offers a comprehensive and sustainable solution to reduce the risk of transmission and support long-term control of zoonotic malaria. Dr Nantha Kumar Jeyaprakasam is a senior lecturer of parasitology and medical entomology at University Kebangsaan Malaysia. For more information, email starhealth@ The information provided is for educational and communication purposes only, and should not be considered as medical advice. The Star does not give any warranty on accuracy, completeness, functionality, usefulness or other assurances as to the content appearing in this article. The Star disclaims all responsibility for any losses, damage to property or personal injury suffered directly or indirectly from reliance on such information.
